• Title/Summary/Keyword: threshold value

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Design and Implementation of Visitor Access Control System using Deep learning Face Recognition (딥러닝 얼굴인식 기술을 활용한 방문자 출입관리 시스템 설계와 구현)

  • Heo, Seok-Yeol;Kim, Kang Min;Lee, Wan-Jik
    • Journal of Digital Convergence
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    • v.19 no.2
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    • pp.245-251
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    • 2021
  • As the trend of steadily increasing the number of single or double household, there is a growing demand to see who is the outsider visiting the home during the free time. Various models of face recognition technology have been proposed through many studies, and Harr Cascade of OpenCV and Hog of Dlib are representative open source models. Among the two modes, Dlib's Hog has strengths in front of the indoor and at a limited distance, which is the focus of this study. In this paper, a face recognition visitor access system based on Dlib was designed and implemented. The whole system consists of a front module, a server module, and a mobile module, and in detail, it includes face registration, face recognition, real-time visitor verification and remote control, and video storage functions. The Precision, Specificity, and Accuracy according to the change of the distance threshold value were calculated using the error matrix with the photos published on the Internet, and compared with the results of previous studies. As a result of the experiment, it was confirmed that the implemented system was operating normally, and the result was confirmed to be similar to that reported by Dlib.

EF Sensor-Based Hand Motion Detection and Automatic Frame Extraction (EF 센서기반 손동작 신호 감지 및 자동 프레임 추출)

  • Lee, Hummin;Jung, Sunil;Kim, Youngchul
    • Smart Media Journal
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    • v.9 no.4
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    • pp.102-108
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    • 2020
  • In this paper, we propose a real-time method of detecting hand motions and extracting the signal frame induced by EF(Electric Field) sensors. The signal induced by hand motion includes not only noises caused by various environmental sources as well as sensor's physical placement, but also different initial off-set conditions. Thus, it has been considered as a challenging problem to detect the motion signal and extract the motion frame automatically in real-time. In this study, we remove the PLN(Power Line Noise) using LPF with 10Hz cut-off and successively apply MA(Moving Average) filter to obtain clean and smooth input motion signals. To sense a hand motion, we use two thresholds(positive and negative thresholds) with offset value to detect a starting as well as an ending moment of the motion. Using this approach, we can achieve the correct motion detection rate over 98%. Once the final motion frame is determined, the motion signals are normalized to be used in next process of classification or recognition stage such as LSTN deep neural networks. Our experiment and analysis show that our proposed methods produce better than 98% performance in correct motion detection rate as well as in frame-matching rate.

Age-dependent immune response in pigs against foot-and-mouth disease virus in vitro

  • Roh, Jae-Hee;Bui, Ngoc Anh;Lee, Hu Suk;Bui, Vuong Nghia;Dao, Duy Tung;Vu, Thanh Thi;Hoang, Thuy Thi;So, Kyoung-Min;Yi, Seung-Won;Kim, Eunju;Hur, Tai-Young;Oh, Sang-Ik
    • Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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    • v.63 no.6
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    • pp.1376-1385
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    • 2021
  • Foot-and-mouth disease, one of the most contagious diseases in cloven-hoofed animals, causes significant economic losses. The pathogenesis of foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) infection is known to differ with age of the animals. In this study, we aimed to reveal the difference in immunological response in the initial stage of FMDV infection between piglets and adult pigs. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were isolated from 3 piglets (8 weeks old) and 3 pigs (35 weeks old) that were not vaccinated against FMDV. O-type FMDV (2 × 102 median tissue culture infectious dose) was inoculated into porcine PBMCs and the cells were incubated at 37.0℃ under 5% CO2 for various time periods (0, 1, 3, 6, 12, 24, and 48 h). The total RNA was obtained from the FMDV-inoculated PBMCs after each time point, and the virus titer was investigated in these RNA samples. Furthermore, dynamics of mRNA expression of the six tested cytokines (interferon [IFN]-α, IFN-γ, interleukin [IL]-6, IL-8, IL-10, and tumor necrosis factor [TNF]-α) in FMDV-inoculated porcine PBMCs were evaluated by time-series analysis to determine the differences, if any, based on the age of the pigs. The PBMCs of piglets contained the highest quantity of FMDV mRNA at 6 hours post-inoculation (hpi), and the PBMCs of pigs had the highest quantity of FMDV mRNA at 3 hpi. The mean cycle threshold-value in the PBMCs steadily decreased after the peak time point in the piglets and pigs (6 and 3 hpi, respectively). The dynamics of mRNA expression of all cytokines except TNF-α showed age-dependent differences in FMDV-inoculated PBMCs. The mRNA expression of most cytokines was more pronounced in the piglets than in the pigs, implying that the immune response against FMDV showed an age-dependent difference in pigs. In conclusion, within 48 hpi, the 8-week-old piglets responded more rapidly and were more sensitive to FMDV infection than the 35-week-old pigs, which could be associated with the difference in the pathogenesis of FMDV infection among the pigs. These results provide valuable insights into the mechanisms underlying the age-dependent differences in immune response in pigs against FMDV infection.

