• 제목/요약/키워드: thermostable microorganism

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Purification and characterization of a thermostable glutamate dehydrogenase from a thermophilic bacterium isolated from a sterilization drying oven

  • Amenabar, Maximiliano J.;Blamey, Jenny M.
    • BMB Reports
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    • 제45권2호
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    • pp.91-95
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    • 2012
  • Glutamate dehydrogenase from axenic bacterial cultures of a new microorganism, called GWE1, isolated from the interior of a sterilization drying oven, was purified by anion-exchange and molecular-exclusion liquid chromatography. The apparent molecular mass of the native enzyme was 250.5 kDa and was shown to be an hexamer with similar subunits of molecular mass 40.5 kDa. For glutamate oxidation, the enzyme showed an optimal pH and temperature of 8.0 and $70^{\circ}C$, respectively. In contrast to other glutamate dehydrogenases isolated from bacteria, the enzyme isolated in this study can use both $NAD^+$ and $NADP^+$ as electron acceptors, displaying more affinity for $NADP^+$ than for $NAD^+$. No activity was detected with NADH or NADPH, 2-oxoglutarate and ammonia. The enzyme was exceptionally thermostable, maintaining more than 70% of activity after incubating at $100^{\circ}C$ for more than five hours suggesting being one of the most thermoestable enzymes reported in the family of dehydrogenases.

Molecular Cloning and Characterization of a Gene Encoding Thermostable Pectinase from Thermotoga maritima

  • Kim, Chung Ho
    • Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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    • 제57권2호
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    • pp.137-140
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    • 2014
  • A gene encoding thermostable pectinase (TmPec) was isolated from hyperthermophilic microorganism, Thermotoga maritima. The open reading frame (ORF) of TmPec gene is 1,104 bp long and encodes 367 amino acid residues with a molecular weight of 40,605 Da. To analyze the enzymatic activity and biochemical properties, the ORF of TmPec gene excluding putative signal sequence of 27 amino acids was introduced into the E. coli expression vector, pRSET-B, and overexpressed in E. coli BL21. Protein concentration of purified recombinant TmPec was 1.1 mg/mL with specific activity of 56 U/mg protein on pectin. The recombinant TmPec showed the highest activity at around $85-95^{\circ}C$, and at around pH 6.5. It was stable at temperature below $85^{\circ}C$. In the presence of $Ca^{2+}$, the activity of recombinant TmPec was increased to 146.3% of normal level. In contrast, $Ba^{2+}$ and Mn2+ showed strong inhibition to the recombinant TmPec.

한국의 토양으로부터 내열성 단백질 분해효소를 생산하는 Bacillus sp. JE 375의 선별 (A Thermostable Protease Produced from Bacillus sp. JE 375 Isolated from Korean Soil)

  • 김지은;배동훈
    • 한국식품과학회지
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    • 제38권3호
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    • pp.419-426
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    • 2006
  • 전국 각지에서 채집한 토양에서 분리한 25종의 내열성 균주 중 내열성 단백질 기수분해효소 활성을 갖는 균주 strain JE 375를 선별하였다. 본 균주는 gram 양성 간균의 특징을 나타냈으며 Bergey's Manual of Systematic Bacteriology와 Biochemical Tests for Identification of Medical Bacteria에 준하여 생화학적 특성을 검토한 결과 catalase 양성, 포자형성, motility 양성, glucose 발효, mannitol 발효, xylose 산화, hemolysis ${\beta}$균임을 보아 Bacillus sp.으로 추정 되었다. Strain JE 375의 whole cell fatty acid를 gas chromatography로 분석한 결과 $C_{15:0}$ iso 26.17%, $C_{16:0}$ iso 13.01%, $C_{17:0}$ iso 30.19%로 분석되어 Bacillus 계열로 동정되었다. 16S rDNA sequence분석 결과 strain JE 375는 Bacillus caldoxylolyticus와 sequence가 97.6% 일치하는 유사성을 보였으나 부분적으로 sequence의 차이가 있고 gene bank data base상에서 16S rDNA sequence가 일치하는 균주는 검색되지 않았다. 이 같은 실험 결과에 따라 strain JE 375는 기존에 발표되지 않은 새로운 균주로 판단되어 Bacillus sp. JE 375로 명명하였다. Bacillus sp. JE 375은 tryptone 1%, yeast extract 0.5%, NaCl 1%, maltose 1%의 배지조성분과 배양 온도 $65^{\circ}C$에서 20시간 동안 배양하였을 때 최대의 단백질 분해 효소를 생산하였다. Bacillus sp. JE 375로부터 단백질 분해 효소를 acetone으로 침전시키고 DEAE-sepharose column chromatography를 통하여 효소를 정제하여 SDS-PAGE를 통해 확인한 결과 55 kDa 크기의 band를 확인할 수 있었다. 이 효소의 최적 배양 온도는 $65^{\circ}C$이었으며 배지의 최적 pH는 6.5로 나타났다. pH에 대한 안정성은 중성 부근의 pH에서 효소 활성의 안정성이 높게 나타났다. 본 효소의 반응 조건을 검토한 결과 중성 조건에서 안정하였으며, $60^{\circ}C$의 고온에서 활성을 가졌다. 효소 활성은 1 mM $CaCl_2$ 첨가에 의해 증가하였다.

