• 한국지역사회생활과학회지
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.633-639
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• 2010

This study was carried out to compare human thermoregulatory responses and preferred air temperature by feet immersion between summer and winter in terms of thermal comfort. Five healthy female university students participated in the study as subjects. They experienced feet immersion at $40^{\circ}C$ of water in the climatic chamber of $24^{\circ}C$, 50%RH from 19:30 to 21:00 in the summer and winter, respectively. Rectal temperature gradually decreased and maintained $0.08^{\circ}C$ lower in winter than summer, while mean skin temperature changed $0.4^{\circ}C$ greater in winter than summer(p=0.00). Air temperature selected by each subject for their thermal comfort revealed $0.8^{\circ}C$ higher in summer than winter(p=0.06). The results obtained suggest an increase in human thermoregulation and be used as preliminary data to maintain optimal indoor temperature in summer and winter.

• 한국의류학회지
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• 제23권8호
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• pp.1098-1109
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• 1999

This study was to examine the effects of textiles materials and wearing types on the thermal regulation responses of human, Cotton polyester wool silk and rayon were chosen as outerwears and acetate was selected as a lining. Blouse-skirt suits blouse-slacks suits and one-piece dress made of selected textiles were examined by human trials, Tests results were as follows ; 1 When subjects wore vlouse-slacks suits Tmsk was showed the highest value. There was a significant difference on Tmsk(p<0.05) when they wore one-piece dress. The temperature of microclimate inside clothing when subjects wore blouse-slacks suits showed the highest value and one-piece dress and then blouse-skirt suits in order. For blouse-skirt suits clothing without lining showed higher temperature of the back of microclimate inside clothing than clothing with lining except cotton(p<0.1) 2. There were no significant consistency of the increasing rates of thermal insulation of garment at fabric test and human trials among polyesterand silk.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology
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• 제1권2호
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• pp.215-230
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• 1967

It has been suggested by Krag and Kountz (1950), Horvath et al. (1955) and Spurr et al. (1955) that the mechanism for prevention of heat loss is less efficient in the aged than in the young. In addition, they observed that peripheral vasoconstriction occurred more rapidly and more intensively in the aged people in response to the cold stimulus. Although it is not clear on the basis of these reports whether the Physical insulation of the aged people in cold would be different from the younger, it is evident that the vascular reactivity in response to cold seems to be altered in the aged people. Hence this investigation was undertaken to investigate the physical insulation of the aged people in a systemic manner by water immersion method which has been successfully applied to the Eskimos and Korean diving women by Rennie et al.

• 한국의류학회지
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.447-451
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• 1991

Effects of insulation after exposure of the extremities on the temperature regulation in clothed men were studied. Experiment was carried out with six males in a climatic chamber fixed at $10^{\circ}C$, $55\%$ R.H. treated with Type A (face only was exposed) and Type B (face and half of the extremities were exposed). Mean skin temperature fell greater in Type B due to intense vasoconstriction than in Type A. Rectal temperature rose a little in Type B and resumed in Type A without any significant differences in metabolism between two types of clothing. These findings suggest that Type B is more effective in physiological defense to the cold stimuli than Type A at least at $10^{\circ}C$.

• 한국의류학회지
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.242-249
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• 1999

The purpose of this study was to investigate two different kinds of socks on physiological responses at an ambient temperature of 35$\pm$1$^{\circ}C$ and relative humidity of 50$\pm$5% Five healthy women wearing normal socks or toes socks participated as the subjects. Rectal temperature skin temperatures sweat rate blood pressure pulse rate and questionnaire wee measured. Rectal temperature skin temperature sweat rate blood pressure pulse rate and questionnaire were measured. Rectal temperature and mean skin temperature were lower after exercise at wearing toes socks . Sweat rate was higher at wearing normal socks and blood pressure and pulse rate were tend to higher at wearing toes socks. Thermal comfort temperature sensation and humidity sensation were better wearing toes socks. Thermal comfort temperature sensation and humidity sensation were better wearing toes socks than wearing normal socks but wearing comfort was better at wearing normal socks. These results will be discussed form the viewpoint of thermoregulation AVA(Arterio venous Anastomosis) and count current heat exchange.

