• 한국콘크리트학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국콘크리트학회 2008년도 추계 학술발표회 제20권2호
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• pp.121-124
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• 2008

FRP를 적용하는 대표적인 보강공법으로는 외부부착공법으로서, FRP Plate 또는 fiber sheet를 사용하여 노후화된 보강면에 FRP 보강재를 부착하는 형식이다. 하지만, 이러한 외부부착공법은 FRP보강재의 인장특성을 충분히 발휘하지 못하는 단점이 있다. 따라서 외부부착공법의 단점을 보완하기 위해 표면매립공법, 즉, Near Surface Mounted(이하 NSM)공법이 제안되었다. 이는 FRP 보강재를 매립함으로써 부재와 보강재의 부착 성능을 증가시킴에 따라 효율적인 응력전달 및 조기 debonding을 사전에 방지할 수 있으며, 이로 인해 FRP 보강재의 인장특성이 효율적으로 발휘될 수 있다. 효율적인 NSM 보강을 위해서는, 구조물에 가해지는 하중, 구성재료, 구조물의 기하학적 형상 등이 갖는 불확실 특성을 반영하여, 보강 후 구조물의 신뢰도를 기준으로 한 보강성능 평가가 필요하다. 본 연구에서는 노후화된 철도교 실교량 모델을 선정하여 외부하중, 재료 및 기하학적 형상의 불확실성을 Monte Carlo Simulation확률기법을 적용하여 그 분포특성을 분석한 후, NSM 보강에 대한한계상태 함수를 통해 목표신뢰도에 부합할 수 있는 휨보강비를 도출하고자 하였다. 해석결과 LS-25하중을 상회하는 내하력 증진효과를 확률분포로써 확인할 수 있었다. 따라서 확률신뢰성기법을 적용한 보강설계의 유효성을 확인할 수 있었으며, 추후 다양한 보강공법으로의 적용이 가능할 것으로 판단된다.

• Earthquakes and Structures
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.275-283
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• 2018

Seismic strengthening is essential for existing bridge piers which are deficient to resist the earthquake. The concrete and CFRP jackets with a bottom-anchoring method are used to strengthen railway bridge piers with low reinforcement ratio. Quasi-static tests of scaled down model piers are performed to evaluate the seismic performance of the original and strengthened bridge pier. The fracture characteristics indicate that the vulnerable position of the railway bridge pier with low reinforcement ratio during earthquake is the pier-footing region and shows flexural failure mode. The force-displacement relationships show that the two strengthening techniques using CFRP and concrete jackets can both provide a significant improvement in load-carrying capacity for railway bridge piers with low reinforcement ratio. It is clear that the bottom-anchoring method by using planted steel bars can guarantee the CFRP and concrete jackets to work jointly with original concrete piers Furthermore, it can be found that the use of CFRP jacket offers advantages over concrete jacket in improving the energy dissipation capacity under lateral cyclic loading. Therefore, the seismic strengthening techniques by the use of CFRP and concrete jackets provide alternative choices for the large numbers of existing railway bridge piers with low reinforcement ratio in China.

• 콘크리트학회논문집
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• 제21권6호
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• pp.681-688
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• 2009

철도교량은 일반적으로 공용기간동안 진동과 충격에 의한 구조적 영향을 받는다. 이와 같은 이유로 내하력 증진을 위한 보강성능 검토 시 철도교에 작용하는 외부하중에 효율적으로 저항할 수 있는 보강성능이 요구된다. 이 연구에서는 철도교의 공용 중 진동 및 충격하중에 효율적으로 저항할 수 있는 보강공법으로써 NSM 보강공법을 제안하였다. 이는 기존 탄소섬유외부부착 공법에 비해 부착성능 및 보강성능이 우수한 공법이다. NSM 보강공법은 현재 다양한 실험적 연구들이 진행되고 있으나, 실교량으로의 범용적인 적용을 위해서는 보강설계에 필요한 합리적인 보강비 산정이 필수적이다. 이를 위해, 이 연구에서는 재료적 및 기하학적 불확실성이 반영된 확률 신뢰도기반 NSM 보강비 산정방법을 제안하여 임계보강비를 산정하고자 한다. 이를 위해, Monte Carlo Simulation(MCS) 기법으로 도출된 재료 및 단면치수에 대한 불확실성 특성을 내부저항모멘트 설계식에 반영하여, 외부활하중의 불확실성 특성이 반영된 외부하중모멘트에 대한 안전도 평가를 수행하였으며, 목표신뢰성지수 3.5를 만족할 수 있도록 하는 CFRP 플레이트의 임계보강비를 산출하였다.