Effects of Audio-visual Entertainment and Soft Tissue Mobilization on Pressure Pain Thresholds, Psychophysiological parameters, and Brain waves in University Students with Tension-type Headache (긴장성 두통이 있는 대학생들에게 시청각적 엔터테인먼트와 연부조직 가동술이 압력통각역치, 바이오피드백, 뇌파에 미치는 영향)

  • Jung, Dae-In;Lee, Eun-Sang;Kim, Hyun-Joong
    • Journal of Korea Entertainment Industry Association
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    • v.14 no.7
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    • pp.539-548
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    • 2020
  • TTH(tension-type headache) is the most common primary headache among adults. Long-term headaches cause chronic headaches and have a better impact on daily life. The purpose of this study is to compare the contributions to TTH through AVE(audio-visual entertainment) and STM(soft tissue mobilization) suitable for management of pathogenic and psychogenic factors of TTH. The participants of this study were from 30 people who complained of intermittent or persistent headaches for more than 6 months, and 10 participants each in the AVE group, STM group, and AVE plus STM group. In the assigned group, a total of 12 sessions were performed three times a week for 4 weeks after the baseline, followed by post-test. Outcome measures measured PPTs(pressure pain thresholds), psychophysiological parameters, and EEG(electroencephalogram). The measured results were analyzed for interaction between time and group through a two way rmANOVA(repeated measurement variance analysis). As a result of the PPTs, interaction was found in the results of the right trapezius (p<.05), and the more improvement was observed in the AVE group. Therefore, through AVE based on psychological factors rather than direct access to the muscles of pathogenic factors, a positive impact on the PPTs was shown, but the average value of the psychophysiological parameters and brain waves that were not statistically significant. The amount of change was observed. Through this, it is suggested that audio-visual stimulation could be considered in the management of TTH.

Volumetric change of the latissimus dorsi muscle after postoperative chemotherapy and radiotherapy in immediate breast reconstruction with an extended latissimus dorsi musculocutaneous flap: final results from serial studies

  • Song, Kyeong Ho;Oh, Won Seok;Lee, Jae Woo;Kim, Min Wook;Jeong, Dae Kyun;Bae, Seong Hwan;Kim, Hyun Yul;Jung, Youn Joo;Choo, Ki Seok;Nam, Kyung Jin;Joo, Ji Hyeon;Yun, Mi Sook;Nam, Su Bong
    • Archives of Plastic Surgery
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    • v.48 no.6
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    • pp.607-613
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    • 2021
  • Background Breast reconstruction using an extended latissimus dorsi (eLD) flap can supplement more volume than reconstruction using various local flaps after partial mastectomy, and it is a valuable surgical method since the reconstruction area is not limited. However, when performing reconstruction, the surgeon should consider latissimus dorsi (LD) volume reduction due to postoperative chemotherapy (POCTx) and postoperative radiotherapy (PORTx). To evaluate the effect of POCTx and PORTx on LD volume reduction, the effects of each therapy-both separately and jointly-need to be demonstrated. The present study quantified LD volume reduction in patients who underwent POCTx and PORTx after receiving breast-conserving surgery (BCS) with an eLD flap. Methods This study included 48 patients who received immediate breast reconstruction using an eLD flap from January 2013 to March 2017, had chest computed tomography (CT) 7-10 days after surgery and 10-14 months after radiotherapy completion, and were observed for more than 3 years postoperatively. One surgeon performed the breast reconstruction procedures, and measurements of breast volume were obtained from axial CT views, using a picture archiving and communication system. A P-value <0.05 was the threshold for statistical significance. Results The average volume reduction of LD at 10-14 months after completing POCTx and PORTx was 64.5% (range, 42.8%-81.4%) in comparison to the volume measured 7-10 days after surgery. This change was statistically significant (P<0.05). Conclusions Based on the findings of this study, when harvesting an eLD flap, surgeons should anticipate an average LD volume reduction of 64.5% if chemotherapy and radiotherapy are scheduled after BCS with an eLD flap.

