• Biomedical Science Letters
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.43-49
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• 2003

This study was carried out to investigate the effect of crude ginseng saponin (CGS) on blood chemical parameters in adult female guinea pigs exposed to 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD). A total of 80 guinea pigs (800$\pm$20g) were divided into 8 groups: group 1 (normal control group) was given vehicle (corn oil containing small amount of acetone and DMSO) and saline; group 2 (single TCDD-treated) received TCDD (1 $\mu\textrm{g}$/kg, i.p.) and saline (i.p.); groups 3 and 4 were administered CGS at a daily i.p. doses of 10 and 20 mg/kg for 4 weeks, respectively; groups 5 and 6 were administered CGS (10 and 20 mg/kg, respectively) for 5 weeks starting 1 week before TCDD-exposure; groups 7 and 8 were administered CGS (10 and 20 mg/kg, respectively) for 3 weeks from 1 week after TCDD-exposure. CGS was prepared by Diaion HP-20 adsorption chromatography. Body weights of G2 were significantly decreased from the and week after TCDD-exposure (P<0.01). Body weights of the CGS-treated groups were also decreased by TCDD-exposure but the weight loss was greatly retarded compared with that of G2. Increase in blood glucose, amylase, lipase, total cholesterol, triglyceride, AST and LDL-cholesterol levels by TCDD exposure was significantly attenuated by the CCS-treatment (P<0.05). From these results, we found that saponin, the main active ingredient of gineseng, played a protective role in TCDD-induced toxicity and ginseng protected female animals from dioxin-induced toxic manifestation.

• Resources Recycling
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.56-64
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• 2022

Construction waste is generated at a rate of approximately 221,102 tons/day in Korea. In particular, mixed construction waste generates approximately 24,582 tons/day. The other components were recycled by 98.9%. The amount of greenhouse gas emissions from the waste was 17.1 million tons of CO2 equaling 2.3% of the total greenhouse gas emissions. To reduce greenhouse gas emissions, reducing the environmental impact is becoming increasingly important. However, appropriate treatment must first be established, as mixed construction waste is also increasing. Thus, an effective plan is urgently needed because it is frequently segregated and sorted by the landfill and incinerated. In addition, there is an urgent need to prepare various effective recycling methods rather than a simple treatment. Therefore, this study analyzed the environmental impact of the treatment of mixed construction waste by calculating greenhouse gas emissions. As a result, the highest greenhouse gas generation occurred during the incineration stage. Moreover, the optimal method to reduce greenhouse gas emissions is recycling and energy recovery from waste. In addition, the amount of greenhouse gas generated during energy recovery from the waste stage was the second highest. However, greenhouse gas emissions can be reduced by using waste as energy to reduce fossil fuel consumption. In addition, for the transportation stage, the optimal reduction plan is to minimize the amount of greenhouse gas emissions by setting the optimal distance and applying biofuel and electric vehicle operations.

• Analytical Science and Technology
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.453-465
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• 2000

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were produced by thermoreaction (incompletely combustion) of organic compounds such as fuel, gasoline, diesel etc, and were known the strong carcinogenic compounds. In our country, a study for health risk assessment of PAHs in air were needed according to rapidly increasing of motor vehicle and progressing to industrial country. In this study, concentrations of PAHs in 263 air samples of fourteen sites-Seoul, Pusan, etc-according to four times sampling for one year are measured by GC/MSD for basic research for health risk assessment. As the result, 14 PAHs are detected in all samples and annual average concentration of total PAHs was $28.72ng/m^3$ and highest average concentration of total PARs was $47.76ng/m^3$ in winter season. The concentrations of total PAHs are proportioned to amount of extracted organic material (EOM). The average concentration of total PAHs in EOM was 0.28%.

