• International Journal of Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering
• /
• 제11권1호
• /
• pp.143-153
• /
• 2019

In this study, numerical simulations for the prediction of added resistance for KVLCC2 with varying wave steepness are performed using a Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) method and a 3-D linear potential method, and then the non-linearities of added resistance and ship motions are investigated in regular short and long waves. Firstly, grid convergence tests in short and long waves are carried out to establish an optimal mesh system for CFD simulations. Secondly, numerical simulations are performed to predict ship added resistance and vertical motion responses in short and long waves and the results are verified using the available experimental data. Finally, the non-linearities of added resistance and ship motions with unsteady wave patterns in the time domain are investigated with the increase in wave steepness in both short and long waves. The present systematic study demonstrates that the numerical results have a reasonable agreement with the experimental data and emphasizes the non-linearity in the prediction of the added resistance and the ship motions with the increasing wave steepness in short and long waves.

• Ocean Systems Engineering
• /
• 제5권4호
• /
• pp.261-277
• /
• 2015

Internal solitary waves occur due to density stratification and are nonlinear in nature. These waves have been observed in many parts of the world including the South China Sea, Andaman Sea and Sulu Sea. Their effect on floating systems has been an emerging field of interest and recent offshore developments in the South China Sea where several offshore oil and gas discoveries are located have confirmed adverse effects including large platform motions and riser system damage. A valid numerical model conforming to the physics of internal waves is implemented in this paper and the effect on a spar platform is studied. The physics of internal waves is modeled by the Korteweg-de Vries (KdV) equation, which has a general solution involving Jacobian elliptical functions. The effects of vertical density stratification are captured by solving the Taylor Goldstein equation. Fully coupled time domain analyses are conducted to estimate the effect of internal waves on a typical truss spar, which is configured to South China Sea development requirements and environmental conditions. The hull, moorings and risers are considered as an integrated system and the platform global motions are analyzed. The study could be useful for future guidance and development of offshore systems in the South China Sea and other areas where the internal wave phenomenon is prominent.

• 한국해양공학회지
• /
• 제33권3호
• /
• pp.236-244
• /
• 2019

Internal waves occur at the interface between two layers caused by a seawater density difference. The internal waves generated by a body moving in a two-layer fluid are also related to the generation of surface waves because of their interaction. In these complex flow phenomena, the experimental measurements and experimental set-up for the wave patterns of the internal waves and surface waves are very difficult to perform in a laboratory. Therefore, studies have mainly been carried out using numerical analysis. However, model tests are needed to evaluate the accuracy of numerical models. In this study, the various experimental conditions were evaluated using CFD simulations before experiments to measure the wave patterns of the internal waves and surface waves in a stratified two-layer fluid. The numerical simulation conditions included variations in the densities of the fluids, depth of the two-layer fluid, and moving speed of the underwater body.

• Smart Structures and Systems
• /
• 제29권2호
• /
• pp.279-286
• /
• 2022

In this article, a novel propagation formulation of Rayleigh waves in a compressible isotropic half-space with impedance boundary condition is proposed by embedding the normal stress. In a two-dimensional case, it is assumed that a design boundary is free of normal traction and a shear traction depends on linearly a normal component of displacements multiplied by frequencies. Therefore, impedance boundary conditions affect the normal stress, where the impedance parameters correspond to dimensions of stresses over velocity. On the other hand, vanished impedance values are traction-free boundary conditions. The main purpose of this article is to present theoretically the existence and uniqueness of a Rayleigh wave formulation relying on secular equation's mathematical analyses. Its velocity varies along with the impedance parameters. Moreover, numerical experiments with different values for the velocity of Rayleigh waves are carried out. The present Rayleigh waves study is a fundamental step in analyzing the cause and effect of physical states such as building or structure damages resulting from natural dynamics. The results of the study generate a basic design formulation theory to test the effects of Rayleigh waves affecting structures when an earthquake occurs. The presence and uniqueness of the proposed formulation is verified by mutual comparisons of several numerical examples.

• Composites Research
• /
• 제18권2호
• /
• pp.46-51
• /
• 2005

본 논문은 램파(Lamb waves)를 이용한 능동검사시스템을 구조 건전성 모니터링 시스템에 적용하기 위하여 램파의 특성연구를 수행하였다 연구는 보다 실제 구조물에 근접한 구조물을 고려하여 두께변화가 있는 준등방성 복합재 평판을 대상으로 PZT 탐촉자(transducer)를 표면에 부착하여 수행하였다. 본 연구에서는 두께변화로 인한 램파의 전파특성을 분석하기 위하여 간단하지만 새로운 기법을 적용하였다 본 연구의 결과는 램파의 전파특성은 상대적으로 얇은 구조물에 민감하였고 두께변화가 램파의 전파에 미치는 영향을 보여 주었다. 또한 본 연구에 사용한 분석기법은 램파를 이용한 구조 건전성 모니터링에 적용할 수 있는 가능성을 보여주었다.

