• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.6 no.4
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• pp.527-539
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• 1993

To investigate the effects of crude protein and thyroxine on growth performance, nutrient utilizability, carcass composition, the content of total fat and cholesterol in leg muscle, breast muscle and liver, and caloric efficiency in broiler chicks. The experiment involved 3 levels of dietary crude protein (1-3 weeks: 20, 23, 26%; 4-6 weeks: 17, 20, 23%) and 3 levels of thyroxine (0.0, 1.5, 3.0 mg/kg). In the starting period (1-3 weeks), body weight gain of chicks fed diets containing 26% crude protein and 1.5 mg/kg thyroxine was higher than any other groups, and among thyroxine levels, 3.0 mg/kg thyroxine groups were lower. The best feed efficiency was obtained at 26% crude protein with no thyroxine supplemented or 1.5 mg/kg thyroxine supplemented groups. In the finishing period (4-6 weeks) the highest body weight gain was obtained at 23% crude protein with no thyroxine supplemented group. Feed intake of 17% crude protein with 1.5 mg/kg thyroxine supplemented group was higher than those of the other groups. It was found that the utilizability of crude protein in the starting period, showed the best utilizability at 20% crude protein with 1.5 mg/kg thyroxine group. Increasing crude protein level from 17 to 23%, utilizability of crude fat was decreased. The carcass composition was significantly (p<0.05) influenced by crude protein and thyroxine. Increasing thyroxine level from 0.0 to 3.0 mg/kg, crude protein content was increased whereas, crude fat content was decreased. Chicks fed diet containing 1.5 mg/kg thyroxine showed the lowest total fat content in liver tissue. In breast muscle, it was significantly (p<0.05) affected by crude protein and thyroxine. Present data revealed that the cholesterol content was increased for the chicks fed 3.0 mg/kg thyroxine. It the caloric efficiency, chicks fed a diet containing 20% crude protein with no thyroxine supplementation showed the highest caloric efficiency and the lowest efficiency was from 23% crude protein group with 1.5 mg/kg thyroxine. From this study it may be concluded that crude fat content of carcass could be successfully reduced by dietary supplementation of thyroxine, whereas crude protein content was increased.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.59-61
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• 1982

To evaluate the diagnostic value of the ratio of serum tyroxine$(T_4)$/thyroxine-binding globulin (TBG) for the thyroid status in pregnancy and newborn serum thyroxine, TBG, triiodothyronine, and free thyroxine levels were radioimmunoassayed in normal pregnant women at each of the trimesters, and the calculated serum $T_4/TBG$ ratios were compared with other parameters such as $T_3/TBG$ ratio and free $T_4/TBG$ ratio and free $T_4/TBG$ ratio. Serum $T_4$ levels were elevated with the propotionate increase in TBG levels during pregnancy, leading to the nearly constant value of serum $T_4/TBG$ ratios as in normal non-pregnant controls. In contrast, serum $T_3/TBG$ and free $T_4/TBG$ ratios varied considerably during pregnancy. In newborn, $T_4$ levels were nearly not changed with compared non-pregnant control value and TBG levels were elevated. The results indicate that serum $T_4/TBG$ ratio is a better parameter than others in evaluating the thyroid status during pregnancy and but newborn is a no better.

• Journal of Sericultural and Entomological Science
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• v.38 no.2
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• pp.130-137
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• 1996

Effect of topical application with 5, 10 and 15${\mu}$g/ml thyroxine on the pre-cocoon, cocoon, postcocoon and silk improvement were studied in bivoltine silkworm NB18 breed of B. mori L. Thyroxine was applied independently on alternate days to silkworm of IV and V instar larvae. The treatment of all different concentrations resulted in a significant increase in commercial characters like larval weight, silkgland weight, cocooning percentage, female cocoon weight and its shell weight and male cocoon shell weight and its ratio, cocoon dimension, length of the filament and its weight and oviposition. However, there was no significant change in larvel weight in 5${\mu}$g/ml treated group and larval duration was significantly decrease. But moth emergence percentage and hatching percentage did not show any significant change when compared with that of carrier control.

• The Korean Journal of Pharmacology
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• v.16 no.2 s.27
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• pp.31-38
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• 1980

