• 대한물리치료과학회지
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.102-108
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• 2003

The purpose of this study was to determine the changes of skin temperature and subjective fatigue of the thoracic vertebrae by the chiropractic adjustments. Stimulation of the sympathetic nervous system will cause the changes in the skin blood flow which can be detected by measuring the skin surface temperature. This study was to see whether chiropractic adjustments could affect the activity of the sympathetic nervous system as reflected by changes in skin temperature of the thoracic. Skin temperature and subjective fatigue on 16 subjects was measured before, within 10 sec, 10min, 20min and 30 min after a thoracic adjustment with Digital Infrared Thermal Imaging(DITI) and Visual Analogue Scale(VAS). The adjustments consisted of a straight posterior-to-anterior high-speed, low-amplitude thrust to the transverse process of T3-T10 using a reinforced hypothenar contact. The average temperature and fatigue changed when the spine was considered as an entire unit. These results illustrate that the blood flow through the soft tissue can be affected by specific adjustments to the spine. This study might be served as an useful baseline data for the changes of the circulation and fatigue after the chiropractic adjustments.

• 대한물리의학회지
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.33-42
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• 2017

PURPOSE: This study aims to identify the immediate effects of thoracic mobilization according to segment on disabling low-back pain and the range of motion in patients with chronic low-back pain. METHODS: The participants were divided randomly into two groups: a group (N=12) with pain and disability between the 5th and 9th thoracic vertebrae (T5-T9) and a group (N=12) with pain and disability between the 10th and 12th thoracic vertebrae (T10-T12). The same experiment was conducted in both groups: 10 minutes of thoracic mobilization and 10 minutes of functional massage. The visual analogue scale (VAS) and range of motion measurements were applied to the participants in both groups. All participants were measured again immediately after the program was completed. RESULTS: In both groups, the VAS and range of motion measurements showed statistically significant improvement after the experiment (p<.05). No statistically significant difference was revealed between the two groups (p>.05). CONCLUSION: The results of this study confirmed positive and immediate effects of thoracic mobilization of patients with chronic low-back pain. But, no significant difference in the thoracic mobilization by segment between the two groups. Based on these results, thoracic mobilization could help to improve pain control and functional activity in patients with chronic low-back pain.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제64권6호
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• pp.922-932
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• 2021

Objective : It is challenging to make solid fusion by posterior screw fixation and laminectomy with posterolateral fusion (PLF) in thoracic and thoracolumbar (TL) diseases. In this study, we report our experience and follow-up results with a new surgical technique entitled posterior thoracic cage interbody fusion (PTCIF) for thoracic and TL spine in comparison with conventional PLF. Methods : After institutional review board approval, a total of 57 patients who underwent PTCIF (n=30) and conventional PLF (n=27) for decompression and fusion in thoracic and TL spine between 2004 and 2019 were analyzed. Clinical outcomes and radiological parameters, including bone fusion, regional Cobb angle, and proximal junctional Cobb angle, were evaluated. Results : In PTCIF and conventional PLF, the mean age was 61.2 and 58.2 years (p=0.46), and the numbers of levels fused were 2.8 and 3.1 (p=0.46), respectively. Every patient showed functional improvement except one case of PTCIF. Postoperative hematoma as a perioperative complication occurred in one and three cases, respectively. The mean difference in the regional Cobb angle immediately after surgery compared with that of the last follow-up was 1.4° in PTCIF and 7.6° in conventional PLF (p=0.003), respectively. The mean durations of postoperative follow-up were 35.6 months in PTCIF and 37.3 months in conventional PLF (p=0.86). Conclusion : PTCIF is an effective fusion method in decompression and fixation surgery with good clinical outcomes for various spinal diseases in the thoracic and TL spine. It provides more stable bone fusion than conventional PLF by anterior column support.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제23권7호
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• pp.854-862
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• 2013

