• 대한족부족관절학회지
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.173-178
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• 2005

Propose: There have been many debates about the ideal surgical technique for acute Achilles tendon rupture. The purpose of this study is to review and analyze the clinical outcome of the acute Achilles tendon ruptures that had been repaired by indirect suture technique with minimal incision that utilized an instrument called Achillon (Newdeal, France). Materials and Methods: This study is based on the 14 cases (14 patients) of acute Achilles tendon total ruptures that have been repaired by minimal incision technique utilizing Achillon instrument from June 2003 to December 2004. Two cases were reruptured before 8 weeks and repaired again using Krackow suture which left 12 feet for postoperative functional evaluation with at least 6 months of follow-up. Ten cases were men and average age at time of injury was 34.4 (26-49) years. The time from injury to surgery was an average of 4.5 (1-9) days and the postoperative evaluations were done by an Arner-Lindholm scale and AOFAS score. The ability to return to original work and sports activities as well as patient satisfaction were also evaluated. Results: The follow-up period was averaged for 13.2 (6-24) months. Seventy-one percent of cases were ruptured during sports activities. The ruptured level was the average of 5.1 cm (3.2-8 cm) above calcaneal attachment and the skin incision was averaged for 2.7 cm (2.5-3.0 cm) long. At final follow-up, standing on tip-toe was possible in all cases while the heel-floor height on ruptured side was shorter by 0.7 cm (0-2 cm). By Arner-Lindholm evaluation scale, 9 cases were excellent, and 3 cases were good. Overall AOFAS score was an average of 96.1 (94-100), and all patients were satisfied with the result. Patients returned to work at an average of 1.3 months after the surgery and pre-injury sports activities were all possible from at 6 months after operation. Conclusion: Since we have treated acute Achilles tendon ruptures with minimal incision technique utilizing the Achillon and gained encouraging functional results with all patients returning to previous work with high patient satisfaction, this technique could be recommended as one of the ideal surgical options for the Achilles tendon ruptures.

• 정보관리학회지
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• 제33권1호
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• pp.33-52
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• 2016

본 연구는 GMD를 대체하는 RDA 자원유형인 내용유형, 매체유형, 수록매체유형의 디스플레이를 위한 고려사항을 모색하고자 한다. 연구방법으로는 문헌연구, 사례조사, 설문조사를 이용하였다. RDA 자원유형의 디스플레이 방안으로 첫째, RDA 자원유형을 디스플레이하기 위해 내용유형과 수록매체유형을 결합하는 것을 제안하였다. 둘째, RDA 내용유형과 수록매체유형을 아이콘화하는 알고리즘으로 내용유형을 나타내는 이미지와 수록매체유형 용어를 결합하는 방안과 내용유형과 수록매체유형을 모두 이미지로 표현하고 각 이미지에 해당하는 용어를 포함시키는 방안을 제안하였다. 셋째, 복합자원의 자원유형 디스플레이를 위해 필드링크와 순서를 나타내는 서브필드를 활용하여 내용유형, 수록매체유형이 세트로 유지될 수 있도록 제안하였다. 넷째, 간략화면에서 자원유형을 나타내는 아이콘은 자원이 디스플레이되는 왼쪽 상단에 두고, 상세화면에서는 자원유형을 기술사항 내에 배치하는 것을 제안하였다. 다섯째, 표출어로 '포맷'이라는 표현을 사용할 것을 제안하였다. 본 연구는 RDA 자원유형의 디스플레이를 계획할 때 고려사항을 제시하였으므로 도서관에서 실질적인 RDA 디스플레이 방안 마련에 활용할 수 있을 것이다.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제47권1호
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• pp.57-72
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• 2005

