• Journal of International Academy of Physical Therapy Research
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.871-877
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• 2015

This research was conducted to investigate the effect of continuous antagonistic muscle strengthening exercise and Evjenth-Hamberg stretching on the pulmonary function of university students with abnormal transformation of forward head posture(FHP). The results of study subject to the continuous antagonistic muscle strengthening(CAS) group(n=10) and Evjenth- Hamberg stretching(EHS) group(n=10) that was conducted 3 times a week for 6 weeks are as follow. FVC, IVC, and MVV all were shown to be significant in the pre post comparison between the CAS group and EHS group(p<.05), and significant difference was shown for MW between the two groups(p<.05) in which the CAS group showed better effect. Based on the results above, it is considered that combining continuous antagonistic muscle strengthening exercise has better effect on pulmonary function compared to application of only Evjenth-Hamberg stretching.

• Physical Therapy Korea
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.67-74
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• 2010

The purpose of this study was to examine the acute effects of nerve mobilization, static stretching, and hold-relax on the flexibility of hamstring muscles and their surface electromyographic (EMG) responses to passive stretches in poststroke hemiparesis. This study was a randomized cross-over trial. Fourteen subjects received three treatment sessions in random order with each consisting of ten repetitions. The treatment sessions included nerve mobilization, static stretching, and hold-relax. The treatment sessions were held at least 24 hours apart to minimize any carryover effect. The outcome was measured by the distance between the greater trochanter and lateral malleolus and hamstring EMG activity during passive knee extension stretching. Repeated-measures analysis of variance showed significant changes in hamstring flexibility and EMG activity in main effect of time pre, post and followup (p<.05). However, no significant differences occurred among the three stretching techniques. No technique was consistently found to be superior. The three stretching techniques in this study make it difficult to determine the most effective technique. Therefore, clinicians use nerve mobilization of effective stretching techniques with other stretching techniques.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.559-567
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• 2005

The purpose of this research is to study how the stretching exercise along with heat and electric therapy can effect on Angle of Lumbar Flexion and Reduction of Pain against the Hamstring Construction Symptom that can be found in the Chronic Low Back Patients. The target of research was 28 person selected out of the patients diagnosed as Lumbar Sprain and Lumbar Syndrome, who have positive from the active test of Hamstring construction and passive test. Their age range is 20 to 60 years old, 14 male and 14 female. As a research method, simple heat and electric therapy was applied to counter part while Hamstring Stretching Exercise including simple heat and electric therapy was applied to the experimental part. After 6 weeks treatment for each part, the results of effect on Angle of Lumbar Flexion and Pain Reduction was compared and analysed on the basis of the gravity angle meter and Visual Analogue Scale (VAS). The outcome of research is as follows: 1. Angle of Lumbar Flextion increased effectively not in the conventional counter group but the experimental group to which Hamstring Stretching was applied simultaneously. 2. remarkable effect was shown in the experimental part applied Hamstring Stretching. Consequently from the results of this study, we could find out the fact that the therapy combined preserve treatment and hamstring stretching not only produced increasing Lumbar Flexion Angle but also was more effective on reducing pain of the patients according to it than the conventional or preserve therapy.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Physical Medicine
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.27-32
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• 2016

PURPOSE: This study compared the immediate effect of a passive mobilization of upper cervical spine (Kaltenborn's joint mobilization) and an active upper cervical stretching (Olaf's Auto-stretching) on patients with neck pain and ROM. METHODS: Twenty-three subjects were randomized selected in the passive group (Kaltenborn's joint mobilization) included twelve subjects and the active group (Olaf's Auto-stretching) included eleven subjects. VAS (Visual Analogue Scale) was measured before and after neck rotation performance. DUALER IQ PRO (JTECH Medical, U.S.A.) was used to measure the neck ROM. Mean value of double measurement was used before performance and after performance. SPSS version 18 was used to compare values independent t-test and paired t-test were used to compare pain and ROM. RESULTS: There are significant difference in the pain and the ROM in both of two group (p<.05). But there are no significant difference pain and ROM between two groups. CONCLUSION: Both of the passive mobilization of upper cervical spine and the active upper cervical stretching are effected on symptom improvement of patients with neck pain reduction and ROM increasing. Especially active upper cervical stretching is more economical, because it has similar effects with the passive mobilization, help to maintain the treatment effect of therapist by themselves and can help to save medical expenses of patients.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.553-557
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• 2013

The stretching vibration of OH of ice Ih is studied by Car-Parrinello molecular dynamics in regarding the effect of mixed H/D contamination while the vibrational spectrum is considered by velocity-velocity autocorrelations of the sampled ensemble. When hydrogen atoms are immersed randomly into the deuterated ice, a typical vibrational frequency of OH stretching mode is observed to be similar to that from the pure $H_2O$ ice. When focusing on the correlation of isolated neighboring OH stretching, a narrower and blue shifted peak is observed at the high frequency range as a result of the screening from the complex many body correlations by $D_2O$ environment. It is also specifically related to the symmetric intermolecular correlations between neighboring OH stretching modes. More enhanced high frequency range can be explained by the expansion of such two body correlations to collective many body correlations among all possible OH stretching modes. This contribution becomes important when it involves in chemical interactions via excitation of such vibrational states.