포유류 중 돼지의 척추 중 요추, 흉추의 수는 고정되지 않은 형질로 개체간의 차이를 나타내는 것으로 알려져 있다. 본 연구는 제주재래흑돼지와 Landrace, 두 품종 간 $F_2$ 교배집단에서 경추 수, 흉추 수, 요추 수, 척추 수 등 체형관련 형질과 도체형질의 상관관계를 살펴보기 위해 수행되었다. 세 축군 모두 경추 수의 변이는 나타나지 않았으나, 흉추 수, 요추 수, 척추 수는 상이한 양상을 보였다. 도체형질의 성적과 요추 수만이 세 축군들 사이에서 통계적인 유의성을 나타내지 않았고(p>0.05), 도체중, 육색, 근내지방도, 등심단면적, 등지방두께, 도체장, 흉추수, 척추 수 등은 통계적인 유의성을 나타내었다(p<0.05). 제주재래흑돼지는 흉추 수 14-16 개, 요추 수 5-6 개, 척추 수 27-29 개의 범위, Landrace는 흉추 수 15-16 개, 요추 수 5-7 개, 전체 척추 수 28-29 개, $F_2$ 교배집단은 흉추 수 14-17, 요추 수 5-7 개, 전체 척추 수 27-30 개로 확인되었다. $F_2$ 교배집단에서 흉추 수와 척추 수의 증가는 도체중, 도체장, 등지방두께의 평균이 유의적으로 다른 양상을 보인다(p<0.05). 또한 척추 수의 증가는 요추 수의 증가보다 흉추 수의 증가에 더 많은 영향을 받는 것으로 나타났다. 흉추 수 및 척추 수의 증가가 등지방두께를 점점 두껍게 만들기는 하지만, 도체중과 도체장 등 경제성을 결정하는 핵심적인 도체형질을 향상시킨다는 점은 추후 제주재래흑돼지나 Landrace 품종을 활용한 양돈산업에서 체형개선을 통한 생산성 증가를 유발할 수 있는 좋은 전략이 될 것으로 판단된다.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제40권1호
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• pp.47-50
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• 2006

This 51-year-old man suffered from paraparesis of 1-week history. On preoperative images, spinal cord compression by infiltrative vertebral mass was shown at T3 and T4 level. Several months earlier, he underwent surgical resection of left 2nd to 4th ribs, due to painful growing chest wall mass, which was proved to be hepatocellular carcinoma. All available diagnostic procedure failed to uncover origin of malignancy. Operation was followed by adjuvant irradiation and chemotherapy to the vertebral mass, however he only to die in 3 months after operation. This is an extremely rare case of ectopic hepatocellular carcinoma at thoracic vertebrae which showed very aggressive clinical course. Possible pathogenic process is presented and discussed.

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제40권2호
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• pp.119-123
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• 2023

Although various imaging evaluation methods have been developed and utilized, thoracic radiography remains essential and is the top priority for diagnosing and managing cardiac diseases. Thoracic radiographic measurements associated with the vertebral heart scale (VHS) and caudal vena cava (CVC) can objectively diagnose cardiac disease in many animals. In particular, VHS measurement is primarily used to evaluate the dimensions of the heart size on thoracic radiographs and can measure cardiomegaly more objectively. Additionally, the value of the CVC compared with the aorta (Ao) and the length of vertebrae (VL) can be used as valuable parameters in right congestive heart failure. To describe the CVC/Ao and CVC/VL ratios in 10 long-tailed gorals (Naemorhedus caudatus) without subjective radiographic evidence of cardiac diseases. The VHS, CVC, Ao, and VL of gorals were measured in the right lateral (RL) view of the thoracic radiographs. In the RL view of 10 gorals, the VHS was 9.31 ± 0.55 vertebrae (v), the CVC/Ao ratio was 0.84 ± 0.13, and the CVC/VL ratio was 0.67 ± 0.09. Additionally, the thoracic morphology of gorals was determined to be intermediate (thoracic depth-to-width ratio, 1.04 ± 0.09, 0.75-1.25). This study confirmed that VHS was significantly correlated with CVC and Ao, and measuring and comparing each value would help diagnose cardiac diseases in gorals. The radiographic measurements in this study will allow veterinarians to diagnose several cardiac diseases in gorals.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• 제39권3호
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• pp.190-199
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• 2022

