• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
• /
• 제26권1호
• /
• pp.41-49
• /
• 2009

Objective : To make comprehensive picture of clinical trials using moxibustion and their results by today, then help a strategy for moxibustion-derived clinical studies in the future. Methods : Surveyed literatures containing randomized controled clinical trial (RCT) from PubMed and Korean journals. Analysis was performed according to distribution mainly by study subject, target diseases, study design, and its efficacy. Results : Fifty two literatures were selected according to inclusion criteria of randomized controled clinical study. Moxibustion-derived RCT have been rapidly increased from 2003 since the first was published in China in 1992. The main subjects of RCT are associated with immunity, cancer, arthritis, chronic colitis and urogenital disorders, which are connected to cold-elated pathogenesis. The average number of subjects was 94, and direct-moxibustion was mainly applied. The control groups were set up by giving conventional therapy, herbal medicine, acupuncture or only observation. The most of RCTs showed positive results. Conclusions : This study would be helpful for designing or conducting RCTs to develop the scientific development of moxibustion.

• 혜화의학회지
• /
• 제14권1호
• /
• pp.113-128
• /
• 2005

1. Acute laryngitis is a hoarse voice or the complete loss of the voice because of irritation to the vocal folds. 2. Acute laryngitis belongs with the GeupHuEum, HuBi, HuPung in oriental medicine. 3. GeupHuEum is caused by wind and cold, weak of lung and kidney, evil energy of liver, sore throat, etc. It is treated with the methods of cooling lung and wetting, removing heat and changing phlegm, etc. 4. Hubi is caused by fire and wind, dampness, large lung. It is treated with the methods of removing heat and antidote, reinforcing and descending fire, bleeding by acupuncture, vomiting. 5. Hupung is caused by phlegm and heat of lung and stomach, wind and heat. It is treated with the methods of dispersing wind and removing heat and changing phlegm by medicine, acupuncture, moxibustion, vomiting, fumigation.

• 대한한의학회지
• /
• 제31권6호
• /
• pp.16-20
• /
• 2010

Objective: This study aimed to produce a description of features of chronic fatigue patients visiting an Oriental Hospital. Methods: 121 patients (75 male and 46 female) who visited a fatigue-care center were enrolled in this study, and the main complaints besides fatigue feeling, symptom differentiation, and health-related factors were analyzed. Results: On a visual analogue scale (VAS), average severity of fatigue was 7.0 (male 6.77 and female 7.4; 0 indicates no fatigue vs. 10 indicates intolerable fatigue), and the main complaints included headache (male and female) and dyspepsia (female). Patients generally slept about 7 hrs and caught a cold 2.4 times per year (same in both male and female). 54.6 % of patients used functional supplements, and red ginseng, vitamin and herbal medicine were chosen in that order. Conclusions: Chronic fatigue is a main target of traditional Korean medicine (TKM). This study can be helpful to design TKM-based treatment for chronic fatigue-related symptoms.

