• 제목/요약/키워드: three-dimension culture

검색결과 68건 처리시간 0.025초

대학입시 재수경험에 대한 의미화작업 (Meaning Making for the Experience of Retaking College Entrance Examination)

  • 이상헌;정태연
    • 한국심리학회지 : 문화 및 사회문제
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    • 제20권4호
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    • pp.365-389
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    • 2014
  • 본 연구는 역경으로서의 재수를 한 대학생이 그 경험을 어떻게 인식하고 있는지를 알아보았다. Lee와 Jung(2014)의 연구에 참가한 재수경험이 있는 대학생 중에서 대학 만족 수준(더 만족/덜 만족), 재수 경험에 대한 긍정적 인식 수준(더 긍정/덜 긍정)의 4개 유형에서 각 3명씩 총 12명의 참여자를 선정하여 현상학적 질적 연구를 진행하였다. 그 결과, 재수경험에 대한 7개의 구성요소와 19개의 하위구성요소가 도출되었으며 이를 세 가지 시간적 맥락에 따라 범주화하였다. 재수경험에 대한 인식이 각 관점에 따라 달랐는데, 첫 번째는 재수과정에 대한 실천적 관점으로서, 재수는 '한계와 고통을 주지만 목표를 위해 이겨내야 하는 것'을 의미했다. 두 번째는 재수의 결과에 대한 평가적 관점으로서, 재수는 '나를 발전시키지만 보이지 않는 상처를 남기는 것'을 의미했다. 세 번째는 앞의 두 관점에서의 긍정적 또는 부정적 영향에 대해 전체적인 의미를 부여하는 의미적 관점으로서, 재수경험이 '내 삶을 있는 그대로 받아들이게 해준 것'을 의미했다. 이러한 결과를 토대로 연구의 의의와 제한점 및 추후연구에 대한 방향을 제시하였다.

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충북지역 학교급식의 만족도 분석 (An Analysis on the Satisfaction with the Quality of School Foodservice in Chungbuk Province)

  • 이영은
    • 한국식생활문화학회지
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    • 제23권1호
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    • pp.105-114
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    • 2008
  • The purposes of this study were to identify the students’ perception and to evaluate the satisfaction with the quality of school foodservice in Chungbuk Province. A questionnaire survey of 900 students was conducted and 370 completed questionnaires were available for the purpose of the statistical evaluation. Statistical analyses were performed on the data utilizing the SAS V8.2 program. Importance, performance and satisfaction scale were composed of 5-Likert scales. The main results of this study were summarized as follows: The degree of importance and performance on twenty three attributes and the degree of satisfaction with four dimensions and overall satisfaction were measured according to type of school, location of school, place for eating, type of foodservice system and type of foodservice operation. The importance score was significantly higher than the performance score at all quality attributes except for the food appearance. The performance score of ‘waiting time’ and ‘atmosphere’ was less than 3 point out of 5 scale. The average satisfaction score for the quality dimensions of food, sanitation and service was 3.35, 3.19 and 3.10 point out of 5 scale, respectively. The satisfaction score for dimension of environment was 2.93 point out of 5 scale. The score for overall satisfaction was 3.27 point out of 5 scale. The satisfaction score for elementary school foodservice management was significantly higher than middle and high school foodservices. The satisfaction score for commissary foodservice operations was significantly higher than conventional foodservice operations. Using survey results as a base, the dieticians of school foodservice are required to meet the needs of the students and increase students’ satisfaction.

