• 한국조경학회지
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.80-87
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• 1999

This paper examines the conventional notion of natural beauty and its legacy on the aesthetic experience of nature and landscape architecture in terms of critical perspective. We can take its clue for discussion from the our routine convention of experiencing natural beauty from the picture-like nature. We often equate natural beauty with superficial representations of nature shown in pictures. However, it is no more than a by-stander's nature seen purely through the eyes of the outsider. Problems of the picture-like nature can be summarized as the contemplative and visual-oriented aesthetic experience of landscape, which has had its influence not only on the ways of seeing the natural beauty but also on the ways of making it. The tradition of the picture-like nature has been transplanted into the real world through the practice of landscape architecture. It has been mass-producing superficial beauty of nature, focused on visual form. Landscape architecture in such a form is just a static means of decoration devoid of meaning and content.

• 농촌계획
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.46-55
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• 1999

This paper examines the pastoral ideal and its legacy to landscape design. We have had the routine convention of experiencing natural beauty from the picture-like nature. We, who would liken a scenic view to a picture, often equate natural beauty with superficial representations of nature shown in pastoral literature and traditional landscape paintings: the lush of towering trees, the field of endless green, the soft babbling flow of the river and the crisp clear sky. It is not a portrayal of nature as it is, but in fact a conceptual expression of its ideal form. The ideological root of that natural beauty can be retraced to the pastoral ideal, so eagerly longed for by people of the western world. A pastoral landscape graciously marked with leisurely peace and subtle harmony is what we identify as beautiful nature. In fact, however, it is no more than an artificial refuge in contextual isolation from its surrounding, and a by-stander's nature seen purely through the eyes of the outsider. The tradition of pastoralism, reaching its peak in the 18th century with its English Landscape Garden style, was transplanted into the real world through the practice of landscape architecture. Landscape design in such a form is just a static means of decoration devoid of meaning and process. And we simply identify the green ornamentation with nature.

• 복식문화연구
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.309-323
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• 2013

This study examined the expression mode and feature about photomontage indicated in the 21st century's Contemporary fashion. This intends to have better understanding on photomontage and to provide theoretical explanation to help a creative design development using photomontage in the future. For the research method, review over photomontage concept and its historical background was carried out with relevant literature and precedent studies. Then, analysis was followed about 258 pieces of photomontage application works featured in the four major global collections from 2001S/S to 2011F/W. Among types of photomontage expression in the Contemporary fashion, objects in the nature like animal, plant, scenery picture took up the highest frequency as motive. Other types appeared in the following order: the people-oriented type such as eminent person's figure or partial body, the ready-made image including diverse daily goods in the modern consumption society, a variety of printed stuff like cartoon, newspaper and magazine, the type of photomontage expression through borrowing the earlier famous art pieces or doing the cooperative work with artists in different fields, applications like architecture, land marks in many cities in the world, and interior, things assembled with various images, modified religious images in photomontage from Buddha or holy picture. Therefore, the modern fashion that uses photomontage could possibly feature popularity, naturalism, playfulness and creativity.

• 한국의류산업학회지
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• 제9권5호
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• pp.538-544
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• 2007