• 약학회지
• /
• 제12권1_2호
• /
• pp.1-15
• /
• 1968

The levels of activities of amylase, lipase and trypsin in both the pancreatic tissue and serum of 18 species of vertebrate animals were measured and enzymologically compared with each other. 1) The value of amylase in the pancreas of experimental mammalia has been found decreasing in the order pig, rat, dog, cat, rabbit and cow; that of pancreatic lipase has been found decreasing in the order of pig, dog, cat, rat, rabbit and cow; and that of trypsin has been found decreasing in the order of pig, cow, dog, rat, rabbit. Thus the value of all the above three kinds of enzymes were observed highest in pig, but in cow amylase and lipase were observed lowest while trypsin were observed considerably high. 2) In view of diets, the comparatively high values of pancreatic enzyme were observed in the ommivorous animals such as pig, rat, dog, while the values observed low in the herbivorous animals, such as cow and rabbit. 3) In the bovine, the values were observed moderately high except lipase which were found comparatively low. 4) In the Reptilia and Amphibia such a mud turttle and frog, the values were shown in similar measure with each other, that is, the pancreatic amylase and trypsin were observed considerably high while the lipase was found low. 5) In the species of Reptilia such as a viper and snake, the activities of pancreatic enzymes were not detected. But in the tissue of liver, stomach, activities of the enzymes were found considerably high. Lacertilia animals such as lizard the values of pancreatic enzymes were little observed. 6) In the fish in which the pancreatic tissue is scattered in the liver, the pancreatic enzymes were found in the liver tissue considerably higher than in the other tissues but lower than in the warm-blooded animals, especially the lipase was lower. 7) In generally the values of serum amylase and lipase were observed higher than those of man; and even in the cold-blooded animals in which the values of pancreatic enzymes were shown low or none, the values were also observed high. 8) The above three kinds of pancreatic enzyme values of those experimental animals have shown a tendency of higher degree in higher taxa than in lower taxa according to taxonomical order. 9) In view of tissue, the pancreatic cell was observed large in the mammalian animals such as rat and pig and cytoplasm was also abundantly contained in the acinous cell; and the bovine and the snake haave the pancreatic cells of the similar rosette form the comparatively large acinous cells of long rhombic form in the comparatively large acinous cells of long rhombic form in which the spindle shaped neucleus and the abundant cytoplasm were contained. In the fish the pancreatic cell were found scattered in the liver in which the very large pancreatic islet were found.

• 한방안이비인후피부과학회지
• /
• 제10권1호
• /
• pp.209-246
• /
• 1997

In the literatual study on the Ecthyma, the results were as follows. 1. The pathogenic factors of Ecthyma is divided three parts. One is exogenous pathogenic factors which including the wind evil, wind heat and toxic material produced by wetness evil. Another is endogenous pathogenic factors which including the declination of kidney-yang, impairment of the liver and kidney, the lower classes of yin-fire, accumulation of wetness-heat in the spleen asthenia, impairment of the liver and kidney, wetness-heat of three yang, asthenic heat-syndrome of three yin. The other is pathogenic factors neither endogenous nor exogenous which including the food and living, uncontrol sexual excess, anxiety and angry, injury of skin, injury of insects and animals. 2. Five viscera which was concerned with Ecthyma are liver, spleen and kidney. 3. Frequent region of Ecthyma are S-36(足三里) and C-7(陰交). External Ecthyma was rose to wetness-heat of three yang channel that cured easily. Internal Ecthyma was rose to asthenic heat-syndrome of three yin channel that cured hardly. 4. In the frequency of prescription, the most numerous prescription is Bojungikgitang(補中益氣湯) and the next are Kyukgigo(隔紙膏) and Yukmijihwanghwan(六味地滉丸). 5. In the frequency of medicine, the most medicine is Calomelas(輕粉) which included Hydrargyrum(水銀) and the next are Olibanum(乳香) and Resina Commiphorae Myrrhae(沒藥) which regulating vital energy and pain control medicine used that in order to destroy insects and remove polson. 6. In classification of the medical action, medicine of clearing away summer-heat and heat evil and activating blood circulation to dissipate blood stasis used to be very busy which in order to remove the disorder of vital energy for virulent heat-evil. 7. In classification of four characters, the most part is warm medicine, the next are cold and cool medicine and there is a few that is hot medicine. 8. In classification of five tastes, the most numerous tastes are bitter and acrid, the next are sweet, salty and sour tastes. 9. In classification of virulence of medicine, the most part is non-toxic, the next are weakly and deadly poison. 10. In classification of channel distribution, the most is the medicine that belongs to liver channel, the next are the lung, spleen, stomach and kidney channel.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
• /
• 제26권3호
• /
• pp.59-65
• /
• 2009