국가문화가 서비스품질의 평가에 미치는 영향 : 한국과 영·미권 국가의 비교 (Impact of National Culture on Service Quality Evaluations : Comparison of Korea and Anglo-Saxon Countries)

  • 남성집
    • 유통과학연구
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    • 제13권11호
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    • pp.93-100
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    • 2015
  • Purpose - The objective of this research is to investigate whether national culture influences consumers' service evaluations. The services industry is receiving increasing attention from academia and practitioners as its position grows in global markets. Standardization or localization is a traditional managerial decision in global business. As the boundaries of services expand across national borders, firms are required to decide whether to standardize services or adjust to local needs. Though it is imperative to reflect global perspectives in marketing theories, these perspectives are mostly based on Western conceptualization of the world. Through a comparison of consumer groups from two culturally remote countries, service quality evaluation mechanisms are examined based on similar stimuli. The study tries to expand service marketing perspectives across national borders. Research design, data, and methodology - Eastern and Western countries are known to be culturally distinct. One Eastern and one Western country were chosen: an Anglo-Saxon country (the U.S., England, and Australia) and South Korea. In Hofstede's cultural dimensions, the differences between the two are pronounced. The Anglo-Saxon based countries share many similarities. Samples of the same sites are targeted. Questionnaires using a service quality scale (SERVQUAL) and a customer satisfaction scale were distributed. Utilizing Hofstede's typology of culture, the service evaluation mechanisms of the respondents from the two groups are evaluated. Three hypotheses are proposed from the review of the literature. These are service evaluation habits, importance of service quality dimensions for the individualistic/collectivistic countries, and strong/weak uncertainty avoidance cultures. Consumers from the individualistic countries are considered to care about themselves and demand a higher level of responsiveness and assurance. On the other hand, consumers from high uncertainty avoidance cultures are assumed to rely more on tangible questions of service quality, as these are the only predictable service quality indicators. A t-test and regression analysis are applied to validate the constructs. Results - The respondents from the Anglo-Saxon countries are more generous on service evaluations than Koreans. Researchers have indicated that Americans tend to give higher service evolution scores than European, Mexican, and Korean counterparts. The tendency is the same here. The sample from Anglo-Saxon countries demonstrated higher service evaluation scores on every dimension of SERVQUAL. For the second hypothesis, the respondents from the collectivistic culture rely less on core service dimensions (assurance and responsiveness) due to their tendency to place more value on group harmony than individual interest. However, the third hypothesis was not validated. Conclusions - The study attempted to expand the scope of service marketing to reflect cross-national perspectives. Service quality is known to have a strong influence on customer satisfaction and loyalty behavior. However, this research demonstrated that individuals from different cultural territories respond heterogeneously to the same stimuli. Scholars argue that national cultures are main factors in such deviated behavior. Scholars and global managers should be aware of differences in consumer value judgment mechanisms such as satisfaction, expectations, and perceptions.

Do good return policies work across cultures? Effect of lenient return policies on online shopper perceptions in Eastern culture