The present study was undertaken to investigate the effects of nutrient density diets and sex on carcass and pork quality characteristics in finishing pigs. A total of 96 pigs(58.04 $\pm$ 6.85 kg) were divided into 2 groups(gilts and barrows), each sex group was assigned to 3 nutrient density(high : 18.5%, middle : 16.0% and low: 14.0% CP, respectively) and raised up to 1l0kg live weight. Each treatment had four replicates with three or five pigs per replicate. The treatments comprised the feeding regimes of 1) the low density diet for 60 days, 2) the middle nutrient density diet for the 30 days followed by a low nutrient density diet for the remaining 30 days and 3) the high nutrient density diet for the 30 days followed by a middle nutrient density diet for the remaining 30 days. Pigs were conventionally slaughtered, and then chilled overnight. Carcass characteristics and grades were determined on those carcasses, and pork loin muscle was removed from each left side at 5th to 13th rib for quality evaluation were evaluated. There were no differences in the carcass weight between sex and nutrient density. Dressing percent of L-L(gilts) treatment was significantly higher than that of other treatments(P< 0.05). Barrows showed a thicker back fat thickness than gilts. There were no difference in intramuscular fat, subcutaneous fat and springiness between sex and nutrient density. Intermuscular fat of barrows groups was significantly higher than the gilts groups(P < 0.05). In the meat quality characteristics, there were no difference in general composition, meat and fat color between sex and nutrient density. pH of L-L(gilts) treatment was significantly higher than that of other treatments(P < 0.05). Cooking loss and shear force value of H-M(barrows) treatment were significantly higher than those of other treatments(P< 0.05). Purge loss of barrows groups was significantly higher than the gilts groups(P < 0.05). Myoglobin content of H-M treatment was significantly lower than L-L and M-L treatments(P< 0.05). Texture of H-M treatment was higher than L-L and M-L treatments. The content of myristic, palmitic, palmitoleic and oleic acid were significantly higher in the barrows groups(P< 0.05). However, stearic, linoleic and arachidonic acid were significantly higher in the gilts(P < 0.05). Amino acid content of L-L treatment was significantly higher than M-L and H-M treatments(P < 0.05). In conclusion, carcass and pork quality characteristics were affected by sex and nutrient density.

• 대한방사선기술학회지:방사선기술과학
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.83-89
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• 2003

대퇴골 전염각의 정확한 측정은 정형외과 분야에서 중요한 의미를 가지며, 원위 대퇴골의 양과부를 횡단하는 면에 대하여 대퇴골 경부의 장축이 전방으로 기울어진 축면상의 각도이다. 대퇴골부와 슬개골부를 전산화단층촬영한 영상을 측정하고 있는 기존의 CT 영상의 대퇴골 측정법을 대신하여 다양한 Pulse sequence를 이용한 자기공명영상으로 PACS Image viewer에서 성인 남자 $28{\sim}36$세를 대상으로 대퇴골 전염각을 측정하였다. 오른쪽 대퇴골 전염각의 T2강조영상은 $18.5{\sim}45.4^{\circ}$, T1강조영상 $18.9{\sim}25.6^{\circ}$, 경사에코 $18.7{\sim}26.0^{\circ}$, 지방억제기법 $21.3{\sim}24.9^{\circ}$, 왼쪽 대퇴골 전염각의 T2강조영상은 $19.2{\sim}24.3^{\circ}$, T1강조영상 $18.8{\sim}24.5^{\circ}$, 경사에코 $20.1{\sim}25.6^{\circ}$, 지방억제기법 $20.0{\sim}25.3^{\circ}$로 측정되었고, 오른쪽과 왼쪽 대퇴골 전염각의 이원배치 분산분석에서 모두 유의한 차이가 있었다(p<0.05). 수 작업 방법의 대퇴골 전염각 측정에 비해 Image Viewer 프로그램에서는 마우스를 이용한 측정으로 편리하였고, MR 영상은 CT 영상에 비해 다양한 Pulse sequence를 선택적으로 적절한 촬영기법을 사용하여 대퇴골 전염각 측정에 유용하였다.

• 한국언론정보학보
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• 제78권
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• pp.177-205
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• 2016

이 연구는 지역신문 기자들의 직업이동을 통해 지역언론의 현실과 기자들의 직업정체성 변화를 살펴보고자 했다. <대전일보>, <중도일보>, <충청투데이>의 대전지역 3개 종이신문에서 퇴직한 기자들이 어떤 이유로, 어디에서 어디로, 어떻게 경력 이동했는지를 알아본 결과, 동종 종이신문과 인터넷신문 같은 저널리즘 영역에서 활동하는 기자들이 있는가 하면 정치 행정 학계 경제 문화예술 등 여러 분야로 이직했다. 이들이 신문을 떠난 이유는 보수 복지 미흡과 미래비전 부재가 가장 많았으며 구조조정, 취재보도 활동제약, 많은 업무량도 영향을 주었다. 1997년 IMF 외환위기 이전 언론노동시장은 공채로 입사해 평기자, 차장, 부장, 국장으로 승진하는 전형적인 내부노동시장이었지만 뉴미디어의 등장과 신문기업의 경영난으로 내부노동시장이 약화되고 있음을 보여줬다. 기자들은 자기 개발을 통해 전문성을 높여 직업을 바꾸기보다는 지연 학연, 출입처 같은 사회자본을 적극적으로 활용함으로써 지역신문 본연의 감시비판 기능을 위축시키는 부작용과 함께 기자들의 직업정체성까지 훼손시키고 있었다.

