• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.41-45
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• 2008

The purpose of this study was to analyze the relationships among zinc status, diet quality, glycemic control and self-rated physical activity level of type 2 diabetic patients. Dietary intakes for two non-consecutive days were measured by 24-hour recall method for seventy-six diabetic patients. Fasting blood glucose and HbA1c were measured for the assessment of glycemic control. We evaluated the extent of dietary adequacy by the percentage of subjects with a dietary intake of a nutrient less than the estimated average requirement(EAR), the dietary diversity score(DDS) and the dietary variety score(DVS). Zinc status was assessed from serum levels and urinary excretion. Dietary inadequacy was serious for five nutrients: riboflavin, calcium, thiamin, zinc and vitamin C. Dietary intakes from the meat, fish, and egg food groups and the milk food group were below the recommended level. We found that subjects with high levels of physical activities had significantly higher DVS and serum zinc levels compared to others (p

• Culinary science and hospitality research
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.52-60
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• 2016

As Korea is expected to become super high aged society in 2026, nutrition is important elements of health in the elderly and affects their life. In epidemiological surveys, anthropometric and biochemical measurements represent important components of nutritional assessment in elderly. In the present study, we investigated anthropometric index, biochemical markers, and nutrient intake for elderly aged over 85 by using data on 71 elderly (24 men, 47 women) over 85 years which was obtained from Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey in 2009. According to BMI values, the prevalence of underweight and obesity was 9.7% and 34.5% in men, and 7.9% and 26.4% in women. The prevalence of sarcopenia was 70.7% in men and 25.0% in women. However, plasma biochemical data are normal range in the older population. In nutrients intake, daily Intake of energy, protein, dietary fiber, water, thiamin, riboflavin, niacin, calcium, and potassium was inadequate considering the Dietary Reference Intakes for Koreans(KDRIs). In conclusion, elderly need to be educated nutrition and their health dietary life to prevent malnutrition, and standard of nutrition intake should be rearranged in elderly aged 85 over considering their antrhopometric index.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.175-184
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• 1989

This survey was carried out to obtain the information concerning nutritional status, including factors of food intake and health condition of elderly women living in Ulsan city. Main results were as follows. 1) Dietary intake data showed the average daily intake of energy, protein, vitamin A, riboflavin and ascorbic acid were lower than Korean recommended dietary allowances (RDA). According to the percentage of RDA, Vitamin A was the nutrient found to be least sufficient. 2) Among the various influencial factors, pocket money, meal-mate, skip meal and health concern influenced on nutrient intake considerably. A meal condition score based on influencial factors, showed significant correlations with all nutrient intake(P<0.001). A health score based n the subjects complains about health condition, showed significant correlations with intake of energy, carbohydrate, thiamin, and niacin(P<0.05). 3) Average hight was below Korea reference, while average body weight of subjects was close to Korean reference. Average body mass index was 23.0. 4) The average systolic and diastolic blood pressure was 140mmHg/88mmHg, the proportion of hypertension was 32.4 percent. The average hemglobin concentration was 12.7g/dl, only 6.7 percent of subjects were anemic. Serum cholesterol concentration was normal range(140~220mg/dl) in all subjects.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.27 no.7
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• pp.729-739
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• 1994

Riboflavin status of 17 insulin-dependent diabetic mellitus(IDDM) patients in growing period was evaluated as a function of energy intake and expenditure, biochemical nutritional status and diabetic control indicators. Compared with recommended dietary allowances for Koreans(RDA, 1989), only 35.3% of subjects was at good levels of all nutrients intakes and 52.9% of subjects was below normal level of height and weight. Nutrients consumed below RDA levels were energy(=88.5% of subjects), niacin(64.7%), iron(52.9%) and protein(23.5%) respectively. The riboflavin status was within normal range by urinary riboflavin excretion but 17.6% of subjects was evaluated as showed riboflavin deficiency by erythrocyte glutathione reductase activity coefficient(EGRAC). Correlation between riboflavin intake, urinary riboflavin excretion, EGRA level and diabetic duration were not statistically significant. Correlation analyses indicated that EGRA level was inversely correlated with thiamin, niacin and cabohydrate intake. No significant correlations were found between the EGRA and glycosylated hemoglobin A1(HbA1) (r=-0.464, p=0.129). From this study, it is suggested that IDDM subjects need to maintain balanced diet containing nutrients above RDA for individual activity during growing period. It needs more study whether the current recommended riboflavin allowance is adequate for diabetic patients.