• Journal of the Korean GEO-environmental Society
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• v.24 no.11
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• pp.41-49
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• 2023

In this study, we analyzed the settlement characteristics of rockfill embankments mixed with soil by confirming the physical properties of soil materials mixed with silty materials and analyzing the compression characteristics of gravel materials according to the mixing ratio of soil materials. For this, we mixed silty materials into sandy soil to analyze the compression characteristics of soil materials, and we constructed a foundation by mixing various ratios of soil into rockfill materials with a particle distribution similar to that of river gravel, and conducted a one-dimensional compression experiment using a medium-sized chamber. As a result of the experiment, in the case of mixed soil materials, the Transition Fine Content (TFC) appeared in the range of 21~26% depending on the load condition, and in the case of rockfill materials mixed with soil, as the void filling ratio of soil in gravel samples increases, both total compression and creep compression decreases, but after a 50% mixing ratio, the settlement of amount increases again.

• Proceedings of the KSAR Conference
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• 2003.06a
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• pp.17-17
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• 2003

The milk of transgenic animals may provide an attractive vehicle for large-scale production of hEPO. Since glycosylation is cell type specific, recombinant human EPO (rhEPO) produced in different host cells contain different patterns of oligosaccharides, which could affect the biological functions. However, there have been no reports on the characteristics of rhEPO derived from milk of transgenic animals. To address this objective, several transgenic mice by using pWAPhEPO and/or pBC1hEPO expression vector were produced. However, 2 lines of pWAPhEPO founder female mouse died during late gestational day (day 18) before offspring could be obtained. They showed a severe splenomegaly, Unlike those of pWAPhEPO, mammary gland epithelial cells from biopsies of lactating pBC1hEPO transgenic mice had marked immunoreactivity to EPO and any activity was not detected in other tissues. The expression level of rhEPO is about 0.7% of mammary gland cellular total soluble proteins and an amount of 300~500 mg/L rhEPO is secreted into milk. Furthermore, the pBC1hEPO transgenic mice transmitted this character to their progeny in mendelian manner. In order to determine the extent of glycosylation variation, N-linked oligosaccharide structures present in the milk-derived rhEPO were characterized. Most of milk-derived rhEPO is fully glycosylated. the biological activity of milk-derived rhEPO was comparable to that of purified CHO-derived rhEPO, and milk-derived rhEPO showed relatively stable after freezing and thawing. Taken together, the results illustrate the potential of transgenic animals in the large-scale production of biopharmaceuticals.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Crop Science Conference
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• 2022.10a
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• pp.88-88
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• 2022

Detection of stress responses in crops is important to diagnose crop growth and evaluate yield. Also, the multi-spectral sensor is effectively known to evaluate stress caused by nutrient and moisture in crops or biological agents such as weeds or diseases. Therefore, in this experiment, multispectral images were taken by an unmanned aerial vehicle(UAV) under field condition. The experiment was conducted in the long-term fertilizer field in the National Institute of Crop Science, and experiment area was divided into different status of NPK(Control, N-deficiency, P-deficiency, K-deficiency, Non-fertilizer). Total 11 vegetation indices were created with RGB and NIR reflectance values using python. Variations in nutrient content in plants affect the amount of light reflected or absorbed for each wavelength band. Therefore, the objective of this experiment was to evaluate vegetation indices derived from multispectral reflectance data as input into machine learning algorithm for the classification of nutritional deficiency in rice. RandomForest model was used as a representative ensemble model, and parameters were adjusted through hyperparameter tuning such as RandomSearchCV. As a result, training accuracy was 0.95 and test accuracy was 0.80, and IPCA, NDRE, and EVI were included in the top three indices for feature importance. Also, precision, recall, and f1-score, which are indicators for evaluating the performance of the classification model, showed a distribution of 0.7-0.9 for each class.

• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.45-52
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• 2010

The objective of this paper is to develop and apply a method that estimates the amount of traffic congestion (vehicle hours of delay) caused by traffic accidents that occur on freeways in Korea. A key feature of this research is the development of a method to separate the non- recurrent delay from any recurrent delay that is present on the road at the time and place of a reported accident. The main idea to separate these two delays is to use the speed difference between speed under accident condition and speed under normal flow condition. For the case study application, two datasets were combined to accomplish the objective of the study: (1) accident data and (2) traffic flow data. Eventually, the results can be useful for the performance evaluation of accident reduction program, for strategic plans to cope with congestion caused by traffic accidents, and for rectification of the estimation method for traffic congestion costs.

