• Ocean Systems Engineering
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• 제4권3호
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• pp.169-183
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• 2014

For the reliable design of substructure supporting offshore wind turbines it is very important to reduce the effects of wave forces. Since the substructure is strongly influenced by the effects of wave forces as the size of substructure increases. In the present study, the hybrid substructure with multi-cylinder is newly suggested to reduce the effects of wave forces. Using diffraction theory the scattering waves in a fluid region are expressed by an Eigenfunction expansion method with three dimensional potential theory to calculate the wave force acting on the hybrid substructure. The wave force and wave run-up acting on the hybrid substructure is presented to examine the water wave interaction according to the variation of cylindrical size and the distance among cylinders. It is found that the suggested hybrid substructure with multi-cylinder is very useful to reduce the effects of wave forces acting on the substructure for offshore wind turbines.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제29권5호
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• pp.541-549
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• 2020

In this study, standard precipitation index- based analysis associated with run theory was performed using 53 years' (1967-2019) precipitation data to investigate the meteorological drought in Chuncheon. The duration of the meteorological drought in Chuncheon was 8.06 months, magnitude of the drought was -8.21, and average drought depth was -1.08. The drought in May 2014 lasted 21 months until January 2016; the drought scale and average depth was -34.06 and -1.62, respectively. This was the most severe drought in Chuncheon. As a result of drought frequency analysis, the drought scale of May to December in 2014 was estimated to be -16.16, and the return period was estimated to be 300 years. These results are expected to further increase the magnitude and frequency of weather droughts caused by climate change. Therefore, it is critical to prepare appropriate structural measures.

• 한국철학논집
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• 제23호
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• pp.275-294
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• 2008

형신사상(形神思想)의 핵심은 인간의 육체와 영혼에 관한 문제라고 할 수 있다. 형(形)과 신(神)은 인간의 생명을 구성하고 있는 두개의 요소로 만일 그 가운데 하나라도 없다면 그것은 살아있는 인간으로 볼 수가 없다. 동진남북조(東晉南北朝) 시기의 사상가들은 '우리들을 구성하고 있는 육체와 영혼이 과연 어떻게 나온 것일까?'라는 의문으로부터 시작하여 '복잡하고 미묘한 정신작용의 본질은 과연 무엇일까?' 그리고 '육체와 영혼은 도대체 어떠한 관계에 있는 것일까?' 또한 '인간이 죽은 뒤에도 그 영혼은 존재하는 것인가 혹은 소멸되는 것인가?' 등의 문제들에 대하여 활발하게 토론과 연구를 진행했었다. 본 논문은 이러한 문제들에 대하여 다음과 같은 내용을 중심으로 분석했다. 먼저, 동진(東晉) 시기의 형신사상(形神思想)에 대하여 종병(宗炳)의 영혼은 음양(陰陽)과 같은 것으로도 헤아려지지 않는 만물 속에 있는 현묘(玄妙)한 것으로서 무시(無始) 이래 정추(精?)의 식(識)으로 나뉘어 계속 존속하는 것이라고 하는 주장. 그리고 하승천(何承天)의 무엇이든 태어나면 죽는 것이며 육체가 없어지면 영혼이 흩어지는 것은 사계절이 계속 바뀌는 것과 같다고 하면서 영혼의 존속을 부정하는 주장들을 '명불론(明佛論)'과 '달성론(達性論)'을 중심으로 당시의 담론으로 형성되었던 '신멸(神滅)'과 '신불멸(神不滅)'의 문제를 집중 분석했다. 다음으로는 남북조(南北朝) 시기의 형신사상(形神思想)에 대하여 소침(蕭琛)의 육체와 영혼은 합하기는 하지만 일체가 되는 것은 아니기 때문에 태어나면 육체와 영혼이 합하여 기능이 생겨나지만 죽으면 육체는 남고 영혼은 떠나버리나 영혼은 항존(恒存)하는 것이라는 주장. 그리고 범진(范縝)의 육체가 영혼의 질(質)이라면 영혼은 육체의 용(用)이라고 하면서 육체가 없다면 영혼 또한 없는 것이니 육체 즉 영혼이라는 주장들을 '난신멸론(難神滅論)'과 '신멸론(神滅論)'을 중심으로 하여 당시 학술계의 화두였던 '신멸(神滅)'과 '신불멸(神不滅)'의 논쟁을 집중 분석했다. 끝으로는 동진남북조(東晉南北朝) 시기에 유행하였던 형신사상(形神思想)의 의의와 그것이 중국철학사 속에서 차지하는 지위와 영향에 대하여 분석하고 조명했다.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• 제8권5호
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• pp.595-605
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• 2021

