• Elastomers and Composites
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• v.54 no.2
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• pp.110-117
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• 2019

The characterization of the ozone oxidation for raw natural rubber (NR) was investigated under controlled conditions through image and fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) analysis. The ozone oxidation was performed on a transparent thin film of raw NR coated on a KBr window in a dark chamber at $40^{\circ}C$ under low humidity conditions to completely exclude thermal, moisture, or light oxidation. The ozone concentration was set at 40 parts per hundred million (pphm). Before or after exposure to ozone, the image of the thin film for raw NR was observed at a right or tilted angle. FT-IR absorption spectra were measured in the transmission mode according to ozone exposure time. The ozone oxidation of NR was determined by the changes in the absorption peaks at 1736, 1715, 1697, and $833cm^{-1}$, which were assigned to an aldehyde group (-CHO), a ketone group (-COR), an inter-hydrogen bond between carbonyl group (-C=O) from an aldehyde or a ketone and an amide group (-CONH-) of protein, and a cis-methine group ($is-CCH_3=CH-$, respectively. During ozone exposure period, the results indicated that the formation of the carbonyl group of aldehyde or ketone was directly related to the decrement of the double bond of cis-1,4-polyisoprene. Only carbonyl compounds such as aldehydes or ketones seemed to be formed through chain scission by ozone. Long thin cracks with one orientation at regular intervals, which resulted in consecutive chain scission, were observed by image analysis. Therefore, one possible two-step mechanism for the formation of aldehyde and ketone was suggested.

• Journal of Animal Environmental Science
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.131-138
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• 2009

This study was conducted to find ways to control environment with the difference between body temperature and background temperature based on swine activity, and to apply to the environment control system of swine barns based on the findings. Following are the results. 1. Swine activity related to background temperature was achieved as color images and swine activity status was categorized into cold, comfortable, and hot periods with visualization system (thermal image system). 2. Thermal image system consisted of an infrared CCD camera, an image processing board - DIF (TH3100), an main computer (400Hz, 128M, 586 Pentium model) with C++ program installed. 3. Thermal image system categorizing temperatures into cold, comfortable, and hot was applicable to the environment control system of swine barns 4. Feed intake was higher in cold temperature, and finishing weight and weight gain per day in cold temperature were lower than others (p<0.05).

• Journal of the Korean Society for Nondestructive Testing
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.187-192
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• 2013

Fatigue crack was detected from a temperature change around surface crack using the thermographic technique. Thermal gradient across the crack decreased very much due to thermal resistance of contact surface in the crack. Heat diffusion flow passing through the discontinuity was visualized in temperature by infrared camera to find and locate the crack. A fatigue crack specimen(SM-45C), which was prepared according to KS specification and notched in its center to initiate fatigue crack from the notch tip, was heated by halogen lamp at the end of one side to generate a heat diffusion flow in lateral direction. A abrupt jump in temperature across the fatigue crack was observed in thermographic image, by which the crack could be located and sized from temperature distribution.

• Journal of Satellite, Information and Communications
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.15-21
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• 2017

Following the successful launch of KOMPSAT-3 in May 2012, KOMPSAT-5 in August 2013, and KOMPSAT-3A in March 2015 have succeeded in launching the integrated operation of optical, radar and thermal infrared sensors in Korea. We have established a foundation to utilize the characteristics of each sensors. In order to overcome limitations in the range of application and accuracy of the application of a single sensor, multi-sensor image fusion techniques have been developed which take advantage of multiple sensors and complement each other. In this paper, we introduce the development of software (InFusion) for multi-sensor image fusion and valued-added product generation using KOMPSAT series. First, we describe the characteristics of each sensor and the necessity of fusion software development, and describe the entire development process. It aims to increase the data utilization of KOMPSAT series and to inform the superiority of domestic software through creation of high value-added products.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.46 no.2
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• pp.52-61
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• 2018

Urban heat islands occur due to increases in the extent of artificial surfaces such as concrete, asphalt and high-rise buildings. In this regard, research into the use of satellite thermal infrared images for thermal environment analysis of urban areas is being carried out. However, such analysis of the characteristics of individual land cover with low-resolution satellite images suffers from limitations because land cover patterns in urban areas are complicated. Recently, UAV has been widely used, which can compensate for this limitation as it is able to acquire high-resolution images. In this paper, the accuracy of UAV infrared images is verified and the applicability of UAV in urban thermal environment analysis is examined by comparing the results with land surface temperatures from Landsat 8 thermal images. The results show a high positive correlation of temperature values at 0.95, and no statistically significant difference between the two groups. Comparisons of land surface temperature according to land cover showed that the largest difference observed was $4.63^{\circ}C$ in the Used area, and UAV images with small cell units reflected various surface temperatures. Furthermore, it was possible to analyze the surface temperatures of various green spaces such as wetlands and street tree areas, which can lower surface temperatures in urban areas, with street tree shadows reducing surface temperatures by about $4-6^{\circ}C$. UAV can easily and rapidly measure the surface temperature of urban areas and is able to analyze various types of green spaces. Thus, this is an effective tool for thermal environment analysis in urban areas to aid in the design or management of urban green spaces, as it can allow for land cover and the effects of the various green spaces.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.207-212
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• 2023