• Herbal Formula Science
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.153-161
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• 2016

Chronic alcoholic myopathy is one of the most common skeletal muscle disorders. It is characterized by a reduction in the entire skeletal musculature, skeletal muscle weakness, and difficulties in gait. Patients with alcoholic hepatitis and cirrhosis have severe muscle loss that contributes to worsening outcome. Although the myopathy selectively affects Type II (fast twitch, glycolytic, anaerobic) skeletal muscle fibers, total skeletal musculature is reduced. The severity of the muscle atrophy is proportional to the duration and amount of alcohol consumed and leads to decreased muscle strength. The mechanisms for the myopathy are generally unknown but it is not due to overt nutritional deficiency, nor due to either neuropathy or severe liver disease. Skeletal muscle mass and protein content are maintained by a balance between protein synthesis and breakdown and in vivo animal models studies have shown that ethanol inhibits skeletal muscle protein synthesis. Daekumeumja is a traditional Korean medicine that is widely employed to treat various alcohol-induced diseases. Muscle diseases are often related to liver diseases and conditions. The main objective of this study was to assess that Daekumeumja extract could have protective effect against alcoholic myopathy in a Sprague-Dawley rat model. Rats were orally given 25% ethanol (5ml/kg, body weight) for 8 weeks. After 30 minutes, rats were administrated with Daekumeumja extract. Controls were similarly administrated with the vehicle alone. The weights of gastrocnemius, soleus and plantaris muscles were assessed and the morphologic changes of gastrocnemius and plantaris muscles were also assessed by hematoxylin and eosin staining. In results, The muscles from ethanol treated rats displayed a significant reduction in muscle weight and average cross section area compared to Normal group. Daekumeumja extract treated group showed increased muscle weight and muscle fiber compared to the ethanol treated group. It was concluded that Daekumeumja extract showed ameliorating effects on chronic alcohol myopathy in skeletal muscle.

• Journal of Korean Library and Information Science Society
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• v.47 no.2
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• pp.305-328
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• 2016

This study is intended to check economic value of and factors influencing children's library. To this end, data on a total of 614 questionnaires to which parents among users of 6 children's libraries responded were collected. The results of analysis by contingent valuation method after selecting library fee per person as payment vehicle were as follows. First, willingness to pay was estimated to be a monthly average of KRW 9,243 per person. Second, it was shown that factors influencing willingness to pay included the frequency of utilization, satisfaction, the number of children per family, gender, age, and income and so on. Third, with regard to influence according to each factor, an additional unit in all the rest of factors except gender increased probability of willingness to pay such as the frequency of utilization(1.140), satisfaction(1.335), the number of children per family(1.417), age(1.124), income(2.426). On the other hand, in terms of gender, probability of willingness to pay was lower in female by 0.364 than in male. The implication of this study is that an interview is held with actual user and specific amount of money is presented regarding the economic value of children's library, which has been little known until now.

• Journal of the Mineralogical Society of Korea
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.1-9
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• 2017

This study investigated the effectiveness of Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) and 3D modeling on mine reclamation monitoring. The high spatial resolution of 3.8 cm ortho-mosaic image and Digital Elevation Model (DEM) are constructed based on UAV air survey. The ortho-mosaic image effectively shows mine reclamation activities and recognize objects and topological changes in the image. The comparative analysis of 3D models between UAV based DEM and report based DEM reveals that total amount of $268,672m^3$ additional dumping of contaminated soil is equivalent to 710,000 ton. It concludes that a UAV based survey enables high accuracy spatial information extraction for mine reclamation activities with high efficiency. It is expected that UAV survey will be very effectively used for preliminary data acquisition and project monitoring for mine reclamation activities.