The objectives of this research are to see if the phenomena of "demand following" and "supply leading" exist in the business cycle, as well as to look at how liquidity and output react to changes in credit risk, investment-saving gap, inflation, exchange rate, and growth rate of real national output. Employing quarterly data of Maluku and North Maluku (2008-2019), this study utilizes VAR/VECM for inferential analysis. This research found three important findings. First, liquidity and output growth influenced each other in the long run. Second, the determinants of output growth for Maluku are liquidity, investment-saving gap, and inflation, while the determinants of liquidity are output-growth, the gap of investment-saving, and inflation. Third, the determinants of output growth for North Maluku are liquidity, credit risk, investment-saving gap, inflation, exchange rate, and the national output-growth, while the determinants of liquidity are output-growth, credit risk, investment-saving gap, inflation, exchange rate, and national output-growth. The findings of this study supported the hypothesis of demand following and supply leading theory in the Maluku and North Maluku business cycles. This study concludes that economic development would improve if supported by liquidity adequacy through increased deposit growth.

• 국제학술발표논문집
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• The 2th International Conference on Construction Engineering and Project Management
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• pp.704-710
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• 2007

This paper examines the operations of private housing developers (PHDs) based on Social Network Theory. PHDs need to choose the best consultants, contractors and suppliers (CCS) to make sure the project run and complete successfully. PHDs gather the scarce resources from the external environment through personal network. This research used the social network method which relies on alliances based on network, social, tie and trust. The more people/firm PHDs network with, the better chances of finding the right CCS.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• 제7권11호
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• pp.13-22
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• 2020

This research explores the appropriate rubber pricing model and the consistent empirical evidence. This model has been derived from the utility function and firm profit-maximization model of commodity goods. The finding shows that the period t - 1 affects expected commodity price and expected profit of commodity production. In fact, a change in the world price of rubber in the past period led to a change in the expected price of rubber in the short run which influenced the expected rubber profit. As a result, the past-period free on board price has an entirety effect on expected farm price of rubber given an exchange rate. In addition, the rubber pricing model indicates that the profit of local farmer on rubber plant depends solely on the world price of rubber in the short run in case of Thailand. In an empirical study, it was found that a change in the price of ribbed smoke sheet 3 in Singapore Commodity Exchange significantly and positively determined the fluctuation of rubber price at the farm gate in Thailand which was consistent with the behavior of the Thai farmers. Both prices are also cointegrated in the long run. That is, the result states that the VECM is an appropriated pricing model for forecasting the farm price in Thailand.

• 산경연구논집
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• 제8권5호
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• pp.7-13
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• 2017

Purpose - The purpose of this paper is to analyze the relationship between the real exchange rate and the output, which is based on the macroeconomic equilibrium theory in China. Its aim will be to verify whether the change in the real exchange rate has a significant effect on the output or not. Research design, data, and methodology - This study endeavors tries to investigate the correlation among economic variables under the macroeconomic market (the commodity market and the money market) equilibrium. So, time-series data from 1990 to 2016 is applied to establish a vector auto-regression (VAR) model so as to perform an empirical analysis. Results - The empirical results reveal that an increase in the real exchange rate will result in an increase in the output in the short run. However, the empirical results also indicate that this kind of mechanism cannot work in the long run. Conclusions - The effect of a decrease of real exchange rate on output is significant in the short run. Also, this paper suggests that the total supply and the total demand can promote economic growth. The fiscal and money policy play a significant role in economic growth in China as well.