• 한국해안해양공학회지
• /
• 제11권2호
• /
• pp.95-106
• /
• 1999

마찰의 효과가 고려된 유한 진폭 천수방정식을 이용하여 잠제 주변의 파랑장, 잠제에 의하여 발생되는 반사파와 투과파 뿐만 아니라 시간과 공간에 따른 자유수면 및 흐름의 동수역학적인 거동 특성을 해석할 수 있는 Lax-Wendroff 유한차분 수치모형이 수립되었다. 비선형 규칙파와 고립파가 입사하는 경우에 대한 해석 결과를 기존의 수치해 및 실험자료와 비교하여 수치모형이 만족스럽게 검증되었다. 규칙파에 대한 해석에서 잠제 전면에서 발생되는 반사파와 관련된 시간과 공간에 따른 자유수면의 변화나 흐름특성이 투과파의 그것보다 강하게 발생되는 것으로 나타나, 본 연구에서 해석된 제한적인 조건하에서는 잠제가 외해에서 내습하는 파랑에너지를 효율적으로 차단하는 것으로 밝혀졌다. 그러나 고립파의경우는 대부분의 파랑에너지가 잠제에 의하여 차단되지 않고 투과되는 것으로 나타났다. 마지막으로 파랑장의 동수역학적인 거동특성으로부터 잠제를 피복하고 있는 피복재의 안전성과 관련된 해석이 간접적으로 수행되었다.

• 한국해양공학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국해양공학회 2006년 창립20주년기념 정기학술대회 및 국제워크샵
• /
• pp.105-112
• /
• 2006

Freak waves in the ocean are recently drawing much attention as a natural disaster to ocean structures and navigating ships as well. Several observation data, among them the Draupner New Year Wave, show the very impressive feature of Freak waves whose wave height is up to three times as high as the significant wave height of surrounding waves, In addition, Freak wave appears as an isolated very high crest in somewhat stationary random waves of same order in their wavelengths. Bearing such characteristics in mind, one notices its extraordinary steepness. This strongly suggests that Freak wave is not long lived but transient nature on the whole. A great number of studies to explain these natures were published from both theoretical and numerical point of view. However it is not sure if they are applicable to actual ocean environment. In this paper, we deal with the results concerning abnormal and/or Freak waves from in-situ ocean wave data and point out several remarks to the problems lain behind the contributions in this context. A physical experiment is described to reinforce the subject discussed from the observation data.

• 대한기계학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 대한기계학회 2000년도 춘계학술대회논문집A
• /
• pp.591-595
• /
• 2000

Sound absorbing characteristics of poroelastic materials is known to be greatly affected by high intensity acoustic waves. However, this effect has not been considered yet. In this study, the extended semilinear model based on Biot's theory for the porous materials and the characteristics of nonlinear waves in poroelastic sound absorbing materials were introduced. The expressions for the finite-amplitude acoustic plane waves were presented. By combining each nonlinear wave with appropriate matching conditions, we could investigate the effects of finite-amplitude acoustic waves on absorption characteristics of poroelastic materials. In the most ideal case considered in this paper, the absorption coefficient was found to become larger than that of linear incident waves. It was shown that the absorption coefficient became greater especially as frequency goes higher and as distance from the source goes larger. These phenomena may be inferred to result from 'dissipation effects due to nonlinearity'. This finding may have important implications for high intensity noise control.

• 한국해안해양공학회지
• /
• 제8권1호
• /
• pp.37-43
• /
• 1996

본 논문에서는 2차원 수조의 임의 지점에서 쇄파를 만드는 실험방법에 대하여 논하였다. 쇄파를 만들기 위해서 임의의 지점에 각 성분의 파정이 모이도록 위상차를 갖는 선형파를 합성하여 조파기를 작동시켰다. 또한 조파판의 운동진폭을 조절하여 다양한 파기울기에 대하여 실험을 수행하였다. 실험 결과 운동진폭이 너무 작은 경우에는 쇄파현상이 일어나지 않았고 불규칙한 파형만이 나타났으며, 최대파고가 H=0.0113g/T$^2$ 이상이어야 쇄파 현상이 나타남을 확인하였다. 쇄파의 모양은 대부분 경우에 spilling 형태였고, 특정한 운동진폭일 때 plunging 형태의 쇄파를 관찰할 수 있었다. 한편 비점성, 비압축성 유체로 가정하여 얻어진 경계적분방정식을 고차경계요소로 이산화하여 수치계산을 수행하였다. 자유표면의 처리를 위해서 Mixed Euler-Lagrangian 기법을 이용하였다 수치결과는 자유표면에서 주파수간의 상호간섭의 영향을 제대로 반영하고 있으며, 실험에서 계측한 파형을 제대로 모사하고 있음을 확인할 수 있었다.

• 대한기계학회논문집A
• /
• 제35권10호
• /
• pp.1257-1264
• /
• 2011

짧은 시간에 장거리를 전파하는 유도 초음파의 특성을 이용하면 빠르게 넓은 영역의 검사가 가능하다. 그러나 레일의 경우와 같이 단면이 단순하지 않고 임의의 형상을 갖는 구조물의 경우 초음파 전달시 발생하는 분산 특성이나 다수의 모드의 발생으로 초음파 신호의 분석에 어려움을 겪는다. 따라서 실용적인 유도 초음파 검사 시스템을 개발하기 위해서는 먼저 레일내를 전파하여 전달되는 초음파의 거동특성을 이해하여야 한다. 특히 레일내를 전파하는 초음파의 분산특성은 필수적으로 확인되어야 할 특성이다. 본논문에서는 SAFE법을 활용하여 KS60 레일내를 전파하는 초음파의 분산곡선을 구하는 방법을 소개하고 유도초음파를 활용한 레일 검사의 가능성에 대하여 살펴보았다.