• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.1-9
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• 2019

Shallow failures occur frequently in both engineered and natural slopes in expansive soils. Rainfall infiltration is the most predominant triggering factor that contributes to slope failures in both expansive soils and clayey soils. However, slope failures in expansive soils have some distinct characteristics in comparison to slopes in conventional clayey soils. They typically undergo shallow failures with gentle sliding retrogression characteristics. The shallow sliding mass near the slope surface is typically in a state of unsaturated condition and will exhibit significant volume changes with increasing water content during rainfall periods. Many other properties or characteristics change such as the shear strength, matric suction including stress distribution change with respect to depth and time. All these parameters have a significant contribution to the expansive soil slopes instability and are difficult to take into consideration in slope stability analysis using traditional slope stability analysis methods based on principles of saturated soil mechanics. In this paper, commercial software VADOSE/W that can account for climatic factors is used to predict variation of matric suction with respect to time for an expansive soil cut slope in China, which is reported in the literature. The variation of factor of safety with respect to time for this slope is computed using SLOPE/W by taking account of shear strength reduction associated with loss of matric suction extending state-of-the art understanding of the mechanics of unsaturated soils.

• 한국지반환경공학회 논문집
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• 제8권4호
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• pp.67-74
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• 2007

강우시 우수의 침투로 사면의 안정성은 감소되며, 사면활동에 의한 피해를 최소화하기위해 강우시 토사사면에 대한 사면 안정해석시 지표까지 완전히 포화되는 조건으로 설계하도록 설계기준을 강화하고 있다. 그러나 이와 같은 설계방식은 강우강도, 강우지속시간, 지반특성, 사면의 기하학적 특성 등과 관계없이 동일하게 지표까지 완전 포화조건으로 설계함으로써 지나치게 과다하게 설계되는 경향이 있는 등 문제점이 지적되고 있다. 또한 대부분의 토사사면은 불포화상태에 있으며, 불포화특성을 고려한 사면 안정해석이 수행되어야 할 것이다. 본 논문은 강우시 토사 사면이 완전 포화되기까지 소요되는 강우지속시간을 예측할 수 있는 방법을 제시하였다. 이를 위해 본 논문에서는 불포화토의 흙-수분 특성과 포화시 투수계수, 사면의 기하학적 조건, 강우강도 등을 고려하여 불포화토 사면에 대한 유한요소해석을 실시하여 강우시 토사사면이 완전 포화되기 까지 소요되는 강우지속시간을 예측하였으며, 이들 해석결과로부터 간편하게 사용할 수 있는 예측도표를 제시하였다.

• 지질공학
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.295-303
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• 2002

암반사면의 붕괴형태는 원호, 평면, 쐐기 또는 전도파괴로 구분하며, 각각의 붕괴는 역학적인 안정조건을 벗어날 경우 붕괴가 발생하는 것으로 평가한다. 특히, 암반사면 평면파괴는 절리면의 방향성에 대하여 일반적으로 '활동가능성이 있는 면의 주향과 절취사면의 주향의 차이가 약 20$^{\circ}$ 이상일 경우에는 발생하지 않는 것으로 알려져 있고 설계되고 있다. 그러나, 이러한 안정조건을 만족한 경우라도 사면의 붕괴가 빈번히 발생하고 있는 실정이다. 따라서, 본 논문에서는 이러한 안정된 사면조건에도 불구하고 현장 지형여건상 붕괴가 발생한 사례를 중심으로 국내 암반사면의 평면파괴조건을 제시하였다.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.35-52
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• 2009

A significantly thick zone of steep slopes is commonly encountered above groundwater table and the soils within this zone are unsaturated with negative pore-water pressures (i.e., matric suction). Matric suction contributes significantly to the shear strength of soil and to the factor of safety of unsaturated slopes. However, infiltration during rainfall increases the pore-water pressure in soil resulting in a decrease in the matric suction and the shear strength of the soil. As a result, rainfall infiltration may eventually trigger a slope failure. Therefore, understanding of shear strength characteristics of saturated and unsaturated soils under shearing-infiltration (SI) conditions have direct implications in assessment of slope stability under rainfall conditions. This paper presents results from a series of consolidated drained (CD) and shearing-infiltration (SI) tests. Results show that the failure envelope obtained from the shearing-infiltration tests is independent of the infiltration rate. Failure envelopes obtained from CD and SI tests appear to be similar. For practical purposes the shear strength parameters from the CD tests can be used in stability analyses of slopes under rainfall conditions. The SI tests might be performed to obtain more conservative shear strength parameters and to study the pore-water pressure changes during infiltration.

• 한국지반공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지반공학회 2005년도 춘계 학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.811-818
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• 2005

Stability analyses on the 17 railroad cut-off soil slopes were carried out. The influences of rainfall infiltration on the slope stabilities were taken into account by seepage analyses using finite element method and by assuming ground water tables to be located adjacent to soil surface. The validity of those analyses were evaluated by comparing the slope failure characteristics between analysis results and the past failure records. The analyses were not appropriate to estimate the failure surface and the method considering only the increase of pore-water pressure (reduction of matric suction) as the influence of rainfall cannot appropriately estimate the surficial failures that occurred most of the cut-off soil slopes. For the better estimation of the surficial failure, the influence of water flows over slope surface which erode soil mass and/or increase driving force, should be evaluated and considered.