일본의 Atagawa 온천지대에서 분리한 내열성 \beta-glycosidase 생성균주의 분리 및 동정 (Isolation and Identification of Thermostable \beta-glycosidase-producing Microorganism from Hot Spring of Volcanic Area at Atagawa in Japan.)

  • 남은숙;최종우;차성관;안종건
    • 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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    • 제30권2호
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    • pp.151-156
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    • 2002
  • 내열성 $\beta$-glycosidase 효소를 생성하는 균주를 분리하기 위해서 일본의 Atagawa 온천지역에서 시료를 채취하였다. 조효소액이 $70^{\circ}C$에서 4시간 동안 $\beta$-glycosidase활성을 유지하는 KNOUC 202를 선발하여 분리, 동정하였다. 선발된 KNOUC 202는 호기성으로 그람음성 간균이며, 포자를 형성하지 않으며, 운동성이 없으며, carotenoid를 생성하고, catalase, oxidase 양성으로 나타났으며, 최적 성장온도는 $70~72^{\circ}C$이고, 최적 pH는 7.0~7.2이었으며, NaCl 3% 농도에서 성장하였다. 세포내 지방산의 주성분은 iso-15:0과 iso-17:0이었다. KNOUC 202의 16S rRNA sequence는 Thermus thermophilus ATCC 27635(HB8)와 유사도가 99.9% 이었다. 따라서 형태학적, 이화학적, 생화학적 특성, 지방산조성 및 16S rRNA sequence 분석결과에 근거하여 KNOUC 202를 Thermus thermophilus로 동정하였다.

High Production of Thermostable Beta-galactosidase of Bacillus stearothemophilus in mesophiles

  • Okada, Hirosuke;Hirata, Haruhisa;Negoro, Seiji
    • 한국미생물생명공학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 한국미생물생명공학회 1986년도 추계학술대회
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    • pp.509.1-509
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    • 1986
  • Recent advances in recombinant DNA techniques have provided a tool for breeding of microorganisms of hyper production. Enzyme production by cloned microorganism has some advantages. They are ⅰ) Enzymes can be produced by a microorganism easily cultured ⅱ) Hyper production. ⅲ) In some cases, such as thermophilic enzyme gene is cloned in a mesophilic bacteria, the enzyme purification procedure can be simplified. One example, production of thermophilic ${\beta}$-galactosidase in B. subtilis will be presented. Bacillus stearothermophilus IAM 11001 produced three ${\beta}$-galactosidases, ${\beta}$-galactosidase I, II and III (${\beta}$-gal-I, II and III). By connecting restriction fragments of the chromosomal DNA to plasmid vector, followed by transformation of Escherichia coli, two ${\beta}$-galactosidase genes (bgaA and bgaB) located close to each other on the chromosome were cloned.

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Study of Thermostable Chitinase Enzymes from Indonesian Bacillus K29-14

    • Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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    • 제14권4호
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    • pp.647-652
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    • 2004
  • Thermophilic microorganisms capable of producing chitinase enzymes were screened from samples collected from several crater and geothermal areas. The chitinolytic microorganisms were grown in a selective medium containing colloidal chitin. The Bacillus K29-14 isolate was found to exhibit the highest chitinase and chitin deacetylase activities. When grown in a chitin-containing medium, the isolate produced extracellular chitinase after 24 h of incubation. The optimum temperature and pH for the chitinase were $55^\circ{C}$ and pH 7, respectively, while those for the chitin deacetylase were $55^\circ{C}$ and pH 8, respectively. The thermostable chitinase and chitin deacetylase also retained 80- 90% of their activity after incubation for 5 h at $70^\circ{C}$. The divalent cations $CoCl_2\;and\;NiCl_2$, increased the chitinase activity, while $ZnCl_2$, inhibited the enzyme. The chitin deacetylase was also activated by the presence of $MgCl_2$ and inhibited by $MnCl_2,\;NiCl_2,\;and\;CaCl_2$. A zymogram analysis revealed several forms of chitinase, with a 67 kDa form being the major enzyme.

