• Korean Journal of Head & Neck Oncology
• /
• v.10 no.2
• /
• pp.192-199
• /
• 1994

Since 1950s, fine needle aspiration(FNA) cytology has become increasingly popular and numerous reports have demonstrate its accuracy, safety and cost-effectiveness. To evaluate the role of diagnostic FNA cytology in the thyroid nodule, authors compared preoperative cytologic findings with postoperative histologic diagnosis in two hundred two thyroid nodules underwent surgical resection at Department of Surgery, Pusan Paik Hospital. from July 1990 to December 1993. FNA and thyroidectomy was performed primarily by one Head and Neck surgeon and specimen was interpreted by several pathologists. One hundred seventy two FNAs(85%) were interpreted as positive for benign lesion or carcinoma and thirty(15%, cystic in 25, non-cystic lesion in 5 cases) were unsatisfactory specimens for interpretation. The preoperative cytologic diagnosis of 172 cases revealed 'benign' in 112. 'suspicious cancer' in 10 and 'cancer' in 50 cases. Postoperative pathologic diagnosis showed 'nodular goiter' in 64. 'benign tumor' in 43, 'thyroiditis' in 4 and 'cancer' in 61 cases. The value of preoperative FNA diagnosis for thyroid cancer yielded a sensitivity of 85.2%, a specificity of 92.7%, false negative rate 5.2%, false positive rate 4.5% and positive predictive value and overall accuracy were 86.6% and 90.1% respectively. Preoperative rate of malignancy could be increased up to 35.5% by using FNA.

• Korean Journal of Head & Neck Oncology
• /
• v.29 no.2
• /
• pp.37-40
• /
• 2013

Background and Objectives : To assess the usefulness of computed tomography image before papillary thyroid cancer surgery, focus on confirmation of lateral cervical lymph node metastasis not detected by ultrasonography. Material and Methods : From January 2008 to May 2009, total 150 patients who had undergone thyroid surgery and been confirmed papillary thyroid cancer pathologically were enrolled. They had taken neck computed tomography following the ultrasonography. Results : Computed tomography had found suspicious metastatic lateral neck lesion in 13 patients. After the image study, lateral neck lymph node dissection had been included in their surgical plan. Of these, only 7 cases were confirmed pathologically lateral neck lymph node metastasis(positive predictive value=0.54). Taken as whole 150 patients, additionally 4.7% of patients confirmed lateral neck lymph node metastasis by preoperative computed tomography. Conclusion : If preoperative ultrasonography was performed precisely, additional benefits that could be achieved by computed tomography were not much.

• International Journal of Contents
• /
• v.5 no.1
• /
• pp.33-36
• /
• 2009

Since the diagnosis of malignancy and benign of thyroid gland diseases is difficult only by using ultrasonogram opinions, the combination of fine needle aspiration (FNA) has been generalized trend for precise pathological diagnosis. Therefore, the current study aimed to know about its availability. The study subjected 500 patients who received the FNA along with the ultrasonogram screening for thyroid gland from October, 2007 to April, 2008. As the equipments for the study, Philips HDI-3500 and Philips UITRAMARKer-9 (UM-9) were used to conduct the comparative analysis of pathological results that were obtained through the inspection of ultrasonogram screening and through ultrasonogram guided FNA. Among the 464 patients who were found to be benign from the ultrasonogram screening inspection, II cases of the FNA diagnosis results judged to be malignancy, and 13 cases of the FNA diagnosis resulted to be benign among 36 patients who were diagnosed to be malignancy. The cases observed as solid from the opinions of ultrasonogram screening were often found to be malignancy, and most of the malignancy results were observed to show the hypoechoic pattern. Among the patients diagnosed with malignancy from the diagnosis of FNA, the 32 patients were found to have the papillary carcinoma, and the benign type was observed to be goiter and hyperplasia in 263 patients, which took up 52.6%. The ultrasonogram screening test that is performed for the purpose of diagnosing thyroid gland diseases, it is distinctively an useful inspection to diagnosis the presence, size and shape of nodules. However, the results of performing of FNA for those of nodules which were observed to be benign from the ultrasonogram were often came up with malignancy and there were cases that the nodules diagnosed with malignancy were diagnosed as benign from the FNA diagnosis.

• Annals of Surgical Treatment and Research
• /
• v.95 no.6
• /
• pp.297-302
• /
• 2018

Purpose: Increased robotic surgery is attended by increased reports of complications, largely due to limited operative view and lack of tactile sense. These kinds of obstacles, which seldom occur in open surgery, are challenging for beginner surgeons. To enhance robotic surgery safety, we created an augmented reality (AR) model of the organs around the thyroid glands, and tested the AR model applicability in robotic thyroidectomy. Methods: We created AR images of the thyroid gland, common carotid arteries, trachea, and esophagus using preoperative CT images of a thyroid carcinoma patient. For a preliminary test, we overlaid the AR images on a 3-dimensional printed model at five different angles and evaluated its accuracy using Dice similarity coefficient. We then overlaid the AR images on the real-time operative images during robotic thyroidectomy. Results: The Dice similarity coefficients ranged from 0.984 to 0.9908, and the mean of the five different angles was 0.987. During the entire process of robotic thyroidectomy, the AR images were successfully overlaid on the real-time operative images using manual registration. Conclusion: We successfully demonstrated the use of AR on the operative field during robotic thyroidectomy. Although there are currently limitations, the use of AR in robotic surgery will become more practical as the technology advances and may contribute to the enhancement of surgical safety.

