• 항공우주시스템공학회지
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.7-12
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• 2008

The three-dimensional finite element modeling of a composite rotor blade is very hard and requires much computation effort. The efficient method to model a composite beam is necessary for the dynamic and aeroelastic analyses of rotor blades. In this study, the beam modeling method of a composite rotor blade is studied using VABS. The computer program, VABS (Variational Asymptotic Beam Section Analysis), uses the variational asymptotic method to split a 3-D nonlinear elasticity problem into 2-D cross-sectional analysis and 1-D nonlinear beam problem. The VABS can produce the sectional stiffness coefficients of composite rotor blades with various cross section and initial twist/curvatures, and recover the original 3-D distribution of displacement/strain/stress fields. The results of various cross section beams show that VABS gives us the accurate results comparared to commercial codes and does not need much computation effort. It can be concluded that VABS provides the efficient method to establish the FE model of a composite rotor blade.

• 한국지반공학회논문집
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• 제21권5호
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• pp.25-32
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• 2005

일반적으로 압밀계수는 일차원 압밀이론에 근거한 표준압밀시험을 이용하여 평가된다 하지만 실제 현장에서는 압밀 중 3차원적으로 응력 및 변형이 발생하게 된다. 본 연구에서는 실제 현장에서 발생 가능한 다양한 응력-변형 조건을 고려한 새로운 압밀계수 평가방법을 제안하였다. 제안된 방법에 의한 과잉간극수압 소산양상 예측 결과는 실측치와 매우 잘 일치하였으며, 따라서 본 연구에서 제안된 방법을 이용하는 경우 지반의 압밀 속도를 보다 정확하게 예측할 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.

• 대한토목학회논문집
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.15-26
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• 1991

지진이나 바람과 같은 횡방향 하중이 가해졌을 때, 일반적으로 수직한 축에 대해서만 대칭인 단명을 갖는 교량의 주형은 횡방향 휨과 비틀림이 결합된 거동을 하게되어 특히 사장교의 케이블등에는 예상치 못했던 추가응력이 유발될 수 있다. 이러한 거동은 일반적인 뼈대요소로는 해석할 수 없으므로, 본 연구에서는 가상일의 원리와 운동에너지로 부터 임의의 단면형상을 갖는 기하학적 비선형 3차원 뼈대요소의 강도매트릭스와 질량매트릭스를 유도하여 주형을 모델링하고, 케이블요소는 Ernst가 제안한 등가탄성계수를 사용한다. 그리고 해석예를 통하여 이론의 타당성을 검증한 후, 3차원 사장교 모델의 고유진동해석을 수행하여 주형의 휨-비틀림 결합작용을 연구한다.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• 제25권6호
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• pp.649-661
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• 2017

This paper is motivated by the lack of studies in the technical literature concerning to the influence of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) waviness and aspect ratio on the vibrational behavior of functionally graded nanocomposite annular sector plates resting on two-parameter elastic foundations. The carbon nanotube-reinforced (CNTR) plate has smooth variation of CNT fraction based on the power-law distribution in the thickness direction, and the material properties are also estimated by the extended rule of mixture. In this study, the classical theory concerning the mechanical efficiency of a matrix embedding finite length fibers has been modified by introducing the tube-to-tube random contact, which explicitly accounts for the progressive reduction of the tubes' effective aspect ratio as the filler content increases. Parametric studies are carried out to highlight the influence of CNTs volume fraction, waviness and aspect ratio, boundary conditions and elastic foundation on vibrational behavior of FG-CNT thick sectorial plates. The study is carried out based on three-dimensional theory of elasticity and in contrary to two-dimensional theories, such as classical, the first- and the higher-order shear deformation plate theories, this approach does not neglect transverse normal deformations. The annular sector plate is assumed to be simply supported in the radial edges while any arbitrary boundary conditions are applied to the other two circular edges including simply supported, clamped and free. For an overall comprehension on 3-D vibration of annular sector plates, some mode shape contour plots are reported in this research work.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제73권3호
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• pp.259-269
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• 2020

In this paper, bending-stretching analysis of thick functionally graded piezoelectric rectangular plates is studied using the higher-order shear and normal deformable plate theory. On the basis of this theory, Legendre polynomials are used for approximating the components of displacement field. Also, the effects of both normal and shear deformations are encountered in the theory. The governing equations are derived using the principle of virtual work and variational approach. It is assumed that plate is made of piezoelectric materials with functionally graded distribution of material properties. Hence, exponential function is used to modify mechanical and electrical properties through the thickness of the plate. Finally, the effect of material properties, electrical boundary conditions and dimensions are investigated on the static response of plate. Also, it is shown that results of the presented model are close to the three dimensional elasticity solutions.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제66권5호
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• pp.665-676
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• 2018