Calvert et al. formulated the hypothesis that carbon tetrachloride ($CCl_4$) acted on the central nervous system to produce and intensify sympathetic discharge which resulted in anoxic necrosis of the liver. Recknagel suggested that the essential feature of $CCl_4$ hepatotoxicity depended on the cleavage of it to $CCl_3$(free radical) and the peroxidative decomposition of cytoplasmic membrane structural lipids. And there are many reports which show the increase of adrenergic activity in hyperthyroidism. In this paper, the influence of thyroxine on the hepatotexicity of carbon tetrachloride was investigated in mice. The results obtained were summarized as follows; 1) Hepatic total lipid and lipid peroxide contents were slightly decreased by L-sodium thyroxine injection(4mg/kg/day for 4days or 6days), but hepatic glycogen content was significantly decreased. 2) Hepatic total lipid and lipid peroxide contents and serum lactic dehydrogenase activity were significantly increased by $CCl_4$ (4 ml/kg single dose or triple dose: 4ml/kg/day for 3days), but hepatic glycogen content was significantly decreased. 3) The increase of hepatic total lipid and lipid peroxide contents and serum lactic dehydrogenase activity induced by $CCl_4$ were significantly inhitited by the pretreatment of thyroxine. 4) The decrease of hepatic glycogen induced by $CCl_4$ was not affected by the pretreatment of thyroxine.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.399-407
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• 2000

This study was carried out to examine if Haejohwan (HJ) inhibits oxidant-induced lipid peroxidation and therby produces protective effect against thyroxine-induced hyperthyroid rats. Triiodothyronine $(T_3)$, thyroxine $(T_4)$, lipid peroxidation, xathine oxidase activities and type conversion ratio were increased in thyroxine treated group. However, they were decreased in HJ extract's pre-applied group. Glutathione level, activities of glutathione peroxidase, glutathione Stransferase and glutathione reductase were decreased in thyroxine treated group. But, they were increased in HJ extract's pre-applied group. These results suggest that in thyroxine-induced hyperthyroid rats HJhas an increase in the activities of oxygen free radical scavenging enzymes and inhibition of xanthine oxidase activities, and prevents lipid peroxidation.

• Journal of radiological science and technology
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.85-90
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• 1987

Preliminary studies on the measurement of the free thyroxine in the serum with Amerlex $FT_{4}$ RIA kit were investigated using a tracer as $^{125}I-T_{4}$ derivative which is not almostly bound to thyroxine binding globulin, etc. The results are followed: 1. Linearity was tested on standards at various concentrations, and reproducibility and accuracy was excellent. 2. The antibody specificity is also excellent, and standard calibration curve of total $T_{4}$ was similar that of adding the TBG inhibitor. 3. Each value of $T_{4}$ in serum (the normal group, the hypothyroidism patients the pregnant women and the TBG dificiency patients) was not significant. As mentioned above, this method is more simple and rapid, compared to the other method.

• The Journal of the Korean dental association
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• v.12 no.12
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• pp.919-923
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• 1974

Serum calcium level was decreased by submaxillary gland removal in rate. To investigate the mechanisms involved in the above change, the authors examined the effects of thyroxine, vitamin D₂, and calcium gluconate, which influence the metabolisms of calcium and submaxillary gland, on the serum calcium level of the intact and submaxillary gland removal rats. The results were as follows: 1) Serum calcium level decreased by submaxillary gland removal. 2) Vitamin D₂, increased the serum calcium level significantly. 3) Thyroxine falied to recover the decreased serum calcium level induced by submaxillary gland removal to the control level. 4) In submaxillary gland removal rats, vitamin D₂ failed to increase the serum calcium level. 5) In thyroxine administered rats for 55 days, of which submaxillary glands were removed, vitamin D₂ failed to increase the serum calcium level. 6) The serum calcium level in intact rats was increased slightly, but increased significantly in submaxillary gland removal rats shortly after intravenous injection of calcium gluconate.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.105-112
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• 1980

The bursa of Fabricius from thyroxine-treated group showed increased number of large lymphocytes with well-developed cytoplasm, immunoblasts and proplasmacytes accompanied with active cell divisions. More prominent development of Golgi apparatus and mitochondria in the cytoplasm of the cells in the bursa from this group were also observed. The bursa of Fabricius from the propylthiouracil-treated group, however, distinctively revealed proliferation of fibroblasts in the interstitial tissues, decreased number of lymphocytes, and necrotic lymphocytes in the follicles.

• 대한핵의학회:학술대회논문집
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• 1973.11a
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• pp.51.3-52
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• 1973

• Biomedical Science Letters
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.11-15
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• 1999

Thyroxine (3,5,3',5'-L-tetraiodothyronine; T$_4$) is the most commonly measured thyroid hermono for the diagnosis of various thyroid disorders. Although radioimmunoassay (RIA) is still considered as the reference technique for the measurement of T$_4$, it is generally regarded that RIA has its primary disadventages in handling the wastes and controling the human and material resources. Therefore, establishment of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) has of great significance. To verify the usefulness of our enzyme immunoassay, we have obtained the standard dose response curve of T$_4$ in patient's sera which is inversely proportional to the amount of herseradish peroxidase (HRP) conjugated monoclonal antibody of T$_4$ bound to the wells. The correlation coefficient (r) between the ELISA and chemiluminescent assay was 0.444 (n=38). Thus we have investigated the establishment of rapid and sensitive competitive ELISA assay method for detection of T$_4$ in patient's sera.