• 한국의류학회지
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.199-204
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• 2000

This study was conducted to investigate the thermoregulatory responses and wearing behavior of the cold-sensitive men when exposed to the mild cold of 14$^{\circ}C$. Two sessions of experiment were carried out and five healthy young men for the cold-sensitive group(CSG) and four healthy young for the cold-insensitive group(CIG) participated in the study as subjects CSG maintained rectal temperature lower than CIG due to their thicker clothing resulted in larger decrease of rectal temperature. CSG maintained skin temperatures higher than CIG. CSG felt cooler than CIG but wore thicker clothing for thermal comfort and this made keep their sensation warmer. These results were discussed in terms of autonomic and behavioral temperature regulation.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제22권5호
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• pp.727-731
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• 2009

The aim of this study was to understand the effects of skin pigmentation on physiological parameters of thermoregulation and grazing behaviour of dairy goats in a hot and humid climate. The study used 26 crossbred Saanen yearling goats (95% Saanen+5% Local Hair Breed). The animals were raised at semi-intensive private farms in Adana (36 59'N, 35 18'E). Groups were selected 2 d before the start of observations. Goats were categorized as predominantly pigmented (P) skin and unpigmented (UP) skin. All observations and measurements were collected on grassland during the grazing period of June and July 2007 (60 d). Air temperature and relative humidity were recorded at 10 min intervals by a portable data logger. The physiological data (rectal temperature, respiration and pulse rate, and skin temperatures from head and udder) were recorded twice weekly in the morning (07:00-08:00); at midday (13:00-14:00); and in the evening (18:00-19:00). Additionally, the activity of the animals was observed and classified (eating, ruminating, drinking, standing, walking, lying) for 12 h during the day twice weekly, using a portable camera system linked directly to a computer. Panting behaviour was also observed. According to the THI values, the experimental goats were subjected to stressful conditions. The pigmented goats had significantly lower rectal temperatures (39.68 vs. $29.89^{\circ}C$), pulse rate (74.08 vs. 84.10 beat/min) and respiration rate (65.65 vs. 88.23 breath/min.) compared with unpigmented goats at midday when the THI exceeded 92. The rectal, head and udder temperatures, pulse and respiration rates of the non-pigmented group exceeded $40^{\circ}C$, $37^{\circ}C$, $37.5^{\circ}C$, 84 beats/min and 78 breaths/min, respectively. Higher activity was observed among pigmented compared with unpigmented goats. Unpigmented goats grazed (4.3 vs. 5.6 h), ruminated (2.0 vs. 2.4 h), and stood (0.8 vs. 1.2 h) less, but lay down (2.2 vs. 1.8 h) more than pigmented goats. The data obtained in this experiment support the hypothesis that unpigmented goats are more adversely affected by climatic stress, likely due to their decreased activity and increased water consumption, as demonstrated by previous studies.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.237-388
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• 1992