In this study, a four-node quadrilateral partial mixed plate element with low degrees of freedom (dofs) is developed for static and free vibration analysis of functionally graded material (FGM) plates rested on Winkler-Pasternak elastic foundations. The formulation of the presented finite element model is based on a parametrized mixed variational principle which is developed recently by the first author. The presented finite element model considers the effects of shear deformations and normal flexibility of the FGM plates without using any shear correction factor. It also fulfills the boundary conditions of the transverse shear and normal stresses on the top and bottom surfaces of the plate. Beside these capabilities, the number of unknown field variables of the plate is only six. The presented partial mixed finite element model has been validated through comparison with the results of the three-dimensional (3D) theory of elasticity and the results obtained from the classical and high-order plate theories available in the open literature.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제55권3호
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• pp.473-494
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• 2015

A graded harmonic finite element formulation based on three-dimensional elasticity theory is developed for the structural analysis of 2D functionally graded axisymmetric structures. The mechanical properties of the axisymmetric solid structures composed of two different metals and ceramics are assumed to vary in radial and axial directions according to power law variations as a function of the volume fractions of the constituents. The material properties of the graded element are calculated at the integration points. Effects of material distribution profile on the static deformation, natural frequency and dynamic response analyses of particular axisymmetric solid structures are investigated by changing the power law exponents. It is observed that the displacements, stresses and natural frequencies are severely affected by the variation of axial and radial power law exponents. Good accuracy is obtained with fewer elements in the present study since Fourier series expansion eliminates the need of finite element mesh in circumferential direction and continuous material property distribution within the elements improves accuracy without refining the mesh size in axial and radial directions.

• 대한기계학회논문집
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• 제16권12호
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• pp.2241-2251
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• 1992

본 연구에서는 Fig.1에서와 같은 축대칭 평판과 속이 찬 실린더(이하 단순히 실린더라고만 칭함)가 붙은 구조물에서 실린더의 끝단효과가 응력분포에 미치는 영향 을 해석해를 사용하여 고려해 보고자 한다. 이를 위해 얇은 평판에서는 2차원 고전 평판 이론을, 등방성 실린더에서는 끝단효과를 고려하기 위해서 3차원 선형 탄성이론 을 사용하고자 한다. 실린더와 평판의 접합부에서, 평판의 이차원 해와 실린더의 3 차원 해를 연결시키기 위해 접합부에서의 실린더의 유연성을 나타내는 유연성 행렬을 유도한다. 이러한 실린더의 유연성 행렬은 원형평판의 내부 경계조건으로 사용되는 데, 이와 유사한 해석절차는 셀구조물에 활용되어 왔다.

• 대한기계학회논문집A
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• 제21권11호
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• pp.1757-1764
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• 1997

The geometric and elastic models based on the unit cell have been proposed to predict the geometric characteristics and the engineering constants of plain and satin woven composites. In the geometric model, length and inclined angle of the yarn crimp and the fiber volume fraction of woven composites have been predicted. In the elastic model, the coordinate transformation has been utilized to transform the elastic constants of the yarn crimp to those of woven composites, and the effective elastic constants have been determined from the volume averaging of the constituent materials. Good correlations between the model predictions and the experimental results of carbon/epoxy and glass/epoxy woven composites have been observed. Based on the model, the effect of various geometric parameters and materials on the three-dimensional elastic properties of woven composites can be identified.

• Interaction and multiscale mechanics
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• 제4권3호
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• pp.219-237
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• 2011

Recent advances in scientific computing enable the full atomistic simulation of DNA molecules. However, there exists length and time scale limitations in molecular dynamics (MD) simulation for large DNA molecules. In this work, a two-level homogenization of DNA molecules is proposed. A wavelet projection method is first introduced to form a coarse-grained DNA molecule represented with superatoms. The coarsened MD model offers a simplified molecular structure for the continuum description of DNA molecules. The coarsened DNA molecular structure is then homogenized into a three-dimensional beam with embedded molecular properties. The methods to determine the elasticity constants in the continuum model are also presented. The proposed continuum model is adopted for the study of mechanical behavior of DNA loop.