• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.379-384
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• 1996

The purpose of this research was to investigate the effect of Codonopsis lanceolatae Radix water extract(CLE) on immunocytes. The effect of CLE on the proliferation of thymocytes was estimated by MTT colorimetric assay, sub-population of thymocytes was estimated by laser flow cytometry, production of nitric oxide from macrophages was estimated by Griess method, and phagocytosis of human polymorphonuclear cells was estimated by lucigenin chemiluminescence. CLE increased the proliferation of thymocytes in vivo, but did not affect the proliferation of thymocytes in vitro. CLE accelerated the activation of heper T cells in thymocytes. CLE inhibited the production of nitric oxide from peritoneal macrophages, and increased the phagocytosis of human polymorphonuclear cells. These results suggest that CLE have immuno-regulatory action in vivo.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.142-148
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• 2000

The purpose of this research was to investigate effects of Samultang water extract (SMT) on cytokine production from immune cells during the late stage of pregnancy in BALB/c mice. SMT(500 mg/kg) was administered p.o. once a day for 7 days, and then thymocytes and peritoneal macrophages were separated. At the late stage of pregnant mice, the proliferation of thymocytes and the production of ${\gamma}-interferon$ in thymocytes were decreased as compared with normal group, but the production of interleukin-2 and interleukin-4 was increased. The production of tumor necrosis $factor-{\alpha}$, nitric oxide and phagocytic activity in peritoneal macrophage was increased as compared with normal group. At the late stage of pregnant mice administered with SMT, the production of interleukin-2 in thymocytes was decreased as compared with a pregnant group, but the proliferation of thymocytes, the production of ${\gamma}-interferon$ and interleukin-4 was increased. The production of tumor necrosis $factor-{\alpha}$ and nitric oxide in peritoneal macrophages were decreased as compared with a pregnant group, but phagocytic activity were increased. These results suggest that SMT has the regulative action on immune function of thymocytes and peritoneal macrophages at the late stage of pregnant mice.

• BMB Reports
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.183-188
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• 1998

2-chloroethylethyl sulfide (CEES) is an alkylating agent that readily reacts with a wide variety of biological molecules causing metabolic abnormality. The mechanism of cell death during CEES injury is poorly understood. We have examined the effect of exposure of thymocytes with various concentrations of CEES to determine the pattern of cell death in thymocytes injury induced by CEES. In the present study, we show that two patterns of cell death occurred by either one of two mechanisms: apoptosis and necrosis. Exposure to low level of CEES (100 ${\mu}M$) for 5 h caused an induction of apoptosis on thymocytes, as identified by the following criteria: DNA fragmentation visualized by the characteristic "ladder" pattern was observed upon agarose gel electrophoresis and morphological features were revealed by microscopical observations. In contrast, exposure to high levels of CEES (500 ${\mu}M$) induce necrotic features such as cell lysis. Thus, depending on the concentrations, CEES can result in either apoptotic or necrotic cell damage. Our findings suggest that thymocytes which are not killed directly, but merely injured by low levels of CEES, are able to activate an internally-programmed cell death mechanism, whereas thymocytes receiving severe damages apparently can not.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.327-338
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• 1998

To investigate effect of water extract of PaIMuITang(PMT) on human cancer cell-lines and immunocytes, this research estimated proliferation of A431 cell line, KHOS-NP cell line, mouse thymocytes and mouse splenocytes, Nitric Oxide(NO) from macrophage, apoptosis and subpopulation of the mouse thymocytes. The results were obtained as follows; 1. PMT inhibited the. proliferation of A431 cell line, but it is not significant. 2. PMT inhibited the proliferation of KHOS-NP cell line, but it is not significant. 3. PMT stimulated the proliferation of mouse thymocytes, being compared Con A non-treated group. 4. PMT stimulated the proliferation of mouse splenocytes, being compared LPS treated group. 5. PMT l00g/mQ inhibited the production of NO from macrophages in vitro, being compared NPS IFN treated group. 6. PMT inhibited the production of NO from macrophages in vivo, being compared LPS|IFN treated group. 7. PMT accelerated the induction of apoptosis of the mouse thymocytes. 8. In subpopulation PMT decreased $T_H$ of the mouse thymocytes, but increased T /dT s of the mouse thymocytes.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.17 no.5
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• pp.1208-1216
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• 2003

Stress is known to influence the immune function via an effect on the central nervous system. To investigated the effects of Kwibitang water extract (KBT) on the specific immune response in C57BL/6 mice stressed by immobilization, we evaluated the changes in the cell viability, DNA fragmentation and subpopulation of thymocytes and splenocytes. KBT enhanced the cell viability of thymocytes and splenocytes decreased by immobilization stress. Also, KBT decreased DNA fragmentation of thymocytes and splenocytes increased by immobilization stress. KBT decreased the population of CD4/sup +/ cells and CD8/sup +/ cells in thymocytes and Thy1/sup +/ cells in splenocytes increased by immobolization stress, but increased the population of B220/sup +/ cells decreased by immobilization stress. In addition, KBT enhanced the production of ν-interferon and IL-2 decreased by immobilization stress. These results indicate that KBT may be useful for the prevention and treatment of stress via enhancement of the specific immune response

