• Clinics in Shoulder and Elbow
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.91-95
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• 2015

Background: Our aim was to make a comparative analysis of radiological and clinical outcomes of using either one or two interlocking distal screws on a Polarus intramedullary nail for the internal fixation of humeral shaft fractures. Methods: From January 2008 to March 2014, we enrolled 26 patients with humeral shaft fractures who were operated on using intramedullary nails. The patients were divided into 2 groups according to how many interlocking distal screws were used to lock the Polarus nail: in group 1, a single interlocking distal screw was used in 12 patients; and in group 2, double interlocking distal screws, in 14 patients. We compared the degree of recovery of the displaced fracture fragments between the two groups. To compare the nonunion and shoulder function, we assessed each patient's modified American Shoulder and Elbow Surgerns (ASES) score. Results: We found that 10 of 12 fractures achieved union in group 1, and 13 of 14 fractures, in group 2. We did not find a meaningful difference in the time to bone union between the two groups. The percentage of recovery of displaced fracture fragments until union was 66.9% for group 1 and 59.41% for group 2. At the final follow-up, we found that the scores for shoulder joint modified ASES was 78.7 for group 1 and 80.7 for group 2. Conclusions: Our results show that if locked appropriately, even a single screw on a Polarus nail can provide satisfactory radiological union and improved clinical outcome after intramedullary nailing of humeral shaft fractures.

• Molecules and Cells
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• v.45 no.10
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• pp.738-748
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• 2022

The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic has posed a serious threat to global public health. A novel vaccine made from messenger RNA (mRNA) has been developed and approved for use at an unprecedented pace. However, an increased risk of myocarditis has been reported after BNT162b2 mRNA vaccination due to unknown causes. In this study, we used single-cell RNA sequencing and single-cell T cell receptor sequencing analyses of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) to describe, for the first time, changes in the peripheral immune landscape of a patient who underwent myocarditis after BNT162b2 vaccination. The greatest changes were observed in the transcriptomic profile of monocytes in terms of the number of differentially expressed genes. When compared to the transcriptome of PBMCs from vaccinated individuals without complications, increased expression levels of IL7R were detected in multiple cell clusters. Overall, results from this study can help advance research into the pathogenesis of BNT162b2-induced myocarditis.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SP
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• v.41 no.3
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• pp.209-219
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• 2004

In order to implement a real time hardware for keyword spotting, we propose a Single-End-Point DTW(SEP-DTW) algorithm which is simple and less complex for computation. The SEP-DTW algorithm only needs a single end point which enables efficient applications, and it has a small wont of computations because the global search area is divided into successive local search areas. Also, we adopt new local constraints and a new distance measure for a better performance of the SEP-DTW algorithm. Besides, we make a normalization of feature same vectors so that they have the same variance in each frequency bin, and each frame has the same energy levels. To construct several reference patterns for each keyword, we use a clustering algorithm for all training patterns, and mean vectors in every cluster are taken as reference patterns. In order to detect a key word for input streams of speech, we measure the distances between reference patterns and input pattern, and we make a decision whether the distances are smaller than a pre-defined threshold value. With isolated speech recognition and keyword spotting experiments, we verify that the proposed algorithm has a better performance than other methods.

• The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics
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• v.6 no.4
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• pp.245-252
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• 2014

PURPOSE. To present a literature review on implant overdentures after a brief survey of bone loss after extraction of all teeth. MATERIALS AND METHODS. Papers on alveolar bone loss and implant overdentures have been studied for a narrative review. RESULTS. Bone loss of the alveolar process after tooth extraction occurs with great individual variation, impossible to predict at the time of extraction. The simplest way to prevent bone loss is to avoid extraction of all teeth. To keep a few teeth and use them or their roots for a tooth or root-supported overdenture substantially reduces bone loss. Jaws with implant-supported prostheses show less bone loss than jaws with conventional dentures. Mandibular 2-implant overdentures provide patients with better outcomes than do conventional dentures, regarding satisfaction, chewing ability and oral-health-related quality of life. There is no strong evidence for the superiority of one overdenture retention-system over the others regarding patient satisfaction, survival, peri-implant bone loss and relevant clinical factors. Mandibular single midline implant overdentures have shown promising results but long-term results are not yet available. For a maxillary overdenture 4 to 6 implants splinted with a bar provide high survival both for implants and overdenture. CONCLUSION. In edentulous mandibles, 2-implant overdentures provide excellent long-term success and survival, including patient satisfaction and improved oral functions. To further reduce the costs a single midline implant overdenture can be a promising option. In the maxilla, overdentures supported on 4 to 6 implants splinted with a bar have demonstrated good functional results.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information Security & Cryptology
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• v.30 no.6
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• pp.1247-1254
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• 2020

With the advent of the smart home era, equipment that provides confidentiality or performs authentication exists in various places in real life. Accordingly security against physical attacks is required for encryption equipment and authentication equipment. In particular, fault injection attack that artificially inject a fault from the outside to recover a secret key or bypass an authentication process is one of the very threatening attack methods. Fault sources used in fault injection attacks include lasers, electromagnetic, voltage glitches, and clock glitches. Fault injection attacks are classified into single fault injection attacks and multiple fault injection attacks according to the number of faults injected. Existing multiple fault injection systems generally use a single fault source. The system configured to inject a single source of fault multiple times has disadvantages that there is a physical delay time and additional equipment is required. In this paper, we propose a multiple fault injection system using heterogeneous fault sources. In addition, to show the effectiveness of the proposed system, the results of a multiple fault injection attack against Riscure's Piñata board are shown.