• 한국농공학회지
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• 제39권1호
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• pp.112-121
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• 1997

The aim of this study was to analyze the slope stability relating to the failure of cut slopes and the characteristics of stress-strain relations obtained by limit equilibrium method, finite element method, and stereographic projection method for the reinforced cut slopes. The following conclusions were made : 1.To use stereographic projection method led to little possibility to take the toppling and wedge failure while to use the other methods led to the failure. It was recommended to reduce the slope inclination from 1:1 to 1: 1.5~1 :1.8 and adopt coir mesh method to protect the slope surface. position with the horizontal displacement after final excavation moved to the excavation base. The maximum shear strain values concentrated at the excavation base indicated the possibility to induce the local failure. 3. It was recommended that the slope inclination for blast rock with the slope height larger than l0m was 1: 0.5, 1:1, and 1: 1~1 :1.5 for hard rocks, soft and ordinary rocks, and ripping and soils, respectively. 4. Berm width criteria for blast rock with the slope height larger than l0m were recommended as follow : 2~3m per 20m slope height for hard rocks, 1 ~2m per l0m slope height for soft and ordinary rocks, 1 ~ l.5m per 5m slope height for ripping and soils.

• 한국지반공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지반공학회 2009년도 세계 도시지반공학 심포지엄
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• pp.651-659
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• 2009

There are a great number of man-made and natural slopes in many parts of the world including Hong Kong and Mainland China. For example, there are over 40,000 slopes in Hong Kong registered by the Hong Kong Government. Landslides due to slope failures can often cause catastrophes that involve the loss of both lives and important facilities. GPS has been demonstrated to have great potentials for use in monitoring slope stability and landslides. However, the high hardware cost of GPS has limited the wide spread use of GPS for such applications. The multi-antenna GPS technology initiated by the research group and our collaborators has significantly reduced the cost of GPS and provided a solution to a number of associated problems such as data management and power supply. This paper discusses practical applications of multi-antenna GPS technology in slope monitoring, including system design, setting up, data transmission and management, and data quality analysis and control. Some slope monitoring examples are given to illustrate the points discussed.

• 한국지반공학회논문집
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• 제29권12호
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• pp.77-85
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• 2013

불포화 사면에서는 강우시 침투가 일어나고 포화가 됨에 따라 불안정해진다. 불포화토의 유효응력의 관점에서는, 모관흡수력이 감소하면 유효응력이 감소하고 동시에 전단강도도 감소하여 사면 안정성이 저해된다. 본 연구에서는 불포화토의 유효응력을 흡수응력으로 기술하는데 초점을 둔다. 그리고 유한요소응력장에서 안전율을 계산하여 실제 사면의 붕괴를 시뮬레이션한다. 하동 및 포항지역의 풍화토 지층에 대하여 실내실험을 수행하여 불포화 물성을 분석하였다. 그리고 불포화 사면의 침투 해석을 수행하고 응력해석과 안정해석을 통하여 실제 붕괴를 재현하였다. 따라서 불포화 유효응력 원리에 근거하여, 실제 사면의 안정성을 성공적으로 평가할 수 있었다. 유효응력 개념이 강우 침투를 고려한 사면 설계의 실무에 적용될 수 있음을 입증하였다.

• 터널과지하공간
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.141-148
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• 1999

암반 내에 존재하는 절리의 분포 양상을 현실적으로 반영할 수 있는 개별요소해석에서, 절리의 거동을 모사하는 구성방정식의 적절한 선택이 해석결과에 미치는 영향은 매우 크다. 본 연구에서는 절리 암반 사면의 안정성 분석을 통하여 Barton-Bandits (BB)의 구성방정식과 Mohr-Coulom (MC)의 구성방정식을 비교해 보았다. 절리의 전단변위 발생에 따른 수직팽창을 허용하는 BB 모델에서는 현장의 사면 양상과 매우 유사한 결과를 도출하였으며, 그 결과 10cm 두께의 숏크리트 타설이 보강 방안으로 제안되었다. 반면, 수직팽창이 일정한 값으로 주어지는 MC모델에서는 외부 하중 조건에 대하여 둔감한 반응을 보이는 등 현장 상황을 충분히 예측하지 못하는 결과가 도출되었다.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• 제5권5호
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• pp.485-497
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• 2013

The factor of safety is the most common measure of the safety margin for slopes. When the traditionally defined factor is used in kinematic approach of limit analysis, calculations can become elaborate, and iterative methods have to be used. To avoid this inconvenience, the safety factor was defined in terms of the work rates that are part of the work balance equation used in limit analysis. It was demonstrated for two simple slopes that the safety factors calculated according to the new definition fall close to those calculated using the traditional definition. Statistical analysis was carried out to find out whether, given normal distribution of the strength parameters, the distribution of the safety factor can be approximated with a well-defined probability density function. Knowing this function would make it convenient to calculate the probability of failure. The results indicated that the normal distribution could be used for low internal friction angle (up to about $16^{\circ}$) and the Johnson distribution could be used for larger angles ${\phi}$. The data limited to two simple slopes, however, does not allow assuming these distributions a priori for other slopes.