• 한국수자원학회논문집
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• 제50권9호
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• pp.647-652
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• 2017

우리나라 해안지역에는 많은 섬들이 위치하고 있어 대규모 지진해일이 발생하였을 때 섬과 지진해일의 상호작용으로 예기치 않은 지진해일 피해가 우려된다. 2011년 발생한 동일본 지진해일의 경우 제주도를 비롯한 남해안 섬들에 영향을 미쳤다. 본 연구에서는 천수이론에 근거한 수치모형을 이용하여 섬 중앙에 대하여 비대칭으로 입사하는 고립파의 처오름높이에 관하여 연구한다. 연구에서 얻은 결과는 지진해일의 급습에 대비한 방재대책을 수립하는데 사용될 수 있을 것이다.

• 한국운동역학회지
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.11-17
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• 2006

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the smoothness of movement during various walking speeds. Based on the maximum smoothness theory (or the minimum jerk theory), we hypothesized that the walking speed at the maximum smoothness (or minimum normalized jerk) is the same as that at the minimum energy consumption. Eleven university students participated in treadmill walking experiment with 11 different walking speeds (1.11, 1.19, 1.25, 1.33, 1.56, 1.78, 1.9, 2, 211, 233, and 2.47m/sec). Normalized jerk at 15 markers and the center of mass was calculated. Results showed that there existed a quadratic relationship between the normalized jerk of the vertical direction at the center of mass and the walking speed As the walking speed increased, the normalized jerk of all directions at the heel decreased Our hypothesis that the previously published energetically optimal walking speed ($1.25\;{\sim}\;1.4m/s$) is the same as the minimum jerk speed (1.78m/s) did not agree with this result. The minimum normalized jerk at the center of mass occurred at the walking speed of 1.78m/s which was the preferred walking speed by subjects' questionaries. Further studies concerning the energetically optimal walking speed, preferred walking speed, and walk-run transition speed or run-walk transition speed are necessary based on actual energy consumption experiment and various multi-dimensional analysis.

• 수산경영론집
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.77-96
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• 1998

Fisheries products in Korea generally go through three markets, namely the wholesale market at production site (Market A), the wholesale market at consumption site (Market B), and the retail market (Market C), from producers to end consumers. As the products move from Market A through Market B to Market C, the marginal gap of prices asked in these markets demonstrates an apparent relationship. The producers, middlemen, consumers, and governmental departments concerned may influence the marketing prices of fisheries products. This study employing the cointegration theory tries to investigate whether causality of the price-setting among these markets exists and, if any, what it is. The authors have focused their attention on fisheries markets in Pusan, analyzing the long-run equilibrium relationship and causality between the prices of hairtail and squid among markets at different levels. Data used in this study cover the period f개m August 1984 to December 1997 fer hairtail, and the period from May 1989 to December 1997 for squid. The main findings of the study may be summarized as follows: First, regardless of the price time-series of hairtail and squid in individual market, the first difference is necessary fur satisfying the stationary conditions since each time-series is a first integration. This means homogeneous integration of time-series, which is a requirement of the long-run equilibrium of prices at different markets, is satisfied. Second, the study of the long-run equilibrium relationship between the prices at Market A and Market B shows that a long-run equilibrium relationship does exist for selling prices of the two species at Market A and Market B. Third, the ECM (error correction model ) used here to describe the long- and short-run dynamics of price change demonstrates that, in the case of squid, the price change in Market A will lead to a corresponding price change in Market B in the long-run period. In the short-run, however, the price at Market H is not only influenced by the price change in Market A but influence the price at Market A as well, that is, the Prices between Market A and Market B have a feedback effect. It should be stressed that the limitation in data collection, which cover only two species of hairtail and squid, is likely to cause a sampling bias. Nonetheless, we may conclude that a dynamic relation in the formation of prices does exist in view of the transaction amount of species at different markets. It is believed that the conclusion drawn from this study would not only contribute to a long-lasted debate on the direction of causality of price-setting among academic circle and fishing community, but would provide a useful standard for the policy makers in charge of the price-setting of fisheries products as well.