  • Yang, SuJin;Choi, Yun Jung
    • Asia Marketing Journal
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    • 제15권2호
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    • pp.75-97
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    • 2013
  • While good return policies are suggested as one of the critical services for e-commerce, ambivalence between the burden of the cost and shoppers' satisfaction may prevent e-tailers from increasing their level of leniency. Based on the S-O-R model, this study has attempted to develop a grounded theory to explain how lenient return policies shape online shoppers' perceptions and responses, with a focus on cultural influences in the relationship. In order to check the cultural effects of the lenient return policy, thirty two female and eleven male undergraduate students in South Korean shoppers, who are accustomed to strict return policies, participated in the semi-structured interview. A series of open-ended questions were designed to explore consumers' reactions toward four different levels of the lenient return policy: from the strict type in South Korea to the lenient type in the U.S. Using qualitative research methods, this research has defined three types of dimensions of lenient return policy: return possible period, complexity of progress, and other restrictions. While previous researchers did not pay much attention, the last dimension, other restrictions, is shown to be the most significant in influencing online shoppers' perceptions, especially in South Korea. Also, the impacts on online shoppers' perceptions from the three types of sub-dimensions of return policy were somewhat different. Whereas a longer return possible period was considered more favorable, a medium level of complexity and restrictions were considered more desirable. In summary, this result showed that shoppers in Eastern cultures, i.e. South Korean online shoppers, seem favorable to a medium level of lenient return policies, while allowing for taking precautions against possible fraudulent behaviors and setting other restrictions. Therefore, most of retailers in South Korea recommended that e-tailers who adopt the most lenient return policies raise the bar to guard ethical shoppers from fraudulent users. Next, lenient return policies can enhance ease of use, usefulness, affect, and trust while relieving perceived risk, which is connected to intention to purchase, satisfaction, and loyalty. Interestingly, lenient return policies are more likely to change the behavioral responses of online shoppers, such as return and purchase, rather than change their attitudes or beliefs such as image, satisfaction, and loyalty. This tendency can be seen more clearly in the direct influences of return policy on responses. The reaction to lenient return policy is mostly the intention to return or to purchase. This suggests that return policy serves the e-tailers as a powerful tool in increasing online shoppers' purchase intention at the moment of purchase. Therefore, e-tailers who plan to expand their market to eastern countries, including South Korea, have to build a shield of restrictions around their lenient return policy, rather than immediately applying their original liberalized return policy. Also, e-tailers in South Korea need to review their strict and undifferentiated return policies to deal with the unsatisfied reactions of online shoppers toward their normal return policies. Although the present study was confined to the return policies currently being practiced by popular e-tailers, it would be worthwhile to develop effective return policies separately for each country, especially South Korea, keeping the culture of the relevant country in mind.

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도덕 판단에서 나타나는 도덕-인습 구분에 대한 논쟁과 함의 (A critical review and implications of the moral-conventional distinction in moral judgment)

  • 설선혜;이승민
    • 인지과학
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    • 제29권2호
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    • pp.137-160
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    • 2018
  • 본 논문은 도덕 판단에서 나타나는 도덕-인습 구분에 관한 최근의 논쟁들을 개관하고 그 함의를 검토하고자 한다. 전통적인 도덕 판단에 대한 연구들은 규범 위반에 대한 판단에서 타인의 규범 위반 행위에 대한 평가와 함께 위반한 규범의 도덕-인습 차원에서의 분류를 함께 고려해왔다. Kohlberg와 Piaget의 인지 발달 이론을 발전시킨 Turiel(1983)은 도덕 원칙이 인습과 명확하게 구별된다고 보고 도덕-인습 구분의 기준을 제시하였다. 도덕은 보살핌과 정의의 영역에 특수하며, 보편성/객관성을 지닌다는 것이다. 이러한 관점은 전통적인 도덕 심리학에서 일반적으로 받아들여져 왔으나 최근 들어 지속적인 도전을 받아왔다. 본 논문에서는 도덕-인습 구분 기준에 대한 비판을 도덕 감정 이론(moral sentimentalism)과 도덕 지역주의(moral parochialism), 도덕 다원주의(moral pluralism)로 구분하여 살펴본다. 도덕 감정 이론은 도덕 판단에서 정서의 역할을 강조하며 도덕과 인습이 정서-비정서 차원의 연속선상에 혼재할 수 있다고 제안한다. 도덕 지역주의는 인류학과 비교문화 심리학의 연구 결과들을 바탕으로, 규범 위반 행위가 집단의 유지와 집단 내 개인의 존속에 의미가 있는 경우에만 규범 위반에 대한 부정적 평가와 처벌 의사가 강하게 형성될 수 있기 때문에 도덕 위반에 대한 판단도 인습에 대한 판단만큼이나 상대적일 수 있다고 주장한다. 도덕 다원주의에서는 문화와 개인차에 따라서 다양한 종류의 도덕적 직관이 존재할 수 있다는 점에서 보살핌과 정의의 차원만 도덕에 해당한다는 가정에 의문을 제기한다. 이러한 새로운 관점들은 기존의 합리주의적 도덕 발달 이론에서 가정하였던 도덕-인습의 구분이 사람들이 실제로 규범 위반을 판단하는 양상을 적절하게 반영하지 않을 수도 있음을 시사하며 체계적인 후속 연구의 필요성을 제안한다.