• Korean Journal of Head & Neck Oncology
• /
• v.34 no.2
• /
• pp.61-64
• /
• 2018

Malignant lesion of the trachea predominantly results from direct spread of adjacent tumors, whereas primary tracheal malignancies are rarely observed. Tracheal tumors are usually diagnosed late on account of delayed specific symptoms: dyspnea, stridor, coughing and hemoptysis. Primary tracheal tumors, although very rare, may extend into the thyroid gland and present as a thyroid mass. Surgery, followed by adjuvant radiotherapy, is the treatment of choice. A case of primary tracheal cancer with thyroid invasion is reported, and a review of the literature is presented.

• Biomedical Science Letters
• /
• v.29 no.4
• /
• pp.321-329
• /
• 2023

Anaplastic thyroid cancer has the highest mortality rate of all thyroid cancers and shows low responsiveness to most treatments. Hongyoung, a reddish-colored potato, is an excellent source of dietary polyphenol containing a large amount of anthocyanins, which has anti-cancer and anti-inflammatory effects. This study investigated the effects of Hongyoung extract on apoptosis and invasiveness in SNU-80 anaplastic thyroid cancer cells. The quantification of the total polyphenol content was done by spectrophotometric measurement. Cell growth was measured by using 2-(2-methoxy-4-nitrophenyl)-3-(4-nitrophenyl)-5-(2,4-disulfophenyl) 2H tetrazolium, monosodium salt (MTS) assay. Cell cycle was analyzed through FACS analysis. Induction of apoptosis in cells was investigated by annexin V staining using flow cytometer and the expression of caspase-3 and Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) through western blot. mRNA expression and protein activation of matrix metalloproteinases (MMP)-2/-9 were examined by RT-PCR and zymography. As a result, the TPC of Hongyoung was 292.43±8.42 mg gallic acid equivalent (GAE)/100 g dry extract. Hongyoung showed a dose-dependent cell growth inhibition, and the IC₅₀ values was 1,000 ㎍/mL. sub-G1 phase was more than doubled compared to the control group, and S and G2/M phase arrest were also induced. Hongyoung induced apoptosis by increasing FITC-Annexin V-positive cells and increased the activation of caspase-3 (cleaved caspase-3) and PARP (fragmented PARP). Hongyoung significantly inhibited mRNA expression and protein activation of MMP-2/-9 in phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA)-treated SNU-80 cells. Therefore, this study suggests the possibility of development of Hongyoung extract as an anti-cancer agent.

• Korean Journal of Head & Neck Oncology
• /
• v.22 no.1
• /
• pp.40-42
• /
• 2006

Riedel's thyroiditis is an uncommon disorder of unknown etiology that is characterized by an invasive process that partially destroys the gland and extends into adjacent neck structures. Its clinical manifestation as a stonyhard, poorly defined enlargement over the thyroid gland and local compression of the trachea, esophagus and recurrent laryngeal nerve can mimic invasive thyroid carcinoma and mask the accompanied thyroid neoplasm. A case of Riedel's thyroiditis in a 59-year-old female patient, admitted with a previous diagnosis of adenomatous goiter, is reported. So, we present this case with the review of literatures.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine
• /
• v.38 no.3
• /
• pp.272-273
• /
• 2004

We experienced a case with meningioma showing false positive I-131 uptake. A 55-years old female patient underwent high dose (150 mCi) radioactive iodine therapy to ablate remnant tissue after total thyroidectomy for papillary thyroid cancer. in addition to intense tracer uptake in thyroid bed, there was mild but focal abnormal uptake in left frontal lobe of the brain on post-therapy I-131 whole body scan. Subsequent brain MR imaging showed single mass lesion in left frontal lobe and the mass was resected under the impression of brain metastasis of thyroid carcinoma. Pathologic report confirmed meningioma from the surgical specimen.

• The Korean Journal of Cytopathology
• /
• v.10 no.1
• /
• pp.43-53
• /
• 1999

We retrospectively reviewed the results of 1,850 fine needle aspiration cytology(FNAC) of thyroid nodules performed from 1990 to 1991 in the Department of Pathology, Seoul National University Hospital. Among 1,528 cases and 322 cases aspirated by clinicians and a pathologist, 465 cases(30.4%) and 13 cases(4.0%) of the aspirates were inadequate, respectively. In 227 cases, correlation of the FNAC diagnosis and histologic diagnosis was done. Excluding the inadequate cases, the sensitivity nor the detection of neoplasm(malignancy together with follicular adenoma) was 86.4% and the specificity was 70.7%. The overall diagnostic accuracy was 79.0%. There were 16 false-positive cases(7.0%), and 19 false-negative cases(8.4%). The predictive value of each cytologic diagnosis was 92% in papillary carcinoma, and 100%, in Hashimoto's thyroiditis. The expectancy of malignancy was 52.8% in "suspicious malignancy" and 26.7% in "atypical lesion".

• Korean Journal of Head & Neck Oncology
• /
• v.8 no.2
• /
• pp.106-111
• /
• 1992

Ten patients with $H\"{u}rthle$ cell tumor of the thyroid gland from Dec. 1987 to Sep. 1992 were reviewed to delinate an acceptable policy of treatment. Patients varied from age 23 years to 66 and consisted of nine females and one male, most of whom had an asymptomatic solitary cold nodule. Four patients had benign neoplasm and six patients had malignant neoplasm proven by capsular or vascular invasion or nodal metastasis. Associated thyroid lesions occurred in five patients, three adenomatous goiter, one Graves' disease and one follicular cell carcinoma. Surgery consisting of lobectomy and isthmectomy in four patients, bilateral subtotal thyroidectomy in one patients, total thyroidectomy in five patients. Lymph node dissection was not performed. Only one patient was experienced transient hypocalcemia. The period of observation varied from 15 to 58 months(mean, 30.5 months). Although our case was small and short follow up period, there were no recurrences or deaths. We suggested early aggressive surgical approach was appropriate because of lower recurrence rate and fewer operation, high bilateralism, lower surgical complication.