• Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
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• v.25 no.5
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• pp.667-673
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• 2009

This study has carried out to evaluate the performance of single (electrolysis, UV and ultrasonic process) and complex process (Electrolysis+UV, UV+Ultrasonic and Electrolysis+Ultrasonic) for the purpose of disinfection of Escherichia coli in water. The order of disinfection performance for E. coli in single process lie in: Electrolysis ${\fallingdotseq}$ UV >> ultrasonic process. OH radical was not produced in single disinfection process. Among the three kinds of complex process, disinfection performance of the Electrolysis+UV was higher than that of the other process (UV+Ultrasonic and Electrolysis+Ultrasonic). It demonstrated a synergetic effect between the UV and electrolysis. When the use of $Na_2SO_4$ as electrolyte instead of NaCl, current increase or more reaction time was needed for the complete disinfection. The disinfection performance of pre-electrolysis (20 W, 30sec) and post-UV (10 W, 30 sec) was higher than that of the simultaneous electrolysis+UV process at same electric power (30 W, 30 second).

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.38 no.5
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• pp.433-436
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• 2006

The implementation of multiplexing techniques combined with advances in neutron optics make the neutron three-axis spectrometers (TAS) an efficient tool to map inelastic response from single crystals over momentum transfer ranges comparable to the size of a single Brillouin zone. Thanks to recent progress in polarization techniques such experiments can be combined relatively easily with neutron polarization analysis, which does not only provide unambiguous separation of response corresponding to structural and magnetic degrees of freedom, but permits a quantitative analysis of the magnetic response anisotropy, often of crucial importance to test theoretical predictions. In the forthcoming decade we therefore expect a further development of the complementary use, rather than competition, of the reactor-based TAS's with time-of-flight (TOF) instruments for single crystal spectroscopy at the existing (ISIS) as well as at the newly built (SNS, J-PARK) pulsed sources.

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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• 2012.02a
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• pp.537-537
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• 2012

We have studied a fabrication of vapor phase polymerized Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) nanowire arrays for the first time. The vapor-phase polymerization (VPP) technique is a bottom-up processing method that utilizes the organic arrangement of macromolecules to easily produce ordered aggregates, including on the nanoscale, or prepare thin films of self-assembled molecules, micropatterns, or modified microstructures of pure conducting polymers. Also, liquid-bridge-mediated nanotransfer molding (LB-nTM), which was reported as a new direct patterning method recently, is for the arrayed formation of two- or three-dimensional structures with feature sizes as small as tens of nanometers over large areas up to 4 inches across and is based on the direct transfer of various materials from a mould to a substrate through a liquid bridge between them. The PEDOT nanowires grown by VPP method and transferred on a substrate to use LB-nTM method have been fabricated to single crystal PEDOT nanowires investigated Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), Selected Area Electron Diffraction (SAED), X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS), and electrical properties.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Intelligent Systems
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• v.20 no.5
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• pp.716-721
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• 2010

In this work we address the use of support vector machine (SVM) in the multi-class gas classification system. The objective is to classify single gases and their mixture with a semiconductor-type electronic nose. The SVM has some typical multi-class classification models; One vs. One (OVO) and One vs. All (OVA). However, studies on those models show weaknesses on calculation time, decision time and the reject region. We propose a hierarchical clustering method (HCM) based on the SVM for real-time gas mixture classification. Experimental results show that the proposed method has better performance than the typical multi-class systems based on the SVM, and that the proposed method can classify single gases and their mixture easily and fast in the embedded system compared with BP-MLP and Fuzzy ARTMAP.

• IEMEK Journal of Embedded Systems and Applications
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• v.5 no.4
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• pp.225-233
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• 2010

In this paper, we try to improve the performance of the demand paging loader suggested to use the demand paging way that is not based on operating system. The demand paging switching strategy used in the existing operating system can know the recently used pages by running multi-processing. Then, based on it, some page switching strategies have been made for the recently used pages or the frequently demanded pages. However, the strategies based on operating system cannot be applied in single processing that is not based on operating system because any context switching never occur on the single processing. So, this paper is trying to suggest the demand paging switching strategies that can be applied in paging loader running in single process. In the Return-Prediction-Algorithm, we saw the improved performance in the program that the function call occurred frequently in a long distance. And then, in the Most-Frequently-Used-Page-Remain-Algorithm, we saw the improved performance in the program that the references frequently occurred for the particular pages. Likewise, it had an enormous effect on keeping the memory reduction performance by the demand paging and reducing the running time delay at the same time.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 2001.07b
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• pp.868-870
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• 2001

