• Education of Primary School Mathematics
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.43-49
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• 2000

The purpose of this paper is to address the theory of counting and the development of number concepts. Leslie Steffe and his colleagues developed the theory of children's counting types using the teaching experiment. As the results of their research, they published two books： "Children's counting types" (Steffe, von Glasersfeld, Richards, '||'&'||' Cobb, 1983) and "Construction of arithmetic meanings and strategies" (Steffe, Cobb, ＆ von Glasersfeld, 1988). They classified children's counting types into five categories： Perceptual Counting Stage, Figural Counting Stages, Initial Number Sequence Stage, Tacitly Nested Number Sequence Stage, and Explicitly Nested Number Sequence Stage. The meaning of this theory is added in the last part of this paper. this paper.

• 한국전산유체공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2009.11a
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• pp.159-163
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• 2009

In this paper, the fluid dynamic forces and performances of a moving airfoil in the low Reynolds number flow is addressed. In order to calculate the necessary propulsive force for the moving airfoil in a low Reynolds number flow, a lattice-Boltzmann method is used. The critical Reynolds and Strouhal numbers for the thrust generation are investigated for the four propulsion types. It was found that the Normal P&D type produces the largest thrust with highest efficiency among the investigated types. The leading edge of the airfoil has an effect of deciding the force production types, whereas the trailing edge of the airfoil plays an important role in augmenting or reducing the instability produced by the leading edge oscillation. It is believed that present results can be used to decide the optimal propulsion devices for the given Reynolds number flow.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.163-168
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• 2001

This study was conducted to analyze the errors occurred between standard plate count(SPC) and Bactometer, Malthus, Bactoscan and to investigate correlation coefficient(r) between SPC and each equipments for the purpose of making new calibration curve. Correlation coefficients of three different types of equipments to SPC value were 0.71, 0.81, 0.84 respectively(n=287) and that of three types of equipments were 0.71∼0.82 relatively low. In raw milk, correlation coefficients of three types of equipments of SPC were in the range of 0.67∼0.73 below 3.0${\times}10^4$(CUF/ml) of bacterial number, and those between the three types of equipments were 0.68∼0.72. Between 3.0${\times}10^4$∼5.0${\times}10^5$(CFU/ml) of bacterial number, correlation coefficients of the three different types of equipments were 0.71∼0.81. and those between the three different types of equipments were 0.64∼0.77. Over 5.0${\times}10^5$(CFU/ml), correlation coefficient of the three types equipments were 0.66∼0.83 and those between them were 0.70∼0.85 respectively. The error of the three different types equipments to SPC value was significantly high, 37∼53% of them was under 50% of error range, and in case of raw milk less than 3.0${\times}10^4$ of bacterial number, 44∼67% of them showed over 100% of error.

• Journal of Practical Engineering Education
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• v.16 no.3_spc
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• pp.259-265
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• 2024

In order to improve the SW convergence capabilities of university undergraduate students, methods to evaluate undergraduate students' code design capabilities should be researched along with the development of related courses. In previous studies, there were qualitative evaluation methods and quantitative relative evaluation methods for code results. In the quantitative relative evaluation method, the number of problem decomposition depth, number of function reuses, and number of functions were measured and evaluated. In this study, an evaluation method that was not presented in previous studies was proposed using the problem of presenting the number of input and output information types when designing code. The evaluation problems proposed in this paper applied up to three types of input information and three types of output information. Through this, five code design evaluation questions were presented and a method to quantitatively calculate code design scores was proposed. Codes from 100 student respondents were collected and analyzed through courses that applied the proposed evaluation method. Through result analysis, the number of problem decomposition depths was proportional to the number of types of input information, the number of function reuses was proportional to the number of types of output information, and the number of functions showed a correlation that was proportional to the total number of types of input and output information. Lastly, by analyzing the distribution of evaluation scores of 100 respondents, we demonstrated that the code design evaluation method according to the five input/output information condition evaluation problems is effective.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.41 no.1
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• pp.86-94
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• 1996

This experiment was carried out to investigate the differences of the growth and yield characteristics at different planting dates in two soybean ecotypes from 1993 to 1994. Two summer types of soybean varieties, Suwon 163 and CNS 342, and two autumn types, Hwangkumkong and Keomcheongkong ＃1 were planted 7 times from 22 April to 21 June with 10 days interval in 1993 and 4 times from 22 April to 21 June with 20 days interval in 1994 at experimental field, Dankook University, Cheonan. Emergence rate was shown to difference between the summer types and the autumn types, as planting date delayed and between 1993 and 1994. The average emergence period was more shortened in 1994 than 1993. This was reduced as planting date delayed. Days to flowering, pod formation and maturity were shortened as planting date delayed, and observed that shortening of days to flowering and maturity were smaller in the summer types than the autumn types. Stem height, stem diameter, number of mainstem nodes, number of branches and number of branch nodes were different between the summer types and the autumn types and between 1993 and 1994. These were reduced as planting date delayed. The number of pods per plant was also different between 1993 and 1994, and reduced as planting date delayed. The number of seeds per pod was not different between 1993 and 1994, and shown to similar tendency as planting date delayed. It was observed that one hundred seed weight of the summer types were reduced, but the autumn types were not as planted date delayed in 1993. In 1994, one hundred seed weight was not measured because almost all pods were unfilled or shriveled probably due to high temperature during pod formation period. The rate of unfilled pods per plant was higher the autumn types than in the summer type of soybeans in 1994.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.363-368
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• 2007