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.14 no.5
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• pp.397-404
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• 2001

The purpose of this study was to investigate effects of inner skin of chestnut on the activation of a living body's function (regional cerebral blood flow and mean arterial blood pressure in Sprague-Dawley rats, proliferation of thymocytes in normal mice and L1210 cells transplanted mice) . We used inner skin of chestnut extract(Sample A : inner skin of chestnut-panbroiled after driedextract (100$\^{C}$ ), Sample B , inner skin of chestnut-panbroiled-extract(100$\^{C}$ ) , Sample C : inner skin of chestnut -panbroiled after dried-extract(80$\^{C}$ ), Sample D : inner skin of chestnut-panbroiled-extract(80$\^{C}$)} Regional cerebral blood flow(rCBF) and Mean arterial blood pressure(MABP) were tested using Leser -Doppler Flowmetry(LDF), and the proliferation of thymcytes was tested using a colorimetric tetrazoliun assay ( MTT assay) The experimental results as follows 1. rCBF was significantly increased by Sample C in a dose-dependent manner. 2. MABP was not changed by Sample C in a 0.1mg/kg∼10.0mg/kg treated group. 3. Proliferation of thymocytes was not changed by Sample C in normal mice. 4. Proliferation of thymocytes was significantly accelerated by Sample C in L1210 cells transplanted mice.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.729-733
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• 2002

The purpose of this research was to investigate the effects of Insamyangyoung-tang water extract (IYT) on the specific immune response in BALB/c mice. When IYT (500mg/kg) was administerd p.o. once a day for 7 days to BALB/c mice, the cell viability of thymocytes and splenocytes was increased. Also, IYT increased the population of CD4/sup +/ cells in thymocytes and the population of Thy1/sup +/ cells and CD4/sup +/ cells in splenocytes. In addition, IYT increased the production of γ -interferon and interleukin-2 from thymocytes and the production of γ -interferon from splenocytes. These results suggest that IYT enhances the specific immune response via activation of Th1 cells in thymocytes and splenocytes.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.825-830
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• 2009

The purpose of this research was to investigate the effects of Calendula officinalis extract (CE) on the activation of murine lymphocytes and macrophages. CE was administered p.o. once a day for 7 days at the concentration of 500 mg/kg. The administration of CE increased the viability of thymocytes, but decreased the viability of splenocytes. Also, CE increased the viability of thymocytes and splenocytes at the concentration of $5{\mu}g$/ml in vitro. The administration of CE did not affect the population of thymic $CD4^+$/$CD8^+$ cells and splenic $CD4^+$/$CD8^+$ cells. Furthermore, the administration of CE enhanced the phagocytic activity of peritoneal macrophages, but decreased the phagocytic activity in vitro. CE decreased the production of nitric oxide from peritoneal macrophages in vivo and in vitro system. These results suggest that CE enhance of cell viability by a direct influence on thymocytes and phagocytic activity by an indirect influence on peritoneal macrophages.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.99-105
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• 2001

Immunoregulative action of 70% ethyl alcohol fraction of Cervus nippon was investigated in vitro. The fraction enhanced the proliferation of thymocytes and the population of CD4$\^$+/CD8$\^$-/ single-positive cells in thymocytes. CN-E enhanced [Ca$\^$2+]$\sub$i/, the production of TNF-${\alpha}$ and IL-1 ${\beta}$, and phagocytosis in peritoneal macrophages. The fraction did not induce the proliferation of splenocytes and DNA fragmentation in thymocytes. These results indicate that 70% ethyl alcohol fraction of Cervus nippon regulates immunological action by stimulating murine thymocytes and macrophages.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.23 no.10
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• pp.1451-1489
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• 2002

Sphingosine is known to regulate a wide range of cell physiology including growth, differentiation, and apoptosis. In this study, we examined the effect of sphingosine on the phospholipase D (PLD) activity in rat thymocytes. Sphingosine potently stimulated PLD in the absence of extracellular calcium, while depletion of intracellular calcium by BAPTA/AM treatment completely blocked activation of PLD by sphingosine. Sphingosine-induced increase of the intracellular calcium concentration was confirmed using a fluorescent calcium indicator Fluo-3/AM. A phosphoinositide-specific phospholipase C inhibitor U73122 partially inhibited the stimulation of PLD by sphingosine. When mouse PLD2 gene was transfected into mouse thymoma EL4 cells, which lack intrinsic PLD activity, sphingosine could stimulate PLD2 significantly while overexpression of human PLD1 had no effect. Taken together, the sphingosine-stimulated PLD activity in rat thymocytes is dependent on the mobilization of intracellular calcium and appears to be due to the PLD2 isoform.