• Journal of the Korean Institute of Educational Facilities
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• v.23 no.6
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• pp.19-26
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• 2016

In this study, moving awareness of students having different physical conditions in homebase and attitudes of students to spacial use in user's aspect were analyzed. As shown in the results, the dissatisfaction degree of the second grade using homebase type was higher than the first and the third grades using exclusive space for a class, homeroom type. The necessity of exclusive space for a class was highly shown in the second grade students. Students of the first and the third grades showed similar pattern in using frequency of homeroom. The results showed that behavior pattern of students was different with their physical conditions. Especially, factors showing obvious differences between the two groups were possession awareness of their belongings, tendency to route choice of high frequency, stay awareness of main stay in time to rest and point of time using restroom. These results will be useful to design various models in variation type of schools.

• The Bulletin of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.42 no.2
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• pp.62.2-62.2
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• 2017

We have made an investigation on the radial and azimuthal wave modes of full halo coronal mass ejections (HCMEs). For this, we consider 24 HCMEs which are simultaneously observed by SOHO and STEREO A & B from August 2010 to August 2012 when they were roughly in quadrature. Using the SOHO/LASCO C3 and STEREO COR2 A & B running difference images, we estimate the instantaneous apparent speeds of the HCMEs at 24 different position angles. Major results from this study are as follows. First, there are quasi-periodic variations of the instantaneous radial velocity with the periods ranging from 24 to 48 mins. Second, the amplitudes of instant speed variations are about a third of the projected speeds. Third, the amplitudes are found to have a weak anti-correlation with period. Our preliminary identification from SOHO observations shows that there are several distinct radial and azimuthal wave modes: m=0 (radial) for five events, m=1 for eleven events, m=2 for three events, and unclear for the other events. In addition, we are making a statistical investigation on the oscillation of 733 CMEs to understand their physical origins.

• The Bulletin of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.43 no.2
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• pp.47.1-47.1
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• 2018

Solar cycles are inherent to the Sun, which experiences temporal changes in its magnetic activity via the surface distribution of the solar magnetic field. This raises a fundamental question of how to derive the distribution characteristics of a solar-surface magnetic field that are responsible for individual solar cycles. We present a new approach to deriving as long-term and large-scale distribution characteristics of this quantity as was ever obtained; that is, we conducted a population ecological analysis of Wilcox Solar Observatory (WSO) Synoptic Charts which provide a more than 40-year time series of latitude-longitude maps of solar-surface magnetic fields. In this approach, solar-surface magnetic fields are assumed as hypothetical trees with magnetic polarities (magnetic trees) distributed on the Sun. Accordingly, we identified a peculiarity of cycle 23 with a longer period than an average period of 11 years; specifically we found that the negative surface magnetic field had much more clumped distributions than the positive surface magnetic field during the first one-third of this cycle, while the latter was dominant over the former. The Sun eventually spent more than one-third of cycle 23 recovering from these imbalances.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.33 no.5
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• pp.401-406
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• 2011

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate changes in the position of the hyoid bone and soft palate and the amount of airway space after bilateral sagittal split ramus osteotomy (B-SSRO). Methods: This study is a review of lateral cephalometric tracings of 30 patients who underwent B-SSRO with setbacks at Kyunghee Dental Hospital from 2005 to 2009. Lateral cephalograms were taken before (T0), within one month (T1), and more than six months after the surgery (T2). Results: The hyoid bone at T1 changed significantly towards the inferoposterior position. At T2, it had significantly moved superiorly, but not anteriorly. At T1, the nasopharyngeal space, extending from the posterior nasal spine to the posterior pharyngeal space, decreased significantly, but did not show a significant increase at T2. The nasopharyngeal space, extending from the middle of soft palate to the posterior pharyngeal space, decreased significantly at T1, but did not show a significant decrease at T2. The oropharyngeal airway space decreased significantly at T1 and did not return to its original position at T2. The hypopharyngeal space, extending from the anterior to the posterior pharyngeal space at the level of the most anterior point of the third cervical vertebrae, slightly decreased at T1, but the amount was insignificant; however, the amount of decrease at T2 was significant. The hypopharyngeal space extending from the anterior to the posterior pharyngeal space at the level of the lowest point of the third cervical vertebrae, decreased significantly at T1 but returned to its original position at T2. Conclusion: B-SSRO changes the position of the hyoid bone and muscles inferoposteriorly. These change allows enough space for the tongue and prevent airway obstruction. Airway changes may be related to post-operative edema, posterior movement of the soft palate, anteroposterior movement of the hyoid bone, or compensation for decreased oral cavity volume. The position of the pogonion which measures anterior relapse after surgery did not show significant differences during the follow-up period.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• no.25
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• pp.11-17
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• 2000