지역축제의 지방화: 춘천마임축제 사례 (The Localization of the Chuncheon Mime Festival as a Regional Festival)

  • 김창환;신영근;정성훈
    • 한국지역지리학회지
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    • 제12권1호
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    • pp.31-43
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    • 2006
  • 이 연구는 춘천마임축제를 사례로 지역축제의 지방화과정을 고찰하였다. 춘천마임축제의 역사와 지방화 과정은 1기 축제발생기($1989{\sim}1993$), 제2기 축제성장기($1994{\sim}1997$), 제3기 축제정착 및 확산기($1998{\sim}2004$)로 요약될 수 있다. 이와 같은 지방화 과정을 통해 춘천마임축제는 경제적 측면뿐만 아니라 사회 문화적 면에서도 많은 기여를 하면서 지역축제의 선순환 구조를 정착시켰다. 춘천마임축제의 성공적인 지방화 과정은 '축제의 비전제시자 정부-참여자'간 성공적인 결합과, 문화적 요소의 새로운 공간창출능력(문화의 공간생산능력)과 새로운 공간에서 기존 문화를 흡수 재창출하는 지역의 문화혁신역량(공간점유자들의 의한 문화생산역량) 간 상호작용의 결과이다.

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SURFACE MICROGROOVES OF THIRTY MICROMETERS IN WIDTH ON TITANIUM SUBSTRATA ENHANCE PROLIFERATION AND ALTER GENE EXPRESSION OF CULTURED HUMAN GINGIVAL FIBROBLASTS

  • Lee, Suk-Won;Kim, Su-Yeon;Lee, Keun-Woo
    • 대한치과보철학회지
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    • 제45권6호
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    • pp.787-794
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    • 2007
  • Statement of problem. Surface microgrooves on Ti substrata have been shown to alter the expression of genes responsible for various biological activities of cultured fibroblasts. However, their effect on enhancing cell proliferation is not yet clear. Purpose. The purpose of this study was to determine the dimension of surface microgrooves on Ti substrata that enhances proliferation and alters gene expression of cultured human gingival fibroblasts. Material and methods. Commercially pure Ti discs with surface microgrooves of monotonous $3.5{\mu}m$ in depth and respective 15 and $30{\mu}m$ in width were fabricated using photolithography and used as the culture substrata in the two experimental groups in this study (TiD15 and TiD30), whereas the smooth Ti was used as the control substrata (smooth Ti group). Human gingival fibroblasts were cultured on the three groups of titanium substrata and the proliferation, DNA synthesis, and gene expression of theses cells were analyzed and compared between all groups using XTT assay, BrdU assay, and reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), respectively. Results. From the XTT assay at 48 h incubation, the proliferation of human gingival fibroblasts in TiD30 was significantly enhanced compared to that in smooth Ti and TiD15. The results from the BrdU assay showed that, at 24 h incubation, the DNA synthesis was significantly enhanced in TiD30 compared to that in smooth Ti. In RT-PCR, increase in the expression of PCR transcripts of fibronectin, CDK6, $p21^{cip1}$ genes was noted at 48h incubation. Conclusion. Surface microgrooves $30{\mu}m$ in width and $3.5{\mu}m$ in depth on Ti substrata enhance proliferation and alter gene expression of cultured human gingival fibroblasts.