Bacillus sp. DF218이 생산하는 내열성 단백질 분해효소 (A Thermostable Protease Produced from Bacillus sp. DF 218)

  • 이정희;배동훈
    • 한국식품과학회지
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    • 제36권1호
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    • pp.105-110
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    • 2004
  • 전국 각지에서 채집한 토양과 두엄에서 분리한 25종의 내열성 균주 중 내열성 단백질 가수분해효소 활성을 갖는 균주 DF 218을 선별하였다. 본 균주는 Gram 양성 간균의 특징을 나타냈으며 Bergey's manual of systematic bacteriology와 Biochemical tests for identification of medical bacteria에 준하여 생화학적 특성을 검토한 결과 catalase 양성, 포자형성, motility 양성, glucose 발효, hemolysis ${\beta}$균임을 나타내어 Bacillus sp.으로 추정되었다. 165 rDNA sequence 분석 결과 DF 218 균주는 Bacillus flexus과 sequence가 95% 일치하는 유사성을 보였으나 gene bank data base 상에서 165 rDNA sequence가 일치하는 균주는 검색되지 않았다. 이 같은 실험 결과에 따라 strain DF 218은 기존에 발표되지 않은 새로운 균주로 판단되어 Bacillus sp. DF 218로 명명하였다. Bacillus sp. DF 218은 1% trypton, 1% NaCl, 1% glucose의 배지조성과 배양은도 $60^{\circ}C$에서 32시간동안 배양하였을 때 최대의 단백질 분해효소를 생산하였다. Bacillus sp. DF 218로부터 단백질 분해효소를 acetone으로 침전시키고 DEAE-sepharose column chromatography를 통하여 효소를 정제하고 정제된 단백질을 SDS-PAGE를 통해 분석한 결과 61kDa 크기의 단일 band를 확인할 수 있었다. 이 효소의 최적 반응온도는 $60^{\circ}C$이었으며 최적 pH는 7.5로 측정되었다.

Crystal Structure and Functional Characterization of a Xylose Isomerase (PbXI) from the Psychrophilic Soil Microorganism, Paenibacillus sp.

  • Park, Sun-Ha;Kwon, Sunghark;Lee, Chang Woo;Kim, Chang Min;Jeong, Chang Sook;Kim, Kyung-Jin;Hong, Jong Wook;Kim, Hak Jun;Park, Hyun Ho;Lee, Jun Hyuck
    • Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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    • 제29권2호
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    • pp.244-255
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    • 2019
  • Xylose isomerase (XI; E.C. 5.3.1.5) catalyzes the isomerization of xylose to xylulose, which can be used to produce bioethanol through fermentation. Therefore, XI has recently gained attention as a key catalyst in the bioenergy industry. Here, we identified, purified, and characterized a XI (PbXI) from the psychrophilic soil microorganism, Paenibacillus sp. R4. Surprisingly, activity assay results showed that PbXI is not a cold-active enzyme, but displays optimal activity at $60^{\circ}C$. We solved the crystal structure of PbXI at $1.94-{\AA}$ resolution to investigate the origin of its thermostability. The PbXI structure shows a $({\beta}/{\alpha})_8$-barrel fold with tight tetrameric interactions and it has three divalent metal ions (CaI, CaII, and CaIII). Two metal ions (CaI and CaII) located in the active site are known to be involved in the enzymatic reaction. The third metal ion (CaIII), located near the ${\beta}4-{\alpha}6$ loop region, was newly identified and is thought to be important for the stability of PbXI. Compared with previously determined thermostable and mesophilic XI structures, the ${\beta}1-{\alpha}2$ loop structures near the substrate binding pocket of PbXI were remarkably different. Site-directed mutagenesis studies suggested that the flexible ${\beta}1-{\alpha}2$ loop region is essential for PbXI activity. Our findings provide valuable insights that can be applied in protein engineering to generate low-temperature purpose-specific XI enzymes.

Streptomyces 속 균주가 생성하는 Trypsin Inhibitor (제1보) 균의 분리 및 저해물질의 정제 (Trypsin Inhibitor from Streptomyces sp. ( Part 1) Isolation of microorganism and purification of the inhibitor)

  • Yi, Dong-Heui;Seu, Jung-Hwn
    • 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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    • 제10권4호
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    • pp.275-281
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    • 1982
  • Trypsin에 대한 강한 저해물질을 생성하는 Streptomyces속 균주 AS-707을 토양으로부터 얻어 그 배양액에서 Trypsin inhibitor를 분리정제하여 저해물질의 안정성과 여러가지의 protease에 대한 저해성 여부를 검토한 결과는 다음과 같다. 배양액을 Amberlite IRC-50에 흡착 methanol추출. 2차 Amberlite IRC-50, CM-cellulosecolumn chromatography로 정제하여 active amorphous powder를 얻었는데 이 때의 비율은 26%였다. 분리정제된 물질은 trypsin 이외에 papain, $\alpha$-chymotrypsin, Azotobacter vineiandi protease와 Bacillus subtilis protease 등에 대해서도 저해작용을 나타내었으며, 안정성은 비교적 커서 10$0^{\circ}C$에서 120분간 가열해도 잔존활성이 약90%였으며, pH처리에 대해서는 37$^{\circ}C$에서 처리하면 산에서 Alkali에 걸치는 대단히 넓은 pH범위 (pH 2.0~12.0)에서 안정하였으나 6$0^{\circ}C$에서 처리하면 산에서는 안정하였으나 Alkali에서는 불안정하였다.

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