We usually try to accomodate ourselves to our nature surroundings interacting with nature. There fore I've decided to apply nature materials, esp. the pine to Hair Art as a way of expressing our feelings from Nature. 'Hair Art' is a follow-up study based on the various artistic point of view. There has been various works of 'Hair Art' with nature materials. However, it is rare to see a work of 'Hair Art' with the pine. That's why I've decided to study more about this. This study is a new experiment in 'Hair Art' against a conventional idea "Hair Art values practicability." Therefore, the primary goal of this study is to do much for the cause of learning in 'Hair Art' and encourages some development of 'Hair Art' industry. I've researched an image of a pine tree in art of Joseon Dynasty and contemporary art. Then I've tried to apply the image to a work of 'Hair Art'. First of all, in a view of expression technique for the symbolism of the pine, the artists in Joseon Dynasty drew pictures of a pine tree with a paintbrush but the modern artists make a new attempt from the thought of Modernism. We can find it in some photos. Next, to express traditional oriental idea such as 'unconventional and elegance', comtemporary artists chose the symbolism of the pine tree as an object of their works like pen and ink sketches from the thought of Modernism. Third, in a fusion style picture which contains features of both oriental paintings and western paintings and in a sexualism style picture that depicts a harmony of a male and a female as a shape of a pine, we can find colorful images of a pine tree and Their figurative beauty in art. Those are another symbols of the pine. In conclusion, the implication of the pine tree still hasn't changed even there are differences of drawings of pine tree in the past and the present. I've tried to combine these symbolic ideas of the pine with 'Hair Art' and made 5 hair styles. Throughout the process of researching this topic which is 'The Study of Hair Art Using The Symbolism of The Pine', I've realized that pine trees make it possible to express intrinsic tough spirit of human being and abundance in color and figurative beauty in art. I hope this can contribute to the field of 'Hair Art' and would become an important educational resource for further study.

• 산업공학
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.306-315
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• 2006

In this paper we analyze whether we can use the mobile phone having been highly distributed into young generation as a device for the u-learning in Korean public education. For this purpose we deal with the technical maturity in three axes. Firstly, we examine the authoring nature of mobile internet-based contents such as both text and motion picture for the contents developers in the public education. As a research result the authoring of text has almost no difficulty, but that of the motion picture shows some problems. Secondly, we deal with whether u-learners can easily get and use u-contents on both mobile phone and PC respectively. After analysing this factor, we found that the downloading of motion picture contents into mobile phone is very limited. Therfore we talk about the usability and problem of various PC Sync tools and propose their standardization. Finally, the needs of the introduction of the ubiquitous SCORM which could enable to reuse u-contents among different Korean telco’s mobile phones are discussed. Here we describe some functionality of both ubiquitous SCORM and u-LMS. Our study looks like almost the first work examining the technological maturity for the introduction of u-learning with mobile phone in Korean public education and it could be used as a reference for the study of any other wireless telecommunication-based u-learning other than mobile telecommunication.

• Asian review of World Histories
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.45-84
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• 2013

Empirical research into Đại Việt before the $14^{th}$ century has made little progress since the 1990s. To improve this situation, I here examine how the L$\acute{y}$ dynasty (1009-1226), the first long-lasting dynasty of Đại Việt, established stable local ruleafter the "Tang-Song Transition" in China that changed the entire picture of East Asia (including both Southeast and Northeast Asia). This paper focuses on two issues. First are the local administrative units and their governors. The nature of both higher units like lộ(circuits), phủ and ch$\hat{a}$u (provinces), and basic units like hươg and gi$\acute{a}$p (districts?) will be examined. Second, I examine non-institutional channels of local rule by the imperial family. By combining such administrative and non-administrative means, the L$\acute{y}$ central court enforced a considerably stable local rule for two centuries. Finally, I attempt some preliminary comparisons with the local rule of Goryeo (918-1392) in the Korean peninsula, a polity that shared many features with Đại Việt in the process of localization of the Tang and Song models. I hope this approach of viewing small empires from the standpoint not of their "goal" (modern states) but of their "start" (charter polities), will enrich the discussion of East Asian small empires.

• 미술이론과 현장
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• 제7호
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• pp.165-188
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• 2009