• Korean journal of food and cookery science
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.357-362
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• 1994

Beef loaves(5${\times}5{\times}$5cm) were cooked by conventional moist-heat and by various levels of microwaves. The mean internal temperature of the meats cooked by low power microwaves for 5~15 min were not significantly different from the conventionally boiled meats for 30 min. When cooking was made by microwaves at low level for 5~10 min, or at high level for 2 min and additional heating at low power level for 5min, the percent cooking loss were comparable with the samples cooked conventionally for 20~40 min. General proteolytic activity determined with azocoll indicated that enzyme activity decreased as internal temperature increased(r=-0.5779, p<0.05), and maximum activity occured at meats conventionally moist-heated for 10 min and by low power microwave for 5 min. Sensory scores for tenderness were high at conventional moist-heat for 30 min, for 20 min, microwave cooked at thatwing power for 10 min and at low power level for 10 min, in descending order. There were no significant differences in the thiamin content of meats after various treatments.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.79-88
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• 1996

This study was conducted to assess nutritional status of the elderly from low-income urban area and to investigate environmental and health risk factors that may influence to nutrient intakes. One hindered eighty three(males 53, females 130) healthy homestaying subjects aged over 65 years in Seoul were assessed with anthropometric measurements and dietary intake in August, 1994. HT and BW for females were decreased with aging. The proportion of hypertension was 36% with indite of $SBP{\;}(SBP{\;}{\gg}{\;}160mmHg)$ and 52% with indice of DBP $(DBP{\;}\gg{\;}97mmHg)$. Distribution of BMI, OR and PIBW indicated that BMI was more sensitive for identifying underweight whereas PIBW was more sensitive for identifying overweight. for group aged over 75, males had significantly lower intake of energy, protein, fat, calcium, iron, vitamin A and $\beta$ carotene compared to the group aged 67~74, while females had lower intake of calcium and vitamin A. Elderly group with smoking, less familly size and living alone had lower nutrient intakes. Blood pressure in the elderly subjects did not influence to nutrient intakes, except elderly with normal blood pressure were taking increased amount of thiamin and niacin.

• Journal of the Korean Dietetic Association
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.308-319
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• 2015

The purpose of this study was to assess risk factors associated with food insecurity in the Korean elderly aged over 65 years using data from the Korea National Health & Nutrition Examination Survey 2013 (KNHANES VI). A total of 1,200 subjects were analyzed among the participants of the KNHANES 2013 by using SPSS statistics complex samples (ver. 21.0). Food insecurity was measured by using the modified US Household Food Security/Hunger Survey Module. Thirteen percent of subjects lived in food insecure households. There were differences in the prevalence of food insecurity according to sex, educational level, income level, and household structure. Mean age of the food insecurity group was significantly higher than that of the food security group. The results of logistic regression analysis showed that food insecurity was significantly associated with alcohol intake (OR: 1.82), prevalence of melancholy (OR: 2.07) and suicidal thoughts (OR: 2.67), and intake deficiency of energy (OR: 1.60), calcium (OR: 1.97), iron (OR: 1.97), potassium (OR: 1.96), riboflavin (OR: 1.76), and niacin (OR: 1.64), while not with smoking, physical activity, chronic diseases including obesity, anemia, diabetes, and osteoarthritis, and deficiency of protein, vitamin A, thiamin and vitamin C. These findings suggest that food insecurity is strongly related to mental health and certain nutrient intakes. Prospective research is needed to establish the effects of food insecurity on chronic diseases.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.35-43
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• 1982