The purpose of this study is to suggest a new system and standards of system furniture for promoting the efficiency of a l living space in order to cope with any possible change of a resident’s lifestyle. For this purpose, the study premises that the i idea of "flexibility" can provide a solution to problems with the resident’s current living space, and furthermore, it can fulfill the r resident’ s needs of a flexible living space. T To decide the needs of the flexibility of a living space, this paper examined and analyzed sever머 studies on the necessity of t the flexibility of a living space according to changes of one's lifestyle, characteristics and problems of each type of existing f furniture, and applications of each type of system furniture and it's flexibility. The results of this study is as follows: First, a new furniture system is necessary so that a resident can adjust one’s living space. Second, a plan for flexible interior s space can meet a current resident's demand of a flexible living space, not to mention an initial resident's .. Third, a systematic plan is needed to install system furniture in a living space to cope with changes of a resident’s lifestyle.s lifestyle.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.17 no.6
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• pp.178-187
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• 2008

This study aims to analyze general features and forms of spatial structure of major space in museums and for the scope of this study, set up major space and the surrounding areas structured around major space and for the target of analysis, selected 10 museums of overseas examples from 19th century to 2006. And this study on focus, on the circulation structure and visual structure will be analyzed in qualitative method by focusing on the floor plan and section structures; deepening process of analysis, visual structure will turn into numerical value to analyze the spatial structure of the major space. The results of this study are as follow. First, vertical elements should be critically considered in a circulation plan for functional performance of dimensional circulation distribution in a major space. Second, a plan by location of vertical and horizontal moving elements related to a major space affects a circulation relation more than a connection type between a major space and an exhibition area. Third, it could be categorized into 4 types by considering the features of spatial structure followed by connecting relationship between areas. Fourth, comparable figures were drawn out among large space and surrounding areas but it couldn't draw out types.

• KIEAE Journal
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• v.10 no.5
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• pp.77-85
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• 2010

The library is the most frequently utilized building on campus, but, it has been reported to be a facility most vulnerable to crime. However, almost no study has been conducted on crime in the library, which implies a need for research on the subject. The purpose of this study is specifically twofold. First, this study will suggest components of environmental plan to prevent fear over library crime on campus. Second, the study seeks to reveal the correlation between use per library space and fear of crime. This has been analyzed by conducting a survey among current university students, and the survey includes the following three details: first, fear over day/night crime per library space; second, components of environmental plan to prevent fear over crime per library space; third, level of use per library space on campus. The results of study show that fear of crime has low relation with crime occurrence, fear per library space is higher during the night than during the day, and the space where the fear level is usually high is the service facility. There is a difference for each space in terms of important components of environmental plan to prevent crime per library space, and installation of security device is most important. One must consider a plan for a crime safe environment regarding library space where the level of use during the day is low.

• International Journal of Advanced Culture Technology
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.167-173
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• 2021

As population inflows into the city and the traffic volume increases, a three-dimensional transportation system was developed, and as a result, the lower space of the viaduct was formed. Since the space under viaduct includes factors such as shadow, noise, vibration, and disconnection between regions, efforts have been made to prevent slumming and help form local communities by activating them. This study intends to derive analysis based on locality, functionality, and communication for a variety of access to the lower space of an overpass, and analyze cases based on the result. We have the results through analysis are as follows. First, the space under the viaduct has been turned into a slum due poor accessibility and utilization, and local residents and local government also neglected the space. However, it appears to be a space with high potential utilization. Second, by giving diversity to the lower space of the viaduct and cultivating spatial identity, the space was activated and connected with the surroundings by providing a more pleasant environment. Third, accessibility was improved by providing a complex functional and aesthetic environment, and by providing various programs that could form a community among residents, voluntary and active participation was elicited.

• Publications of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.209-211
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• 2017

We performed Principle Component Analysis (PCA) over 264 galaxies in the IRAS Revised Bright Galaxy Sample (Sanders et al., 2003) using 12, 25, 60 and $100{\mu}m$ flux data observed by IRAS and 9, 18, 65, 90 and $140{\mu}m$ flux data observed by AKARI. We found that (i)the first principle component was largely contributed by infrared to visible flux ratio, (ii)the second principal component was largely contributed by the flux ratio between IRAS and AKARI, (iii)the third principle component was largely contributed by infrared colors.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.76-83
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• 2004

Nowadays, our societies use digital technology in new architectural shape and space design to transcend three dimension limit so the boundary of the imagination world and actuality world has been collapsed. Traditional spatial value has been collapsed. Also indetermination and temporary assumption in time, fluidness and dematerialized, simultaneity and reiteration in image are relative with this circumstances. In architectural shape, media characteristics which secede from traditional characteristics of place tectonic value have occurred. Therefore, indifference and interests in shape, inter-permeation in interior and exterior space, homogeneous equivalence spatial extension have occurred. The purpose in this study examines dematerialized in contemporary space design and light materials and also investigates general and architectural background. The results of this study are as follows. First, circumstances of human have changed from physically limited boundary to unfixed, nonphysical, lightness and vague things. Second, casting off volume in shape and also dissembling exclusive and constructive Third, interior and exterior space by transparency intimates media possibility of information screen. Fourth, seek information and organic response, ambivalent transformation, accumulation of image and new mutual understanding system.