Persistence Analysis of Observed Metocean Data in the Southwest Coast in Korea (서남해안 연안 해양기상 관측자료의 지속시간 특성 분석)

  • Gi-Seop, Lee;Gyung-Sik, Seo;Hong-Yeon, Cho
    • Journal of Korean Society of Coastal and Ocean Engineers
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    • v.34 no.6
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    • pp.303-314
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    • 2022
  • The persistence analysis of marine physical environment factors is a basic analysis that must precede the use of sea areas as an analysis required in the coastal engineering such as downtime and design. In this study, the persistence analysis was implemented for wind speed and significant wave height data from four observation points of Deokjeokdo, Oeyeondo, Geomundo, and Geojedo among the marine meteorological observation buoys of the Korea Meteorological Administration. The persistence time means the consecutive time of observation data beyond specific level. The threshold wind speed and significant wave height were set in the range of 1~15 m/s and the range of 0.25~3.0 m, respectively. Then, the persistence time was extracted. As a result of the analysis, the persistence time of wind speed and significant wave height decreased rapidly as the reference value increased. The median persistence times under the maximum reference thresholds were assessed as a maximum of 5 hours for wind speed and a maximum of 8 hours for significant wave height. When the reference wind speed and significant wave height were 15 m/s and 3 m, respectively, the persistence time that could occur with a 1% probability were 52 and 56 hours. This study can be expanded to all coastal areas in Korea, and it is expected that various engineering applications by performing a persistence analysis of the metocean data.

A of Radiation Field with a Developed EPID

  • Y.H. Ji;Lee, D.H.;Lee, D.H.;Y.K. Oh;Kim, Y.J.;C.K. Cho;Kim, M.S.;H.J. Yoo;K.M. Yang
    • Proceedings of the Korean Society of Medical Physics Conference
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    • 2003.09a
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    • pp.67-67
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    • 2003
  • It is crucial to minimize setup errors of a cancer treatment machine using a high energy and to perform precise radiation therapy. Usually, port film has been used for verifying errors. The Korea Cancer Center Hospital (KCCH) has manufactured digital electronic portal imaging device (EPID) system to verify treatment machine errors as a Quality Assurance (Q.A) tool. This EPID was consisted of a metal/fluorescent screen, 45$^{\circ}$ mirror, a camera and an image grabber and could display the portal image with near real time KIRAMS has also made the acrylic phantom that has lead line of 1mm width for ligh/radiation field congruence verification and reference points phantom for using as an isocenter on portal image. We acquired portal images of 10$\times$10cm field size with this phantom by EPID and portal film rotating treatment head by 0.3$^{\circ}$, 0.6$^{\circ}$ and 0.9$^{\circ}$. To check field size, we acquired portal images with 18$\times$18cm, 19$\times$19cm and 20$\times$20cm field size with collimator angle 0$^{\circ}$ and 0.5$^{\circ}$ individually. We have performed Flatness comparison by displaying the line intensity from EPID and film images. The 0.6$^{\circ}$ shift of collimator angle was easily observed by edge detection of irradiated field size on EPID image. To the extent of one pixel (0.76mm) difference could be detected. We also have measured field size by finding optimal threshold value, finding isocenter, finding field edge and gauging distance between isocenter and edge. This EPID system could be used as a Q.A tool for checking field size, light/radiation congruence and flatness with a developed video based EPID.

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Influence of Water-Cement Ratios and Curing Conditions on the Diffusion Characteristics of Chloride Ion in Concrete (콘크리트의 염소이온 확산특성에 미치는 물-시멘트비 및 양생조건의 영향)

  • Bae, Su-Ho;Lee, Kwang-Myong;Kim, Jee-Sang;Jung, Sang-Hwa
    • KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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    • v.26 no.4A
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    • pp.753-759
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    • 2006
  • To predict service life of concrete structures exposed to chloride attack, surface chloride concentration, diffusion coefficient of chloride ion, and chloride corrosion threshold value in concrete, are used as important factors. Of these, as the diffusion coefficient of chloride ion for concrete is strongly influenced by concrete quality and environmental conditions of structures and may significantly change the service life of structures, it is considered as the most important factor for service life prediction. The qualitative factors affecting the penetration and diffusion of chloride ion into concrete are water-cement (W/C) ratio, age, curing conditions, chloride ion concentration of given environment, wet and dry conditions, etc. In this paper the influence of W/C ratio and curing conditions on the diffusion characteristics of chloride ion in concrete was investigated through the chloride ion diffusion test. In the test, the voltages passing through the diffusion cell were measured by accelerated test method using potential difference, and then with the consideration of IR drop ratio the diffusion coefficient of chloride ion for concrete with different W/C ratios were estimated by Andrade's model. Furthermore, under different curing conditions formulas for the estimation of the diffusion coefficient of chloride ion have been proposed by the regression analysis considering the effect of W/C ratio and age.