The purpose of this survey was to investigate the nutrient and food intake and haematology of the latter half of pregnant women in Nam Hae Do. The nutrient intake study was performed by Twenty-four hour dietary recall method. As Haematology, RBC, Hb. and Hct were measured. 1. The results of nutritional survey were, 1) The mean nutrient intakes that were below the RDA were Protein, Calorie, Calcium and Iron. 2) The mean nutrient intakes that were above the RDA were Vitamin A, Thiamin, Riboflavin, Ascorbic acid. 3) Most of calorie and other nutrients were obtained from vegetable food sources. 4) Animal protein intake was 33% of total protein intake and most of this value was obtained from fish and shell fishes. 2. The extent of malnutrition was explained in terms of the amount of calorie, protein, calcium and iron. The results were, The predicted percentage of deficiency, in case of Calorie, 53.3% of total subjects. in case of Protein, 52% of total subjects. in case of Calcium, 78.7% of total subjects. in case of Iron, 54.7% of total subjects. 3. The results of Haematology were, 1) The mean level of RBC, Hb and Hct were 3.76$\times$106cm/㎣, 10.47gm%, and 32.56% 2) There were significant correlation between calorie intake and Hct level, protein intake and RBC level, Iron intake and MCHC level.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.141-150
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• 1997

This study was designed to investigate the obesity rate with anthropometric indices, nutritional status and serum lipid levels of 260 school children from 5th grade of elementry school residing in Puchon city. Obesity was defined as fat percentage that exceeds 25$\%$. The prevalence rate of obesity were 15.2$\%$ for male and 14.1$\%$ for female. Mean fat percentage, BMI and Rohrer indice of obese male were 30.3$\%$, 21.0 and 150.2 respectively and 28.0$\%$, 21.5 and 151.9 for obese female. Mean serum TG, apo-B of obese female was significantly lower than that of non-obese. Obese male did not show any difference in serum lipid levels. The proportion of students whose serum cholesterol levels exceed 170mg/dI, which is cutoff point of bordeline for coronary artery disease, was 12.0% for male and 15.6$\%$ for female. The major factors affecting nutritional status were the amount of living expense, existence of mother's job and the regularity of having breakfast. Children who's living expense more than 500 thousants Won showed lower intake of Iron, vitamin A, thiamin, niacin and ascorbic acid(p$\ll$0.05). Children who's mothers are having a job were observed with decreased height(p$\ll$0.05). Children having breakfast regularly showed increased BMI and Rohrer indice than those of children having breakfast often of never.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.33 no.5
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• pp.447-458
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• 2020

This study assessed yearly trends of food and nutrient intake among high school students aged 16 to 18 years (n=2,377) using the 2007~2015 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES). Yearly trends of food or nutrient intake were analyzed via logistic regression analysis. The results showed that consumption of sugars & sweets, and beverages & alcohols was increased rapidly during this period (p<0.0001). Intake of meat & meat products, and fish & shellfish also was increased (p=0.0008). Intake of grains and grain products was increased until year 2011 but declined after 2012 (p=0.0025). Consumption of vegetables, and milk & milk products was decreased (p=0.0395). Intake of protein, fat, thiamin, riboflavin, niacin, and iron was increased (p=0.0445). Carbohydrate energy ratio was decreased, whereas fat energy ratio was increased (p=0.0235). Most nutrient intakes satisfied the dietary reference intakes for Koreans except dietary fiber (19.6~26.2%), calcium (46.9~55.2%) and sodium (more than 221.4%) during this period. There was a significant positive correlation between most food group intakes and most nutrient intakes (p=0.0468). Therefore, it is crucial to increase dietary fiber and calcium intake and decrease consumption of sugars, fats and sodium through diverse eating of food groups to ensure balanced nutrition of subjects.