In the development of linear perspective, Brook Taylor's theory has achieved a special position. With his method described in Linear Perspective(1715) and New Principles of Linear Perspective(1719), the subject of linear perspective became a generalized and abstract theory rather than a practical method for painters. He is known to be the first who used the term 'vanishing point'. Although a similar concept has been used form the early stage of Renaissance linear perspective, he developed a new method of British perspective technique of measure points based on the concept of 'vanishing points'. In the 15th and 16th century linear perspective, pictorial space is considered as independent space detached from the outer world. Albertian method of linear perspective is to construct a pavement on the picture in accordance with the centric point where the centric ray of the visual pyramid strikes the picture plane. Comparison to this traditional method, Taylor established the concent of a vanishing point (and a vanishing line), namely, the point (and the line) where a line (and a plane) through the eye point parallel to the considered line (and the plane) meets the picture plane. In the traditional situation like in Albertian method, the picture plane was assumed to be vertical and the center of the picture usually corresponded with the vanishing point. On the other hand, Taylor emphasized the role of vanishing points, and as a result, his method entered the domain of projective geometry rather than Euclidean geometry. For Taylor's theory was highly abstract and difficult to apply for the practitioners, there appeared many perspective treatises based on his theory in England since 1740s. Joshua Kirby's Dr. Brook Taylor's Method of Perspective Made Easy, Both in Theory and Practice(1754) was one of the most popular treatises among these posterior writings. As a well-known painter of the 18th century English society and perspective professor of the St. Martin's Lane Academy, Kirby tried to bridge the gap between the practice of the artists and the mathematical theory of Taylor. Trying to ease the common readers into Taylor's method, Kirby somehow abbreviated and even omitted several crucial parts of Taylor's ideas, especially concerning to the inverse problems of perspective projection. Taylor's theory and Kirby's handbook reveal us that the development of linear perspective in European society entered a transitional phase in the 18th century. In the European tradition, linear perspective means a representational system to indicated the three-dimensional nature of space and the image of objects on the two-dimensional surface, using the central projection method. However, Taylor and following scholars converted linear perspective as a complete mathematical and abstract theory. Such a development was also due to concern and interest of contemporary artists toward new visions of infinite space and kaleidoscopic phenomena of visual perception.

• 영어영문학
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• 제57권2호
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• pp.315-337
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• 2011

This paper aims to examine a truth about love - the close relationship between a person's passionate love and that same person's loneliness and suppressed desires, a relationship that Carson McCullers (1917-1967) portrays in The Ballad of the Sad Cafe. McCullers, one of several brilliant writers from Southern America, managed to overcome her cruel situation and showed deep insight into the human condition, particularly in regard to the relation between love and isolation. The Ballad of the Sad Cafe, like her other works, examines the spiritual isolation and the agony of love that three lovers experience. The love in this story is a triangular relationship among the three main characters, Amelia, Lymon and Marvin Macy. The distinctive characteristics of love described in this story are that each character falls into blind and passionate love for the person he/she loves, no matter how the beloved responds. Love also changes the lover, not the beloved, revealing the completely opposite nature of the lover. The opposite nature and the inner secrets that the love reveals about the lovers reflect their frustrated and suppressed desires, which is femininity and motherhood for Amelia, non-violent masculine power for Macy, and physical attraction and power for the hunchback, Lymon. These suppressed desires are rooted in the deep sense of frustration that they had to experience in their childhood. In short, the seemingly unconditional love of the main characters is not an ideal, altruistic love, but a reflection of their inner desires. This story, however, does not seem to criticize this kind of love but simply tries to give an honest picture of what love might be. It also admits that 'deformed' love is still better than no love (and consequently no stimulus) because what really damages and causes decay in human beings and in a community, is the state of boredom.

• 디자인학연구
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.185-197
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• 1998