• 구강회복응용과학지
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• 제34권1호
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• pp.17-31
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• 2018

목적: 이 연구의 목적은 다양한 구강 스캐너를 사용하여 협측 악간관계 스캔에 따른 상하악 악궁 관계의 정확성을 비교 평가하는 것이다. 연구 재료 및 방법: 정상 교합을 보이는 상하악 전악 모델을 5종(Cerec Omnicam, CS3500, iTero, Trios, TruDef)의 구강 스캐너로 제조사의 지시대로 스캔하였다. 폴리비닐실록산 교합 재료로 고정시킨 금속 지그를 이용하여 우측 구치부를 1, 2, 3, 4 mm 단계적으로 올린 후 좌측 협측 악간관계 스캔을 채득하였다. 두 데이터를 중첩하여 전체적인 삼차원 변이를 평가하였고, 교합 평면에 수직인 단면을 분석하여 교두간 거리의 양과 방향을 평가하였다. 결과: 중첩연구에서 Cerec Omnicam ($165.5{\mu}m$)이 가장 적은 변이를 보였고, CS3500 ($369.0{\mu}m$)이 가장 큰 변이를 보였으며(P < 0.01), 1 mm 보다 3, 4, 2 mm 이개 그룹에서 변이가 유의미하게 컸다(P < 0.01). 단면 연구에서는 Cerec Omnicam이 교두끼리의 거리가 가장 먼 변이를 보였고($-242.8{\mu}m$), CS3500이 가장 가까워지는 변이를 보였으며($312.5{\mu}m$), 다른 거상 높이 보다 3 mm 이개 그룹에서 유의하게 변이가 컸다(P < 0.01). 결론: 구강 스캐너 마다 협측 악간관계 스캔을 이용해 상하악 교합 관계를 재현하는 정확성이 달랐다.

• 대한척추외과학회지
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.180-184
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• 2018

연구 계획: 증례 보고 목적: 경피적 내시경하 요추 추간판 절제술 후 인식하지 못한 경막 손상에 의해 생긴 추간판과 경막 사이의 누공에 대해 보고하고자 한다. 선행 연구문헌의 요약: 경피적 내시경하 요추 추간판 절제술시 경막 손상의 위험은 낮은 것으로 알려져 있으며, 인지하지 못한 경막 손상이 보고 되고 있으나, 이를 정확히 진단할 수 있는 도구는 아직 알려지지 않고 있다. 대상 및 방법: 50세 여자 환자는 제 4-5요추 추간판 탈출증에 대해 두 차례 경피적 내시경하 요추 추간판 절제술을 시행 받았다. 하지만, 환자는 술 후 6개월에도 지속적으로 좌측 하지에 참을 수 없는 동통과 운동 신경 마비를 호소하였다. 이에 신경 조직 손상을 찾기 위해 수술을 계획하였다. 결과: 이전 수술 부위에서 경막 손상이 발견되었으며, 또한 경막 손상 부위에서 추간판과 경막 사이에 누공이 형성된 것을 발견 하였다. 경막 손상 부위는 경막 전측부에 위치 하였으며, 크기는 5 mm 정도 였다. 5~0 나일론과 접착 봉합제로 경막 손상 부위를 봉합하였다. 술 후 환자의 술 전 증상은 호전되었다. 결론: 경피적 내시경하 요추 추간판 절제술 후 인지하지 못한 경막 손상은 추간판과 경막 사이의 누공 형성의 원인이 될 수 있다. 추간판 조영술은 인지하지 못한 경막 손상에 의해 생성된 누공에 대한 신뢰할 수 있는 진단 도구이다.