패션텍스타일 디자인의 디지털화 연구 -디지털화에 따른 패션텍스타일 CAD디자인의 활용가치 연구- (A Study on Digitalization of Fashion Textile Design - A Study of Fashion Textile CAD Design According to Digitalization -)

  • 강혜승;권민희
    • 디자인학연구
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    • 제17권1호
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    • pp.289-298
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    • 2004
  • 패션텍스타일 산업의 미래를 제시할 수 있는 패션텍스타일 전용 CAD 시스템의 개발은 디지털 기술의 발달과 함께 가속화되고 있다. 이러한 디지털 문화 기반의 구축은 패션텍스타일 산업에서도 고부가가치의 상품개발과 신속한 생산체제의 변화가 요구되며, 이런 욕구에 충족할 수 있는 전용 프로그램들이 개발되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 디지털 패션텍스타일의 변화와 디자인 시스템의 구성과 특징을 고찰하고 디지털 패션텍스타일 디자인 전개방법을 비교분석하였다. 또한 기존 그래픽프로그램과 차별화되어 개발되고 있는 창의적인 디지털 패턴디자인의 전개와 변형, 적합한 직물 텍스츄어의 표현, 3D모델링을 통한 시뮬레이션효과를 체계적으로 정립하였다. 패션텍스타일 CAD시스템의 활용을 디자인적 측면과 생산적인 측면으로 나누어 패션텍스타일 디자인 전용 CAD의 활용 가치를 높이는데 중점을 두었다.

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욕설의 형성과정에 관한 소고 (On the Development of Swear Words)

  • 윤재학
    • 비교문화연구
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    • 제35권
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    • pp.237-268
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    • 2014
  • Examining swear words found in Korean and English, we aim to answer the following two questions: (i) 'What words develop into swear words?' and (ii) 'Why they do?' The utility of a swear word is frequently recognized as intimidation directed towards an opponent, emotional catharsis, and solidarity building among in-group members (Jay 1992, 2000, Kim 1997). We seek to go beyond this simple enumeration of possible functions of swearing and suggest an underlying mechanism at work to explain how these functions are achieved and why only certain types of words are employed in this pursuit. A close examination reveals that a swear word must contain either taboo or sadism as an essential component. Sexual pleasure adds another dimension to the basic components. Thus, if an expression contains a subset of the component set {taboo, sadism, sex} in its semantics, it becomes available for swearing (one of the underlined components must be included in the set). For example, many religiously sacred expressions and words for excretion are common swear words as they violate social and religious taboo. On the other hand, words referring to social minorities are a convenient target for sadism. Furthermore, words describing sexual activity contain all three components, violating social taboo, evoking sadism, and giving the initiator guilty sexual pleasure. A combination of the components can produce an emotional effect called catharsis for the initiator. When directed towards others, these components, especially taboo and sadism, can be exploited as a verbal attack, an intimidation, preceding or replacing a physical attack. However, solidarity building is analyzed as a secondary function of swearing, achieved by sharing a sense of accomplice when in-group members behave badly together, such as violating social taboo and committing sadism.

AHP 분석을 활용한 Facility Management(FM) 기업의 선택 요인에 관한 연구 (A Study in the Selection Factors of Facility Management(FM) Enterprises Using AHP Analysis)

  • 한상훈;김승철;박소현
    • 산업경영시스템학회지
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    • 제42권3호
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    • pp.193-205
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    • 2019
  • Looking at recent safety accidents in buildings, most of them due to lack of FM expertise, and this is due to human resources. In each all industry areas, some companies are competitive, representational, and leading in the market through long-term expertise and research in their respective fields. In the field of FM industry, some companies offer core-competencies in internal and external innovative building management through competition with others. However, old custom and old management form still exist in the FM field. However, an old custom and old management system still exist in the FM field; it forces cost-cutting and caused by carelessness in technical development competitiveness and safety measures. The government control by safety inspection and facility inspection through legislation of building management, but the management is still weak as a side of in the facility management section due to inspect sth as a mere formality and submit a paper report. These facts exist different kind of usage of the building have a three-party encounter between a building owner, user, and FM enterprises. In this research identify survey, especially building owner (manager)'s choice perception priority for optional factors to choose FM enterprises. Based on this, FM enterprises will be forced to seek a new dimension for better building management. In this light, the purpose of the research is to shape changes in the FM market culture safely and providing better service in building management and understanding building owner's insight through this research's information.