• Journal of KIISE:Databases
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.409-421
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• 2004

A database sharing system (DSS) couples a number of computing nodes for high performance transaction processing, and each node in DSS shares database at the disk level. In case of node failures in DSS, database recovery algorithms are required to recover the database in a consistent state. A database recovery process in DSS takes rather longer time compared with single database systems, since it should include merging of discrete log records in several nodes and perform REDO tasks using the merged lo9 records. In this paper, we propose a two version caching (2VC) algorithm that improves the cache fusion algorithm introduced in Oracle 9i Real Application Cluster (ORAC). The 2VC algorithm can achieve faster database recovery by eliminating the use of merged log records in case of single node failure. Furthermore, it can improve the performance of normal transaction processing by reducing the amount of unnecessary disk force overhead that occurs in ORAC.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.191-199
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• 2000

Genomics is providing targets faster than we can validate them and combinatorial chemistry is providing new chemical entities faster than we can screen them. Historically, the drug discovery cascade has been established as a sequential process initiated with a potency screening against a selected biological target. In this sequential process, pharmacokinetics was often regarded as a low-throughput activity. Typically, limited pharmacokinetics studies would be conducted prior to acceptance of a compound for safety evaluation and, as a result, compounds often failed to reach a clinical testing due to unfavorable pharmacokinetic characteristics. A new paradigm in drug discovery has emerged in which the entire sample collection is rapidly screened using robotized high-throughput assays at the outset of the program. Higher-throughput pharmacokinetics (HTPK) is being achieved through introduction of new techniques, including automation for sample preparation and new experimental approaches. A number of in vitro and in vivo methods are being developed for the HTPK. In vitro studies, in which many cell lines are used to screen absorption and metabolism, are generally faster than in vivo screening, and, in this sense, in vitro screening is often considered as a real HTPK. Despite the elegance of the in vitro models, however, in vivo screenings are always essential for the final confirmation. Among these in vivo methods, cassette dosing technique, is believed the methods that is applicable in the screening of pharmacokinetics of many compounds at a time. The widespread use of liquid chromatography (LC) interfaced to mass spectrometry (MS) or tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) allowed the feasibility of the cassette dosing technique. Another approach to increase the throughput of in vivo screening of pharmacokinetics is to reduce the number of sample analysis. Two common approaches are used for this purpose. First, samples from identical study designs but that contain different drug candidate can be pooled to produce single set of samples, thus, reducing sample to be analyzed. Second, for a single test compound, serial plasma samples can be pooled to produce a single composite sample for analysis. In this review, we validated the issue whether the second method can be applied to practical screening of in vivo pharmacokinetics using data from seven of our previous bioequivalence studies. For a given drug, equally spaced serial plasma samples were pooled to achieve a 'Pooled Concentration' for the drug. An area under the plasma drug concentration-time curve (AUC) was then calculated theoretically using the pooled concentration and the predicted AUC value was statistically compared with the traditionally calculated AUC value. The comparison revealed that the sample pooling method generated reasonably accurate AUC values when compared with those obtained by the traditional approach. It is especially noteworthy that the accuracy was obtained by the analysis of only one sample instead of analyses of a number of samples that necessitates a significant man-power and time. Thus, we propose the sample pooling method as an alternative to in vivo pharmacokinetic approach in the selection potential lead(s) from combinatorial libraries.

• KIEE International Transactions on Power Engineering
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• v.3A no.2
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• pp.70-78
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• 2003

This paper describes a transformer protection relay based on induced voltages. The ratio of the induced voltages of the primary and secondary windings is equal to the turns ratio during normal operating conditions such as magnetic inrush, overexcitation, and steady state, but it differs from the turns ratio in the case of internal faults. For a single-phase and a three-phase Y-Y transformer, the induced voltages are estimated and the ratios are compared with the turns ratio. For three-phase Y-Δ transformers, the differences between the induced voltages are estimated to use the line currents because delta-winding currents are practically unavailable. The proposed relay is tested under various conditions such as magnetic inrush, internal winding faults, overexcitation, and different core characteristics. The results evidently indicate that the relay successfully discriminates internal faults from magnetic inrush and overexcitation. This paper concludes by implementing the relay into a TMS320C6701 digital signal processor and reports satisfactory results. The relay requires no hysteresis data and can reduce the operating time of a relay.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers
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• v.6 no.4
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• pp.341-345
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• 1982

The interpolator is usually built in hardware (logic circuitry), and the interpolator fabricated in a single LSI chip is recently made use of in most NC controllers, making the system more compact. However, the LSI interpolator not only has the technical difficulties but also requires high cost, in its fabrication. To solve these problems, we tried to find the method of interpolation by software, and succeeded in developing a program which, executed by INTEL's 8085 microprocessor, can distribute the input pulses of up to 4.0 [Kpps] for the linear interpolation and 3.0 [Kpps] for the circular interpolation. This paper presents the algorithm used to reduce the execution time and the flow chart of the interpolation program, and also shows the possibility of software interpolation. The interpolation program designed in assembly language is presented in the appendix.

• Journal of the Korea institute for structural maintenance and inspection
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• v.2 no.4
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• pp.148-158
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• 1998

Determining the thickness if concrete lining and detecting of the cavity where is located behind tunnel lining plays an important role in the safety diagnosis of tunnel structure and the quality control. In this study, we made use of GPR and seismic method in order to find the cavity or flaw. Although GPR is very useful method in the concrete lining without rebar, it is difficult to detect the cavity in the reinforced concrete lining. We applied mini-seismic method to the reinforced concrete lining. The obtained seismic data was processed by means of seismic section in time domain and image section of power spectrum in frequency domain using Impact-Echo method as well. The proposed method can accurately show the location and depth of the cavity in the reinforced concrete lining.