Ultrasound-guided injection is useful for managing thoracic spine and chest wall pain. With ultrasound, pain physicians perform the injection with real-time viewing of major structures, such as the pleura, vasculature, and nerves. Therefore, the ultrasound-guided injection procedure not only prevents procedure-related adverse events but also increases the accuracy of the procedure. Here, ultrasound-guided interventions that could be applied for thoracic spine and chest wall pain were described. We presented ultrasound-guided thoracic facet joint and costotransverse joint injections and thoracic paravertebral, intercostal nerve, erector spinae plane, and pectoralis and serratus plane blocks. The indication, anatomy, Sonoanatomy, and technique for each procedure were also described. We believe that our article is helpful for clinicians to conduct ultrasound-guided injections for controlling thoracic spine and chest wall pain precisely and safely.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제42권2호
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• pp.131-136
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• 2002

The vertebrae of female African elephant (Loxodonta africana) of twenty-eight years old were observed macroscopically. The result was summarized as follows; the vertebral formula of African elephant was $C_7$ $T_{21}$ $L_3$ $S_4$ $Cd_{21}$. The total length of the vertebral column removed intervertebreal disks was 353 cm. The length of each segment of vertebral column was 44 cm in cervical, 142 cm in thoracic, 21 cm in lumbar, 27 cm in sacral and 119 cm in caudal vertebrae. The 17th and 18th thoracic vertebrae (T) were partially fused each other in four parts: the transverse processes of 17th and 18th T, caudal articular process of 17th T and cranial articular process of 18th T, left mammilary process of 18th T and left transverse process of 17th T, and vertebral arch of 17th and 18th T, respectively. Others partial fusions also observed among the third luwbar, sacrum and ilium. These were in between transverse process of third lumbar vertebra and cranial parts of wing of sacrum, lateral part of sacrum and tuber sacrale, respectively. The sternum was consisted of three pieces; one is a part of anterior prestemum, two is the part from caudal demifacet at second facet to cranial demifacet at third facet in middle mesosternum, which is divided vertically into an half at second and third facets, respectively, and the last is the part between caudal demifacet of third facet in middle mesosternum and the posterior xiphisternum. There are 21 pairs of ribs, six sternal, ten asternal ribs and the last five being floating ribs.

• 한국방사선학회논문지
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.351-357
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• 2023

본 연구는 엑스선 등뼈 사위촬영에서 등뼈의 돌기사이관절 및 고리뿌리의 선예한 영상을 얻어 진단하고자 대학병원 영상의학과 방사선사 5명에게 주관적 평가 ROC 평가를 받아다. 주관적 평가에서 등뼈 엑스선 촬영에서 팬톰을 바로누운자세에서 LAO로 70° 기울게 하고 엑스선관을 머리 쪽 향하여 5°에서 20점을 받아 가장 높은 점수를 얻었다. 또한, 팬톰을 엎드려서 RAO로 60° 기울게 하고 엑스선관을 머리쪽을 향하여 8°에서 19점으로 가장 높은 점수를 받았다. 객관적 평가를 위하여 신호대 잡음비(SNR)를 산출했다. 영상신호 평균값(Mean값)과 표준편차(SD값)를 획득하기 위하여 1,564 mm²에서 ROI를 설정하였다. 객관적 평가는 등뼈 사위촬영, 바로누운자세는 팬톰을 LPO 70° 기울게 한 자세는 엑스선관을 머리쪽을 향하여 5°에서 신호대 잡음비가 6.154로 가장 높았으며, 또한 팬톰을 엎드려서 RAO 60° 와 엑스선관을 머리쪽을 향하여 8°에서 5,645으로 가장 높았다.

• 국제물리치료학회지
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.1513-1516
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• 2018

The purpose of this study was to identify the effect of upper thoracic mobilization on cervical alignment in stroke patients with forward head posture. The subject's of this study were two stroke patients with forward head posture and a cervical curve angle (four-line Cobb's method; FLCM) less than $40^{\circ}$. The intervention, central posterior-anterior (PA) mobilization, was applied to the T1-T4 vertebrae (upper thoracic spine) following the Maitland concept. This mobilization was applied three times per week for four weeks. In the results, the cervical curve angle (FLCM) increased for both subject 1 and 2. However, Jochumsen method score was decreased in subject 1, while it was increased in subject 2. These results demonstrate that upper thoracic mobilization had the positive effect on the cervical curve angle but not on Jochumsen method score. These findings suggest that PA mobilization on the upper thoracic spine could correct cervical curve angle measured by FLMC in stroke patients with FHP.