• 콘크리트학회논문집
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.110-117
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• 2002

공용하중의 증가 등에 따른 교량 바닥판의 성능향상 시 바닥판 두께, 콘크리트 강도, 철근강도 그리고 철근비와 더불어 보강재비에 의하여 바닥판의 파괴양상은 바뀌어 질 수 있다. 일반적으로 교량 바닥판의 파괴양상은 주철근 및 배력철근의 항복 이후에 펀칭전단파괴가 발생하는 것으로 나타나고 있으며, 외부부착공법을 적용함에 있어서 이러한 파괴양상을 유지해야 될 것으로 판단된다. 본 연구에서는 바닥판에 사용된 철근비 및 보강재비 등을 주요변수로 하여 항복선 이론 및 소성 펀칭모델 등을 적용한 항복강도 및 파괴강도를 해석하였으며, 철근비에 따른 임계보강재량을 제안하였다.

• Advances in concrete construction
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.93-104
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• 2020

Basalt fiber is an eco-friendly fiber and comparatively newer to the world of fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) composites. A limited number of studies have been reported in the literature on the strengthening of reinforced concrete (RC) beams with basalt fiber reinforced polymer (BFRP). The present experimental work explores the feasibility of using the BFRP strips for shear strengthening of the RC beams. The strengthening schemes include full wrap and U-wrap. A simple mechanical anchorage scheme has been introduced to prevent the debonding of U-wrap as well as to utilize the full capacity of the BFRP composite. The effect of varying shear span-to-effective depth (a/d) ratio on the behavior of shear deficient RC beams strengthened with BFRP strips under different schemes is examined. The RC beams were tested under a four-point loading system. The study finds that the beams strengthened with and without BFRP strips fails in shear for a/d ratio 2.5 and the enhancement of the shear capacity of strengthened beams ranges from 5% to 20%. However, the strengthened beams fail in flexure, and the control beam fails in shear for a higher a/d ratio, i.e., 3.5. The experimental results of the present study have been compared with the analytical study and found that the latter gives conservative results.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• 제49권6호
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• pp.685-699
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• 2023

In recent years, Carbon Fibre Reinforced Plastic (CFRP) strengthening is found to be one of the best methods to strengthen steel structures. The fibrous bond can also influence the vibration characteristics of the strengthened element apart from its static strength enhancement property. The main objective of this study is to understand the influence of CFRP strengthening on the dynamic Behaviour of Thin-Webbed Castellated Beams (TWCBs). A detailed experimental investigation was carried out on five sets of beams with varying parameters such as domination of shear (Shear Dominant, Moment Dominant and Moment and Shear Dominant), sectional classification (Plastic and Semi-compact) and perforation geometries (h_o/d_wratio 0.65 and e/h_o ratio 0.3). Free vibration analysis was carried out by exciting the simply supported TWCBs with an impact force generated by a ball dropped from a specific height. Logarithmic decrement method was used to obtain the damping ratio and natural frequencies of vibration were found by Fast Fourier Transform (FFT). Natural frequency showed an increase in a range of 10.5 - 55% for the different sets of castellated beams. An increase of 62.30% was noted in the damping ratio of TWCBs after strengthening which is an indication of improvement in the vibration characteristics of the beam.