Traditional kochujang samples were collected from the folk village in Sunchang to find the major microbial composition and correlation between the taste and the microbial properties. Among the 29 samples, 17 samples showed Bacillus licheniformis as dominant strain with 11 samples Bacillus subtilis and 1 sample Staphylococcus pasteuri. Subdominant strain of 17 samples was Bacillus licheniformis with 12 samples Bacillus subtilis. Dominant strain numbers varied in rage of $6.60{\sim}8.38$ logCFU/g with subdominant strain number $5.90{\sim}7.86$ logCFU/g and total microbial number $6.64{\sim}8.56$ logCFU/g respectively. Bacterial type number varied in range of $6{\sim}18$ with the average 10.5 types. Fungi were found only in 2 samples and identified all to be Aspergillus oryzae. Yeasts were found in 25 samples. The dominant yeast strain of 23 samples was identified to be Zygosaccharomyces pseudorouxii and that of 2 samples Zygosaccharomyces rouxii. Yeast type variety showed that only single type was found in 15 samples, 2 types in 8 samples, 3 types in 1 sample and 4 types in 1 sample. Fungal number was 3.90 and 4.08 logCFU/g and yeast numbers varied in range of $3.90{\sim}6.43$ logCFU/g. The sensory scores of kochujang showed positive correlation with type numbers, but no significant correlation with the other microbial properties like total bacterial number, dominant bacterial number, subdominant bacterial number and dominant yeast number.

• Journal of Intelligence and Information Systems
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.83-98
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• 2006

When unit loads are stacked in multiple tiers, as the number of tiers increases, the space consumption per unit load decreases; at the same time, the number of relocations during retrieval operations increases. This study derives formulas fur estimating the expected number of relocations for retrieving a random unit load from various types of stacks with different combinations of the number of rows, the number of columns, and the number of tiers. Based on the derived formulas, the handling cost and the space cost of the different types of stacks are compared with each other.

• Journal of computational fluids engineering
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.41-46
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• 2010

In this paper, the fluid dynamic forces and performances of a moving airfoil in the low Reynolds number flow is addressed. In order to simulate the necessary propulsive force for the moving airfoil in a low Reynolds number flow, a lattice-Boltzmann method is used. The critical Reynolds and Strouhal numbers for the thrust generation are investigated for the four propulsion types. It was found that the Normal P&D type produces the largest thrust with the highest efficiency among the investigated types. The leading edge of the airfoil has an effect of deciding the force production types, whereas the trailing edge of the airfoil plays an important role in augmenting or reducing the instability produced by the leading edge oscillation. It is believed that present results can be used to decide the optimal propulsion types for the given Reynolds number flow.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.112-123
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• 1997

This study investigated the effect of high-rise buildings on the preference for rural landscapes. The study site was a Seoul suburban, Yong-in, which showed typical scenes of rural development. Slides used in the study were taken in Young-in along the national road 45(north-south) and national road 42(east-west). Forty slides reflecting typical characters of Young-in were selected. Among them, ten slides which were selected through factor analysis based on “ruralits”score were used as original slides. They represent ten landscape types. The simulation of original slides was based on the following aspects: a observation distance. number of buildings and landscape types. The preferences for the landscapes were tested by 200 respondents on 40 slides: Distance(2) ${\times}$ Landscape type(10) = 20 slides, Number of buildings(2) ${\times}$ Landscape type(10) = 20 slides. The following results are found: 1) When high-rise buildings are introduced into rural scenes, there are some vulnerable landscape types: the landscape with high “rurality”, the landscape with background skyline and the focal landscape. 2) The observation distance affects landscape preference. The hypothesis that the nearer the distance the lower the preferences, is accepted. However, there are some exceptions in 3 landscape types. 3) The hypothesis that the more the number of buildings, the lower the preferences, is rejected. The result is quite unexpected one. When a single building is introduced in natural scene, it draws more attention as a focal point than a group of buildings, and subsequently the visual impact is stronger.

• The Journal of Korea Assosiation for Disability and Oral Health
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.67-72
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• 2017

The purpose of study was to analyze the types of dental treatment and their frequencies in a charity dental clinic for the disabled people, and to figure out baseline data for developing oral health policies. This study was based on the 141 patient records who visited the charity free dental clinic between 2011 and 2016. Data were evaluated according to gender, types of disability, types of treatment, and the average number of caries. The number of dental treatment according to sex was 70% for men and 30% for women. Patients were classified according to types of disability. The most common type of disability is intellectual disabilities (53.9%). After that, developmental disabilities were 37.5%, and brain lesions were 8.51%. The highest frequency of dental treatment is preventive treatment (45.1%). The mean number of dental caries was higher than the number of initial dental caries in all types of disability. Preventive oral care education and regular oral screening are necessary for the oral health of patients with disabilities.