This study was done to identify the degree of congruence between nurses and patients on patients' health problems. The purposes of this study were 1. To compare the health problems of parturient women as identified by interview and in the nursing record. 2. To compare the health problems of patients who have had gynecological surgery as identified by interview and in the nursing record. 3. To compare the health problems of chemotherapy patients as identified by interview and in the nursing record. The design of this study was a comparative descriptive design. The subjects were 205 Obstetric-Gynecologic patients. The tool for this study was an 11 item questionnaire, including one open ended question on the patient's problem during the past one day. Data was collected through interviews and an audit of the nursing records during the period from March 22, 1992 to April 29, 1992. Data was analyzed using by frequencies and percentiles. The result of this study were summarized as follows : Pain was the most prevalent complaint for parturient women by interview(60.3% ) and from the nursing records(83.2%). There was no record in the nursing records about the complaints of lack of information and emotional problems even though there were complaints of communication problems (17.6%) and of emotional problems(3.5%) identified in the interviews but there were more records of cardiopulmonary problems in nurses record(9.1%) than the patient interviews (3.3%). In the nursing records 25.9% of the identified records identified pain problems compared with 23.3% in the interviews. In the nursing records, 22.3% of the records identified nutrition problem as compared with 18.2% in the interview. There were only a very few emotional problem identified in the nursing records (3.7%) as compared to 18.2% in the interviews. There were no comments about communication problems in the nursing records but 5.2% of the subjects mentioned of communication problems in the patient interview. There were problems in five categories for the parturient women ; comfort, communication, activity and rest, elimination, emotions, and there were problems in ten categories for the surgery patients : comfort, elimination, communication, emotions, nutrition, cardiopulmonary, thermoregulation, physical integrity, host defense and activity /rest. There were also problems in the same ten categories for chemotherapy Patients. On the other hand, in the nursing records, only comfort activity /rest, and elimination problems were identified for the parturient women, there were only seven categories of problems : comfort, elimination, cardiopulmonary, activity /rest, and nutrition for the gynecology surgical patients, and for the chemotherapy Patients, comfort, nutrition, physical integrity, cardiopulmonary, activity /rest, thermoregulation, emotion and elimination were the categories identified, and no communication problems were identified. It was found that there was low congruence between the patients' problems as identified through patient interview and as recorded in the nursing records. Therefore it can be concluded that the main content of the nursing records is the physical problems of the patients and this is not in congruence with the patients' reported problems in the emotional and communication domain.

• 대한본초학회지
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• 제33권4호
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• pp.77-85
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• 2018

Objective : This study was intended to examine the effects of water extract of Prunellae Spica (PS), which is a herb with 'cold' nature based on hot and cold theory of traditional Korean medicine. Methods : Hyperthyroidism was induced in SD rats by LT4 (0.5 mg/kg, i.p.) daily for four weeks. After 2 weeks of LT4 injection, rats were divided randomly into four groups; normal, LT4-induced hyperthyroid control, PS extract (500 mg/kg, p.o.)-treated group, and propylthiouracil (PTU, 10 mg/kg, s.c.)-treated positive group. After 2 weeks of drug treatment, all rats were sacrificed and harvested blood samples and thyroid tissues. The changes of body weight, food and water intake, and body temperature were measured weekly. Serological markers were analyzed in sera using an enzyme-based assay, and thyroid tissues were stained with Hematoxylin & Eosin (H&E). Brain and dorsal root ganglion (DRG) tissues were isolated and analyzed the expression of transient receptor potential (TRP) channels by Western blot. Results : PS extract administration attenuated the loss of body weight and the increase of body temperature in LT4-induced hyperthyroidism rats. PS extract increased the level of thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) and decreased tiiodothyronine (T3) and tetraiodothyronine (T4). In action mechanism, PS extract regulated the expression of transient receptor potential channel subfamily V member 1 (TRPV1) and transient Receptor Potential channel subfamily M member 8 (TRPM8), the thermoregulators. Conclusion : To conclude, PS extract can improve the symptoms of hyperthyroidism through regulation of the thyroid hormones imbalance and thermoregulation via TRP channels.

• 한국의류학회지
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.551-562
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• 1999

This study was intended to investigate the effect on the human body such as subcutaneous fat thickness the circumference of extremities etc. of the clothing training of putting on thin clothes periodically from the cold period. The subjects were divided into the clothing training group and the non-training group, The training group was asked to wear cool clothes in daily life and to wear the training clothes of T-shirts with half-length sleeves and pants and perform the clothing training for two hours daily three times a week in a cold environment over the period from November to February. The non-training group was asked to lead a life wearing comfortable clothes. Then a comparative experiment was conducted at 15$\pm$1$^{\circ}C$, 50$\pm$5% R, H and 0.25m/sec before and after the clothing training. After the clothing training regardless of gender subcutaneous fat thickness was more increased and total clothing weight per the surface area of the body was decreased in the training group than the non-training group. The training group showed lower skin temperature in the limbs and lower average skin temperature than the non-training group irrespective of gender which proved the effect of the clothing training. The training group was shown to have attendancy toward a greater sense of warmth and a less sense of discomfort which proved the effect of the clothing training.