A Study on the Image Change Using Twinkle Artifact Images and Phantom according to Calcification-Inducing Environment in Breast Ultrasonography (유방 초음파 검사에서 석회화 유발 환경에 따른 반짝 허상과 팸텀을 활용한 영상 변화에 관한 연구)

  • Cheol-Min Jeon
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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    • v.17 no.5
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    • pp.751-759
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    • 2023
  • Breast ultrasonography is difficult to image in fatty breasts and to find micro-calcification, but the discovery of micro-calcification is very important for breast cancer screening. Among the color Doppler artifact of ultrasound, twinkle artifact mainly occur on strong reflectors such as stones or calcification in images, and evaluation methods using them are clinically being used. In this study, we are conducting experiments on the color Doppler settings of ultrasound equipment, such as repetition frequency, ensemble, persist, wall filtering, smoothing, linear density, and dissociation value, by producing a breast simulation phantom using the largest amount of calcium phosphate among breast implants. The purpose of this study was to improve the contrast of twinkle artifact in breast ultrasound examinations and to maximize their use in clinical practice. As a result, the pulse repetition frequency occurred in the range of 3.6 kHz to 7.2 kHz, and did not occur above 10.5 kHz. For ensembles, twinkle artifact occurred in all sizes of calcification under low conditions, and in threshold settings, the twinkle artifact increased slightly only under 80 to 100 conditions, and did not occur in 1 mm size calcification. Persist, wall filter, smoothing, and line density settings did not have much meaning in the setting variable because conditions did not increase by condition, and pulse repetition frequency, ensemble, and thresholds had the greatest impact on the twinkling artifact image. This study is expected to help examiners select optimal conditions to effectively increase twinkle artifact by adjusting color Doppler settings.

Predictors and Prevalence of Alcohol and Cannabis Co-use Among Filipino Adolescents: Evidence From a School-based Student Health Survey

  • Yusuff Adebayo Adebisi;Don Eliseo Lucero-Prisno III;Jerico B. Ogaya;Victor C. Canezo Jr.;Roland A. Niez;Florante E. Delos Santos;Melchor M. Magramo;Ann Rosanie Yap-Tan;Francis Ann R. Sy;Omar Kasimieh
    • Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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    • v.57 no.3
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    • pp.288-297
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    • 2024
  • Objectives: This study explored the prevalence and predictors of alcohol and cannabis co-use among 9263 Filipino adolescents, using data from the 2019 Global School-based Student Health Survey (GSHS). Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional secondary analysis of the GSHS, targeting adolescents aged 13-17 years and excluding cases with incomplete data on alcohol and cannabis use. Our analysis employed the bivariate chi-square test of independence and multivariable logistic regression using Stata version 18 to identify significant predictors of co-use, with a p-value threshold set at 0.05. Results: The weighted prevalence of co-users was 4.2% (95% confidence interval [CI], 3.4 to 5.3). Significant predictors included male sex (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 4.50; 95% CI, 3.31 to 6.10; p<0.001) and being in a lower academic year, specifically grade 7 (aOR, 4.08; 95% CI, 2.39 to 6.99; p<0.001) and grade 8 (aOR, 2.20; 95% CI, 1.30 to 3.72; p=0.003). Poor sleep quality was also a significant predictor (aOR, 1.77; 95% CI, 1.29 to 2.44; p<0.001), as was a history of attempted suicide (aOR, 5.31; 95% CI, 4.00 to 7.06; p<0.001). Physical inactivity was associated with lower odds of co-use (aOR, 0.45; 95% CI, 0.33 to 0.62; p<0.001). Additionally, non-attendance of physical education classes (aOR, 1.48; 95% CI, 1.06 to 2.05; p=0.021), infrequent unapproved parental checks (aOR, 1.37; 95% CI, 1.04 to 1.80; p=0.024), and lower parental awareness of free-time activities (aOR, 0.63; 95% CI, 0.45 to 0.87; p=0.005) were associated with higher odds of co-use. Factors not significantly linked to co-use included age group, being in grade 9, always feeling lonely, having no close friends, being bullied outside school, and whether a parent or guardian understood the adolescent's worries. Conclusions: The findings highlight the critical need for comprehensive interventions in the Philippines, addressing not only physical inactivity and parental monitoring but also focusing on sex, academic grade, participation in physical education classes, sleep quality, and suicide attempt history, to effectively reduce alcohol and cannabis co-use among adolescents.