Objectives : This survey was done in order to find out how Korean medical doctors derive pattern identification for acupuncture prescriptions in treating knee pain in real clinical practice. Methods : The survey questionnaire was developed by the committee of experts who major in acupuncture & moxibustion or statistics for acupuncture clinical trial protocol development. The questionnaires were distributed via e-mail to 75 members of Korean Acupuncture & moxibustion society from March 26th to April 14th in 2009. 57 members completed answers, and the computerized data were analyzed by SPSS 17.0 statistical program. Results : 1.54 Korean medical doctors selected meridian pattern identification based on the course of the meridians(52.5%), visceral pattern identification(27.1%), pattern identification based on cause of disease(8.5%) as the most commonly used pattern identification methods for acupuncture prescription when treating knee pain patients in real clinical practice. 2. In meridian pattern identification based on the course of the meridians, liver meridian of the medial knee region(13.2%), bladder meridian of the posterior knee region(12.0%), spleen meridian of the lateral knee region(11.7%), stomach meridian of the anterior knee region(9.8%) and kidney meridian of the medial knee region(8.6%) were selected. 3. In visceral pattern identification, blood stasis of sinews due to liver and kidney deficiency(5.3%), damp joint with yang deficiency of liver and kidney(4.9%), kidney qi deficiency with congealing cold(4.5%), yin deficiency of liver and kidney(4.1%) were selected. Conclusions : In our e-mail survey, Korean medical doctors answered that Meridian Pattern Identification based on the course of the meridians is the most often used diagnosis method. Visceral pattern identification, pattern identification based on cause of disease, pattern identification based on symptom and pattern identification based on qi-blood-yin-yang theory in order of frequency used, were selected for knee pain diagnosis in real clinical practice.

• 동의생리병리학회지
• /
• 제23권5호
• /
• pp.958-963
• /
• 2009

I Alcoholic hepatitis is a serious liver disease that may lead to cirrhosis and carcinoma, and the short-term mortality rate is fairly high in severe patients. This study was conducted to develop the instrument of pattern identification for alcoholic hepatitis. We made the pattern identification questionnaire and symptoms indicator through reviewing traditional oriental medical literatures and got advices from the advisor committee with Delphi technique. The advisor committee on this study was organized by 10 professors of internal medicine of oriental medical colleges nationwide. The questionnaire was composed of questions about 6 pattern identification - dampness, heat, liver, spleen, cold and dryness. We gave importance to each symptoms of 6 pattern identification which had been scored on a 5-point scale. We surveyed two groups: 36 male alcoholic hepatitis patients whose Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test(AUDIT) scores were over 12 and who drank alcohol over 40 g per day were allocated to the hepatitis group. Forty three men who did not drink alcohol were allocated to the normal group. Alcoholic hepatitis had relativities to dampness, heat among cause of disease and liver, spleen among viscera. There were statistical significances between the hepatitis group and the normal group in dampness, heat, liver questionnaire. As a result of this study we suggest that the questionnaire would be effective instruments of pattern identification for alcoholic hepatitis.

• 대한한의학방제학회지
• /
• 제12권1호
• /
• pp.149-157
• /
• 2004

1. All the male students and female students who had taken these herb medicines showed a strong increase in immunity (P<0.01) and they were more effective to the male students (P<0.01) rather than the female students (P<0.05) (figure 1). Generally, immunity may be reduced at the time of fatigue and overwork but as these herb medicines have the effect of increasing immunity. Therefore, it is considered that they not only reduce the fatigue of human body but also heighten immunity against disease. 2. The students who had taken these herb medicines showed some reduction in Cortisol concentration in blood, which didn't show the difference of concentration up to statistical meaning compared to before taking the medicines (figure 2). Accordingly, it is regarded that these herb medicine drink restrained stress slightly. 3. The students who had taken these herb medicines showed some reduction in BUN concentration in blood, which didn't show the difference of concentration up to statistical meaning compared to before taking the medicines (figure 3). For the women, they restrained the toxicity of the kidneys just a little. Accordingly, it shows that these medicines are safe herb medicines without the toxicity of the kidneys. 4. The students who had taken these herb medicines didn't show the difference of concentration up to statistical meaning in sFOT and sGPT concentration in blood compared to taking them (figure $4{\sim}5$). Accordingly, it is suggested that these medicines are safe stuffs without the toxity of the liver. 5. Seven members of the university students answered to the questionaire that they were pleasant while taking the medicines and didn't feel fatigue. They answered very positively that they had better effects than before taking the medicines in many things (Refer to the Questionaire). However, one male student and two female students of them complained of temporary headache and indigestion for 2 days after taking these herb medicines but they said they had been taking cold medicines due to cold symptom before taking the medicines. Accordingly, it turns out that such temporary symptom is not irrelevant to these medicines. In conclusion, it is considered that these herb medicines have the effects of increasing immunity, restraining fatigue and stress through this clinical study carried out in simple way and that they are valuable as herb medicines without the toxity of the liver and kidneys.