• 펄프종이기술
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• 제47권6호
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• pp.130-138
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• 2015

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of the strengthening treatment of methyl cellulose (MC) on properties and aging characteristics of the dewaxed papers during humid heating aging. Beeswax-treated Hanji was dewaxed by the supercritical fluid extraction method, and subsequently the strengthening treatment was performed with MCs having three different viscosities. MC was first applied by dipping a dewaxed paper into a MC solution whose concentration was controlled from 0.5% to 1.5%. After the strengthened papers were artificially aged at $80^{\circ}C$ and 65% RH, the changes in optical and mechanical properties of the samples were evaluated. The results show that viscosity and especially pick-up of MC influenced the strengthening efficiency and aging characteristics of dewaxed paper. Strength was increased with the MC coating weight; in addition, strengthening with MC improved preservability of the dewaxed paper. The optimum conditions for the strengthening with MC was found to be the coating ratio of 4% with 1500 cP MC.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.623-639
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• 2015

Self-compacting Concrete (SCC) Filled Square steel Tubes (SCFST) was used to strengthen square RC columns. To establish the efficiency of this strengthening method, 17 columns were tested under axial compression loading including 3 RC columns without any strengthening (WRC), 1 RC column strengthened with concrete jacket (CRC), 13 RC columns strengthened with self-compacting concrete filled square steel tubes (SRC). The experimental results showed that the use of SCFST is interesting since the ductility and the bearing capacity of the RC columns are greatly improved. The improvement ratio is significantly affected by the nominal wall thickness of steel tubes (t), the strength grade of strengthening concrete (C), and the length-to-width ratio (L / B) of the specimens. In order to quantitatively analyze the effect of these test parameters on axial loading behavior of the SRC columns, three performance indices, enhancement ratio (ER), ductility index (DI), and confinement ratio (CR), were used. The strength of the SRC columns obtained from the experiments was then employed to verify the proposed mode referring to the relevant codes. It was found that codes DBJ13-51 could relatively predict the strength of the SRC columns accurately, and codes AIJ and BS5400 were relatively conservative.

• Computers and Concrete
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• 제21권6호
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• pp.607-622
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• 2018

A non-linear finite element model (FEM) was constructed using a three-dimensional software (ATENA-3D) to investigate the effect of strengthening on the behavior of prestressed hollow-core (PHC) slabs with or without openings. The slabs were strengthened using near surface mounted (NSM)-carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) strips. The constructed model was validated against experimental results that were previously reported by the authors. The validated FEM was then used to conduct an extensive parametric study to examine the influence of prestressing reinforcement ratio, compressive strength of concrete and strengthening reinforcement ratio on the behavior of such slabs. The FEM results showed good agreement with the experimental results where it captured the cracking, yielding, and ultimate loads as well as the mid-span deflection with a reasonable accuracy. Also, an overall enhancement in the structural performance of these slabs was achieved with an increase in prestressing reinforcement ratio, compressive strength of concrete, external reinforcement ratio. The presence of openings with different dimensions along the flexural or shear spans reduced significantly the capacity of the PHC slabs. However, strengthening these slabs with 2 and 4 (64 and $128mm^2$ that represent reinforcement ratios of 0.046 and 0.092%) CFRP strips was successful in restoring the original strength of the slab and enhancing post-cracking stiffness and load carrying capacity.

• 한국지진공학회논문집
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.101-109
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• 2023

Steel brace strengthening is the most popular seismic rehabilitation method for school buildings. This is because the design can be conducted by using relatively easy nonlinear pushover analysis and standard modeling in codes. An issue with steel brace strengthening is that the reinforced building should behave elastically to satisfy performance objectives. For this, the size of steel braces should be highly increased, which results in excessive strengthening cost by force concentration on existing members and foundations due to the considerable stiffness and strength of the steel braces. The main reason may be the brittle failure mode of columns, so this study investigated the relationship between the efficiency of steel brace strengthening and column failure modes. The result showed that the efficiency is highly dependent on the shear capacity ratio of columns and structural analysis methods. School buildings reinforced by steel braces do not need to behave elastically when the shear capacity ratio is low, and pushover analysis is used, which means reducing steel material is possible.