Salient pole rotor type single phase SRM(switched reluctance motor) can be use axial direction magnetic flux and radial direction magnetic flux at the same time. Then, it has higher energy density per unit volume and can be lessened the shaft length of motor or exciting magnetic force. Additionally, it's durability is good because it is simple structure and driving device. Prototype of Salient pole rotor type single phase SRM was fabricated by using parameters of three phase SRM and 3D FEM analysis. Also, driving device was fabricated for prototype. Speed and torque characteristic was confirmed through the experiments, and flux linkage, which is important parameter of SRM for generating torque, was measured. The induction emf was calculated by using ideal inductance graph and current graph. Calculated emf and measured emf was compared for confirming loss of prototype in this paper.

• International journal of advanced smart convergence
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.15-22
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• 2018

Nowadays multiple control methods are used in robot control systems. A model, predictor or error estimator is often used as feedback controller to control a robot. While robots have become more and more intensive with algorithms capable to acquiring independent knowledge from raw data. This paper represents experimental results of real time machine learning control that does not require explicit knowledge about the plant. The controller can be applied on a broad range of tasks with different dynamic characteristics. We tested our controller on the balancing problem of a single propeller pendulum. Experimental results show that the use of a supervised machine learning algorithm in a single propeller pendulum allows the stable swing of a given angle.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B
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• v.29 no.4 s.235
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• pp.453-459
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• 2005

In this paper, we are proposing a robust tool which is capable of measuring the size and elemental composition of submicron particles from twenty to several hundreds nanometers at the same time, i.e., named Single Particle Mass Spectrometer (SPMS). The home-made SPMS employs a laser ablation/multi-photon ionization method to tear a nanoparticle into the constituent elemental ions. One thing different from the conventional Aerosol Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometer (ATOFMS) is the power of the ionization laser. Much strong laser used in this work makes it possible to generate elemental ions rather than molecular ions from a nanoparticle. Also the use of high power laser may guarantee a complete ionization of a particle, which was confirmed by the existence of multiple charged ions. If a particle is evaporated/ionized completely and detected through electric field-free TOF tube without any loss, we can extract the original particle volume from the measured total ion numbers. Collecting a number of particles mass spectra, we get a database of size and elemental composition of nanoparticles, with which we may take a took into any kinds of chemical reaction occurring at nanoscale. Several issues related to size estimation by SPMS will be discussed.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.8 no.5
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• pp.53-60
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• 2021

Foreign direct investment (FDI) is especially important for developing countries. This study investigates the determinants of FDI in the case of Indonesia. Most empirical researches in this field used time series data of a single country or panel data of several countries. Although panel data analysis is more comprehensive, however results taken from cross-country analysis cannot be directly applied to any specific country in the dataset and therefore lacks practicality. In this research, panel data analysis of a single country is performed to overcome the aforementioned shortcomings. Five determinants of FDI are tested using panel data of 33 Indonesian provinces over 10-year period of time. Two methodologies are adopted, random/fixed effects model and Granger Causality. The results show that only market size significantly affects FDI when tested using both methodologies. Human capital and financial market development show significant result in one of the two methodologies. While, economic growth and infrastructure did not show any significant results at all. This research stresses the importance of comprehensive single country analysis since only one out of five commonly discussed determinants is applicable in the case of Indonesia. Governments should therefore carefully reconsider the use of cross-country analysis as a basis of their policy formulations.

• Journal of Communications and Networks
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.187-196
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• 2003

We consider the use of error control coding in direct sequence-code-division multiple access (OS-COMA) systems that employ multiuser detection (MUO) and space diversity. The relative performance gain between Reed-Solomon (RS) code and convolutional code (CC) is well known in [1] for the single user, additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) channel. In this case, RS codes outperform CC's at high signal-to-noise ratios. We find that this is not the case for the multiuser interference channel mentioned above. For useful error rates, we find that soft-decision CC's to be uniformly better than RS codes when used with DS-COMA modulation in multiuser space-time channels. In our development, we use the Gaussian approximation on the interference to determine performance error bounds for systems with low number of users. Then, we check their accuracy in error rate estimation via system's simulation. These performance bounds will in turn allow us to consider a large number of users where we can estimate the gain in user-capacity due to channel coding. Lastly, the use of turbo codes is considered where it is shown that they offer a coding gain of 2.5 dB relative to soft-decision CC.