• 한방안이비인후피부과학회지
• /
• 제15권1호
• /
• pp.198-218
• /
• 2002

On the basis of Imjeungjinamuian(臨證指南醫案), authors investigated the pathogenesis and treatment of ophthalmotolaryngobgic diseases from the viewpoint of Onbyeong(溫病). 1. The symptoms and diseases investigated according to department were as follows;. 1) Ophthalmology : blepharitis, blepharedema, lacrimal hypersecretion, hyperemia, ophthalmalgla, photopsia, visual disturbance, mydriasis 2) Otology : full-feeling, otorrhea, otalgla, mastoiditis, tinnitus, hearing disturbance, vertigo 3) Rhinology : rhinorrhea, nasal obstruction, sinusitis, epistaxis 4) Laryngology : sore throat, hoarseness 5) The Others : headache, cough, asthma 2. The pathogenesis and treatment of ophthalmotolaryngologic diseases were as follows. 1) When the pathogenesis of hyperemia, otorrhea, otalgia, mastoiditis, hearing disturhance. epistaxis, sore throat, headache and cough are wind-stagnanc(風鬱), wind-warm(風溫), wind-fire(風火), wind-dryness(風燥), dryness-heat(燥熱), the treatment of pungent-cool-evaporating(辛凉解表) with Dajosan(茶調散), Mori Folium(桑葉), Lonicerae Flos(金銀花), Forsythiae Fructus(連翹), Viticis Fructus(蔓荊子), Prunellae Spica(夏枯草), Arctii Fructus(牛蒡子), etc can be applied. 2) When the pathogenesis of hoarseness, cough and asthma are cold(寒), cold with endogenous heat(寒包熱, 外冷內熱), water retention(水邪), fluid retention(伏飮), impairment of YangKi by overexertion(勞傷陽氣), the treatment of pungent-warm-evaporating(辛溫解表) with Mahaenggamseoktang(麻杏甘石湯), Socheongryongtang(小靑龍湯), Jeongryeokdaejosapyetang(정력대조사폐탕), Gyejitang(桂枝湯), Armeniacae Amarum Semen(杏仁), etc can be applied. 3) When the pathogenesis of photopsia, otorrhea, otalgia, rhinorrhea, sinusitis, epistaxis, sore throat, hoarseness, headache and cough are stagnancy-induced heat(鬱熱), wind-dryness(風燥), wind-heat(風熱), summer heat(暑熱), summer wind(暑風), insidious summer heat(伏暑), autumn heat(秋暑), autumn wind(秋風), autumn dryness(秋燥), dryness-heat(燥熱), heat in Ki system(氣分熱), insidious warm(溫伏), brain discharge by fire in Ki system(氣火 腦熱), heat in stomach(胃熱), endogenous fire by deficiency of Yin(陰虛內火), deficiency of Yin in stomach(胃陰虛), the treatment of Ki-cooling(淸氣) with Bangpungtongseongsan(防風通聖散), Ikweonsan(益元散), Gyejibaekhotang(桂枝白虎湯), Geumgwemaekmundongtang(금궤맥문동탕), Gyeongokgo(瓊玉膏), Sojae Semen Praeparatum(두시), Scutellariae Radix(黃芩), Phyllostachys Folium(竹葉), Adenophorae Radix(沙參), Mori Cortex(桑白皮), Fritillariae Cirrhosae Bulbus(貝母), etc can be applied. 4) When the pathogenesis of blepharitis, hyperemia, ophthalmalgia, full-feeling, otorrhea, otalgia, tinnitus, hearing disturbance, sinusitis, hoarseness, headache and cough are fire in liver(肝火), fire in gallbladder(膽火), ministerial fire in Soyang system(少陽相火), wind-stagnancy(風鬱), stagnancy-induced fire(鬱火), brain discharge by phlegm-fire(痰火 腦熱), the treatment of mediation(和解) with Gardeniae Fructus(梔子), Moutan Cortex(牧丹皮), Saigae Tataricae Cornu(羚羊角), Artemisiae Annuae Herba(靑蒿), Cyperi Rhizoma(香附子), Poria(적복령), etc can be applied. 5) When the pathogenesis of blepharedema and cough are dampness in both spleen and lung(脾肺濕) damp-heat(濕熱), damp-phlegm(濕痰), the treatment of dampness-resolving(化濕) with Poria(백복령), Coicis Semen(薏苡仁), Tetrapanacis Medulla(通草), Armeniacae Amarum Semen(杏仁), Talcum(滑石), etc can be applied. 6) When the pathogenesis of vertigo and cough are deficiency of Yong(營虛), heat in Yong, system(營熱), the treatment of Yong-cooling(淸營) with Rehmanniae Radix(生地黃), Liriopis Tuber(麥門冬), Biotae Semen(柏子仁), Lilii Bulbus(百合), Phyllostachys Folium(竹葉), etc can be applied. 