국내 출판시장 규모는 (문화체육부 통계자료) 세계 시장 규모 7위로, 아동도서 출판 이 세계 3위 수준에 달하는 출판현황은 그 양적 성장에 비하여 책이 종류와 장르의 은 한정되고 있는 상황이다. 외국의 아동 출판계는‘복합출판’으로 동화 한 종을 보더라도 인형, 오디오, 게임, CD롬 타이틀 등을 동시에 내놓는 상황으로, 심지어 기획단계 부터 비디오(만화영화)도 고려한다. 이에 비해 국내 아동출판의 대부분은 학습지가 점유하고 있다. 90년대 들어 고학력 부모들의 신중한 책 선택도 아동 출판계의 변화 배경으로 꼽힌다. 이런 풍요 속 빈곤의 문제점은 $^{(1)}$지난해(1997)나온, 우리 그림책의 1백 90여권이 번역물로, 실리적 측면에서 국내 기획물 이 빈약한 실정이다. “강아지 똥”은 국내기획의 창작 그림책 중 1만 5000부가 나가는 상업적 성공을 거둔 것을 보면, 기획력에 따라 우리 창작물도 얼마든지 시장을 확보할 수 있음을 제시한다. 자연이 소중함을 한국적 삽화와 곁들여 출판한“강아지 똥”창작그림동화책의 인기는 판매량 면에서도, 많은 독자들의 우리 책 선호를 알 수 있다. 본 연구는 우리나라 창작동화의 전망 찾기의 모토로서, 어린이 창작그림동화책 가운데 $^{(2)}$베스트셀러로서 외국 번역창작동화그림책“누가 내 머리에 똥 쌌어”과 우리의 창작그림동화책인“강아지 똥”을 그림동화 기획(주제, 글, 일러스트, 편집디자인)의 독창적 구성요소들을 중심으로 연구.검토하여, 세계 속의 한국의 창작그림동화책 만들기를 보다 전문적이고 예술성 높은 그림책의 내적 구조, 창의성(글과 그림)의 관계, 이미지의 풍부한 내용을 표현한 새로운 조형언어를 통하여 어린이를 위한 출판그림의 우수성 향상을 목적으로, 장르별로 문학적.예술적.교육적 요소를 포함한 우리 창작그림동화책 기획 및 발전의 계기를 부여함으로써, 우리 어린이에게 궁극적으로는 삶의 가치를 높여주는‘이야기가 담겨진 그림이 있는 책’인 좋은 창작그림동화책의 기획을 예시하고자 한다.

• 조형예술학연구
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• 제8권
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• pp.241-266
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• 2005

Current information-oriented society is expanding rapidly with the huge change to our society from the information revolution emerged in mid '50s. Information technique such as computer, communication satellite and cable technology play their in this information-oriented society, and in 1980s, digital technique was adopted to media, inviting new phenomenon in communication of overall society. Expectations and hope for new trends and changes from digital era flourished when we entered into new Millenium, the 21st century. Since then we have gone through changes in years from analogue to digital. Now the word 'digital' is conceived in unified manner in almost every fields and influences overall society, changing our life pattern rapidly. Modern society had demanded some speedy and bidirectional communication tool in shifting digital era, and resulted from that was a new culture, Now the society changes more and more quickly under the speedy information sharing. From that perspective we need to establish the aspects of sensibility expression, which is one feature of the communication. The sensibility-oriented digital was originated from the human nature, which counts emotion and composure much. To satisfy the human nature a new cultural value which transcend a traditional one is needed. And the sensitivity expression to meet the need is one communication tendency in digital era. Digital era has totally different social qualities from that of analogue era. In digital era, prompt respond to rapid change and creativity combined with sensitivity are needed. Therefore a man with sensitivity would be more outstanding than a man of intelligence. The picture of digital and analogue in our society consists of two axis one is analogue axis like retrospective trend, admiration for nature , oriental thought etc. , and the other is the digital axis of internet and information technology. Sensibility can be widely interpreted as analogue thinking. It is surely different from the plain retrospective trend or nostalgia for past. It is a tendency that digital technology is used and cooperated with the emotion in human nature, In this paper we suggest the sensitivity expressions in detail through the study cases including both sides of digital and sensitivity expressions such as 'Bravo your life' advertising campaign of Samsung Insurance, MP3 advertising campaign, and 'Mini-homepage' of Cyworld. Under the circumstances the main direction of communication is oriented to human. This study's purpose is to think the true meaning of this digital era, to overcoming its weaknesses, such as over-dependency on technique and selfish individualism and to harmonize digital and sensitivity expression. The sensitivity-oriented expression than the reason-oriented one is expected to be put forth in whole media, and this is a more efficient tendency under the shifting digital era.