Near-infrared (NIR) absorbing dyes have been applied to various applications such as optical filters, biotechnology, energy storage and conversion, coating additive, and traditionally information-storage materials. Because image sensors used in cellphones and digital cameras have sensitivity in the NIR region, the NIR cut-off filter is essential to achieving more clear images. As energy storage and conversion have been important, diverse NIR absorbing materials have been developed to extend the absorption region to the NIR region, and NIR absorbing materials-based research has proceeded to improve device performances. Adding NIR-absorbing dye with a photo-thermal effect to a self-healable coating system has been attractive for future mobility technology, and more effective self-healing properties have been reported. In this report, the chemical structures of representative NIR-absorbing dyes and state of the art research based on NIR-absorbing dyes are introduced.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• v.42 no.2
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• pp.117-125
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• 2017

Purpose: Damage to pulse crops by wild birds is a serious problem. The damage is to such an extent that the rate of damage during the period between seeding and cotyledon stages reaches 54.6% on an average. In this study, a crop-position detection method was developed wherein infrared (IR) sensors were used to determine the cotyledon position under a vinyl mulch. Methods: IR sensors that helped measure the temperature were used to locate the cotyledons below the vinyl mulch. A single IR sensor module was installed at three locations of the crops (peanut, red lettuce, and crown daisy) in the cotyledon stage. The representative thermal response of a $16{\times}4$ pixel area was detected using this sensor in the case where the distance from the target was 25 cm. A spatial image was applied to the two-dimensional temperature distribution using a non-integral moving-average method. The collected data were first processed by taking the moving average via interpolation to determine the frame where the variance was the lowest for a resolution unit of 1.02 cm. Results: The temperature distribution was plotted corresponding to a distance of 10 cm between the crops. A clear leaf pattern of the crop was visually confirmed. However, the temperature distribution after the normalization was unclear. The image conversion and frequency-conversion graphs were obtained based on the moving average by averaging the points corresponding to a frequency of 40 Hz for 8 pixels. The most optimized resolutions at locations 1, 2, and 3 were found on 3.4, 4.1, and 5.6 Pixels, respectively. Conclusions: In this study, to solve the problem of damage caused by birds to crops in the cotyledon stage after seeding, the vinyl mulch is punched after seeding. The crops in the cotyledon stage could be accurately located using the proposed method. By conducting the experiments using the single IR sensor and a sliding mechanical device with the help of a non-integral interpolation method, the crops in the cotyledon stage could be precisely located.

• Journal of the Korean Solar Energy Society
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.35-44
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• 2008

In this study, the experiment of the measuring of four different types of flooring materials' thermal characteristics was conducted and examined during the summer. The experimental materials were arranged on the existing slab of the roof, and then its thermal characteristics were examined from the point of view of thermal radiation analysis. The aim of this study is ultimately to draw the fundamental data for improvements in a building's thermal function and reduce the urban heat island phenomena through optimizing the thermal characteristics of the surface covering materials of a building. The results from this study are as follows; 1) Each experimental material's albedo was calculated as 0.83 on the aluminum panel, 0.40 on the rock block, 0.37 on the wood deck and 0.21 on the concrete. It shows that the concrete material, which has the lowest short wave reflective rate, absorbed the most radiation energy and the aluminium panel has absorbed the lowest radiation energy. 2) From the each experimental object's value of the long wave radiation, the concrete material measured the highest, at $628W/m^2$, and the aluminium panel measured the lowest at $412W/m^2$. Therefore, it verifies that the experimental objects' own radiation rate determines the amount of the long wave radiation. 3) The degree of energy absorbency of a building's surface covering materials is greatly influenced by its own albedo and radiation rate, Therefore, it needs to be considered for the improvements in a building's thermal function and reducing the urban heat island phenomena. 4) According to the evaluation result of the each experimental object's overall heat transmission screening function on the roof of a building, the wooden deck is proven to be an excellent material for excluding the outside temperature differences effectively with its characteristic of low heat capacity and conduction. Also its surface temperature on the roof slab and the temperature difference during the day were both measured at low.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.143-150
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• 2013

Recently, environmental issues such as climate warming, ozone layer depletion, reduction of tropical forests and desertification are emerging as global environmental problems beyond national problems. And international attention and effort have been carried out in many ways to solve these problems. In this study, the growth of green was calculated quantitatively using the technique of remote sensing and temperature change was figured out through temperature extraction in the city. The land-cover changes and thermal changes for research areas were analyzed using Landsat TM images on May 2002 and May 2009. Surface temperature distribution was calculated using spectral degree of brightness of Band 6 that was Landsat TM thermal infrared sensor to extract the ground surface temperature in the city. As a result of research, the area of urban green belt was increased by $2.87km^2$ and the ground surface temperature decreased by $0.6^{\circ}C{\sim}0.8^{\circ}C$ before and after tree planting projects. Henceforth, if the additional study about temperature of downtown is performed based on remote sensing and measurement data, it will contribute to solve the problems about the urban environment.

• KIPS Transactions on Computer and Communication Systems
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.85-92
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• 2023

Respiratory infections such as COVID-19 mainly occur within enclosed spaces. The presence or absence of abnormal symptoms of respiratory infectious diseases is judged through initial symptoms such as fever, cough, sneezing and difficulty breathing, and constant monitoring of these early symptoms is required. In this paper, image matching correction was performed for the RGB camera module and the thermal imaging camera module, and the temperature of the thermal imaging camera module for the measurement environment was calibrated using a blackbody. To detection the target recommended by the standard, a deep learning-based object recognition algorithm and the inner canthus recognition model were developed, and the model accuracy was derived by applying a dataset of 100 experimenters. Also, the error according to the measured distance was corrected through the object distance measurement using the Lidar module and the linear regression correction module. To measure the performance of the proposed model, an experimental environment consisting of a motor stage, an infrared thermography temperature screening system and a blackbody was established, and the error accuracy within 0.28℃ was shown as a result of temperature measurement according to a variable distance between 1m and 3.5 m.