7) When the pathogenesis of epistaxis are heat in blood system of heart(心血熱), reversed flow of fire(火上逆), overexertion(努力), the treatment of blood-cooling(凉血) with Rhinoceri Cornu(犀角), Rehmanniae Radix(生地黃), Moutan Cortex(牧丹皮), Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix(丹參), Scrophulariae Radix(玄蔘), etc can be applied. 8) When the pathogenesis of nasal obstruction is pathogen-stagnancy(邪鬱), the treatment of resuscitation(開竅) with Sosang(少商, LU11) acupuncture can be applied. When the pathogenesis of hoarseness is evil Ki(穢濁), the treatment of resuscitation(開竅) with Arctii Fructus(牛蒡子), Lasiosphaera Seu Calvatia(馬勃), Curcumae Radix(鬱金), etc can be applied. When the pathogenesis of headache is stasis of both Ki and blood(氣血瘀痺), the treatment of resuscitation(開竅) with Cnidii Rhizoma(川芎), Asari Herba Cum Radice(細辛), Scorpio(全蝎), moxibustion(灸), etc can be applied. 9) When the pathogenesis of lacrimal hypersecretion, visual disturbance, mydriasis, tinnitus, hearing disturbance, sinusitis, epistaxis, hoarseness and cough are deficiency of Yin(陰虛), deficiency of kidney(腎虛), deficiency of both liver and kidney(肝腎虛), deficiency of both heart and kidney(心腎虛), brain discharge by deficiency of Yin(陰虛 腦熱), exuberance of Yang in liver(肝陽上亢), overexertion(勞損), the treatment of Yin-replenishing(滋陰) with Yukmijihwanghwan(六味地黃丸), Hojamhwan(虎潛丸), Jeobutang(猪膚湯), Lycii Fructus(枸杞子), Polygoni Multiflori Radix(何首烏), Rehmanniae Radix(生地黃), Schizandrae Fructus(五味子), Liriopis Tuber(麥門冬), Asini Gelatinum(阿膠), etc can be applied. 10) When the pathogenesis of ophthalmalgia, mydriasis, vertigo and headache are deficiency of Yin in liver(肝陰虛), exuberance of Yang in liver(肝陽上亢), endogenous wind(內風), excess in upper and deficiency in lower part(上實下虛), the treatment of Yin-replenishing(滋陰) and endogenous wind-calming(熄風) with Rehmanniae Radix Preparat(熟地黃), Lycii Fructus(枸杞子), Polygoni Multiflori Radix(何首烏), Paeoniae Radix Alba(白芍藥), Ostreae Concha(牡蠣), Saigae Tataricae Cornu(羚羊角), Chrysanthemi Flos(菊花), etc be applied. 11) When the pathogenesis of mydriasis, sinusitis, hoarseness, headache, cough and asthma are exhaustion of vital essence(精氣無收藏), brain discharge(腦髓不固), floating Yang(陽虛浮), exsanguination(失血), deficiency of both Yin and Yang(陰陽不足), overexertion(勞損), deficiency of Yang in kidney(腎陽虛), the treatment of Yang-restoring and exhaustion-arresting(回陽固脫) with Yangyeongtang(養營湯), Cheonjinhwan(天眞丸), Bokmaektang(복맥탕), Geonjungtang(建中湯), Dogihwan(都氣丸), Singihwan(腎氣丸), Jinmutang(眞武湯), Ostreae Concha(牡蠣), Nelumbinis Semen(蓮子肉), etc can be applied. 12) When the pathogenesis of lacrimal hypersecretion, vertigo and headache are deficiency of stomach and endogenous wind(胃虛內風), endogenous wind with phlegm(內風挾痰), liver check of stomach(肝木橫擾), the treatment of concomitant-treating of both liver and stomach(肝胃同治) with Paeoniae Radix Alba(白芍藥), Uncariae Ramulus Et Uncus(釣鉤藤), Gastrodiae Rhizoma(天麻), Astragali Radix(황기), Pinelliae Rhizoma(半夏), etc can be applied. When the pathogenesis of asthma is failure of kidney to promote inspiration(腎不納氣), the treatment of kidney-tonifing and inspiration-promoting(補腎納氣) with Singihwan(腎氣丸), Psoraleae Fructus(補骨脂), Juglandis Semen(胡桃), Aquilariae Resinatum Lignum(沈香), etc can be applied. When the pathogenesis of asthma is deficiency of Ki(氣虛), the treatment of Ki-reinforcing(補氣) with Sagunjatang(四君子湯), Insamgeonjungtang(人參建中湯), etc can be applied.