• Journal of computational fluids engineering
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.20-33
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• 2004

In this study a stretching-mapping method is proposed for calculating the materials' stretching exponents, which are to be used in quantification of the mixing effect. In this method, the mapping tensor associated with the deformation of each fluid material is first obtained. Then deformations of a lot of materials are obtained by applying the mapping tensor. The local stretching rates and their space-average values are next computed with the mapped deformations. Application to a simple time-periodic flow within a cavity shows that the method is indeed effective compared with the conventional method; i.e. the mapping method is fast and yields the same results as the conventional one.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Physical Medicine
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.183-192
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• 2013

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to research the effect of self-Stretching Exercise on musculoskeletal Symptom and job Stress for care helpers who work at geriatric hospital and come up to NIOSH standard. METHODS: The effect of self-Stretching Exercise was measured using 'musculoskeletal symptom survey table' and 'Job stress measurement scale for korean' from the Korea Occupational Safety and Health Agency(KOSHA) for 40 care helpers. The paired t-test and independent t-test was used for statistical analysis. RESULTS: The pracitce of Self-Stretching Exercise was showed significant effect reducing the stress for care helper's total job Stress and inappropriate compensation, job instability, job requirement, relationship conflict, physical environment(p<.05), and significant difference for their total score, relationship conflict, structure and organization, physical environment, inappropriate compensation improvement on variations on job stress in groups(p<.05). However, self-Stretching Exercis was showed no significant effect on physcial burden. CONCLUSION: The self-Stretching Exercise was the most effect way to reduce Musculoskeletal Symptom and job Stress for a care helpers through the guidance of physical therapist.

• Earthquakes and Structures
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• v.13 no.5
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• pp.509-518
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• 2017

The objective of the present paper is to investigate the bending behavior with stretching effect of carbon nanotube-reinforced composite (CNTRC) beams. The beams resting on the Pasternak elastic foundation, including a shear layer and Winkler spring, are considered. The single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) are aligned and distributed in polymeric matrix with different patterns of reinforcement. The material properties of the CNTRC beams are estimated by using the rule of mixture. The significant feature of this model is that, in addition to including the shear deformation effect and stretching effect it deals with only 4 unknowns without including a shear correction factor. The single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) are aligned and distributed in polymeric matrix with different patterns of reinforcement. The material properties of the CNTRC beams are assessed by employing the rule of mixture. The equilibrium equations have been obtained using the principle of virtual displacements. The mathematical models provided in this paper are numerically validated by comparison with some available results. New results of bending analyses of CNTRC beams based on the present theory with stretching effect is presented and discussed in details. the effects of different parameters of the beam on the bending responses of CNTRC beam are discussed.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• v.67 no.2
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• pp.125-130
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• 2018

This study deals with buckling analysis with stretching effect of functionally graded carbon nanotube-reinforced composite beams resting on an elastic foundation. The single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) are aligned and distributed in polymeric matrix with different patterns of reinforcement. The material properties of the CNTRC beams are estimated by using the rule of mixture. The significant feature of this model is that, in addition to including the shear deformation effect and stretching effect it deals with only 4 unknowns without including a shear correction factor. The equilibrium equations have been obtained using the principle of virtual displacements. The mathematical models provided in this paper are numerically validated by comparison with some available results. New results of buckling analyses of CNTRC beams based on the present theory with stretching effect is presented and discussed in details. the effects of different parameters of the beam on the buckling responses of CNTRC beam are discussed.

• Journal of International Academy of Physical Therapy Research
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.1642-1650
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• 2018

The purpose of this study was to identify the effect of proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNF) stretching exercise and joint mobilization on ankle joint range of motion (ROM), plantar pressure, and balance in subjects with stroke. Thirty patients (n=30) were organized into three groups, each of which received different treatments: PNF stretching (n=10), joint mobilization (n=10), and joint mobilization and PNF stretching combined (n=10). Each group received three exercise sessions per week for four weeks. The ankle ROM was measured using a goniometer, and plantar pressure and balance ability were measured using BioResque static posturography. In comparison within each group, the joint mobilization group and the joint mobilization with PNF stretching group showed significant improvements in ankle ROM, plantar pressure, and balance ability (p<.05). In comparison between the groups, a statistically significant difference was found in SECS change between the PNF stretching group, joint mobilization group and the joint mobilization with PNF stretching group. This study found demonstrates that the joint mobilization and joint mobilization with the PNF stretching methods were effective in improving ankle ROM, plantar pressure, and balance ability in stroke patients.