• 혜화의학회지
• /
• 제9권1호
• /
• pp.337-352
• /
• 2000

According to the literatual study on the Infantile Vomiting since the publication of ${\ll}Hwangjenaekung{\gg}$, the results were as follows. 1. The causes of vomiting are classified into the following kind: external cause are the cold and heat, not external and internal are disorder of food and mood, internal are the dysfuntion of spleen, stomach, liver, kidney. 2. The Oriental Medical cause of Infantile Vomiting is disorder of food, intusion of outside evil, heat accumulation in the stomach, deficiency of stomach liquid, reverse flowing of Qi resulted from fear and being frightened. There are so many causes of Infantile Vomiting, but they are all related to the stomach. 3. The Western Medical cause of Infantile Vomiting are classified with the situation of stimulation, age, accompanied symptom. The main cause related with the age is inhalation of amniotic fluid, maternal blood, infectious disease, wrong lactation method, functional and organic abnormality. 4. The Infantile Vomiting is similar with the adults, but the spleen and stomach of infants is so feeble that the vomiting happens very easily. The reverse flowing of Qi resulted from fear and being frightened and disorder of food are the main cause in infants. 5. The cause of Infantile Vomiting between Oriental Medicine and Western's is so similar and both emphasized the function of spleen and stomach. But the comment on the external cause(cold, heat) and not internal & external cause(mood disorder) is a creative view of Oriental Medicine.