• 복식
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• 제5권
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• pp.41-63
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• 1981

The mural portraits of the ancient Dukheungri tombs are very important for the study of our traditional costume because the tomb contains a stone. with the in-scription of the date of its erection, 408 A.D. and the name, and official status of the buried. The costumes shown in the mural paintings will be the basis on which historical research can be made concerning costumes before and after 400 A. D. The costume in the mural paintings is classified into five different categories; You (jacket), Po (overcoat), Go (trousers), Sang (skirt), and Gwan (hat). Comparing these categories with those of other mural paintings lead us to the following conclusions. 1. The length of the You (jacket) reaches below the buttocks and the sleeves are narrow. The edges of the sleeves are decorated with stripes. The You (jacket) over-laps on the right, center, and left sides, and there are many Jikryong (V-collar) and Danryong (rounded collar) styles, but it has a similar tendency to others of the Pyongyang area which exhibit many foreign influences. In a departure from tradition. the belts on the men's You (jackets) have only 3 knots in the front, with the back having more knots than the front. The belts of the women's You (jacket) seem to have had a band or button for fastening. We must re-evaluate the assumption that the You (jacket) and Go (trousers) of the northern peoples had the common characters of a belted You (jacket) and Po (over-coat) and that the Gorum originated from the Goryo or Unified Silla dynasty. The outside of the sleeves are longer and more to the side than the inner garment (underwear) so that the sleeves of the inner garment frequently overlapped the outer dress. The above mentioned facts have lead to the discovery of the "Hansam," "Tosi" and "Geodoolgi." 2. The Po (overcoat) was used only by the upperclasses and differs from those found in other mural tombs. The Po (overcoat) of the noble on the tomb mural is centered with an overlapping Jikryong (V-collar) while the other Po (overcoats) of the upperclasses are characterized by an overlap on the left, a Danryong (rounded collar) with two types of sleeves (wide and narrow). Foreign influences and traditional influences coexist in Po (overcoat). Belts have frontal knots without exceptions. The facts that the belts on the You (jackets) are on the front and the belts on the Po (overcoats) are on the back must be reexamined. 3. Go (trousers) is usually narrow, being wider in the rear and narrower below the knees. They were used by hunters on the back of horses with similar Go (trousers) from the Noinwoowha tombs being typical of the northern peoples. 4. Sang (skirts) are pleated as commonly seen in the Goguryo murals. The size of the pleat is varied, each pleat being characteristically wider and having different colors. Same types of pleat are discovered in Central Asia and China. It is uncertain whether the pleat of Goguryo was originated in Central Asia and China or only interrelated with those of the areas. 5. There are three kinds of Gwan (hats); Nagwan, Chuck, and Heukgun. Nag-wan was worn by the dead lords and their close relations. Chuck has three cone shaped horns. Heukgun was worn by military bandmen and horsemen. There are two kinds of hair styles. The up-style was used by the upperclass people closely related to lords, and other people used the Pungimoung hair style. The hair styles of the men and women are characterized by the Pungimoung style. which is a Chinese influence, but still retain their originality. The costume has a similar tendency from those from Yaksuri mural tombs, Anak No. 2 and Anak No. 3. We need to reexamine the costumes from $4{\sim}5$ century murals according to the Dukheungri murals. The costumes of Goguryo share many common factors with those of Western Asia, Central Asia and Ancient China (Han). It seems due to the cultural exchanges among the Northern peoples, the Western and Central Asians, and the Ancient Chinese. It may have resulted from the structural identity or morphological identity of the peoples, or their common social and natural environments and life styles. It will be very valuable to study the costumes of Japan, China, and Korea to find out the common factors. It is only regretful that the study is not based on direct observations but reported information made by 77 persons, because Dukheungri is an off-limits area to us.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• 제43권1호
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• pp.10-18
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• 2016

Background Lymphatic malformation (LM) is a form of congenital vascular malformation with a low incidence. Although LM has been studied, no consensus has emerged regarding its cause or treatment. Methods In this study, we retrospectively evaluated 40 patients who visited our vascular anomalies center for the treatment of cervicofacial LM, which is a common manifestation of LM. The medical records of patients over a period of 12 years were reviewed and analyzed for commonalities regarding the diagnosis and the results of treatment. Results Suspected cervicofacial LM was confirmed through imaging studies. No difference in incidence was observed according to sex, and 73% of patients first presented with symptoms before the age of two years. The left side and the V2-V3 area were most commonly affected. No significant differences in incidence were observed among the macrocystic, microcystic, and combined types of LM. A total of 28 out of 36 patients received sclerotherapy as the first choice of treatment, regardless of the type of lesion. Complete resolution was achieved in only 25% of patients. Conclusions LM is important to confirm the diagnosis early and to choose an appropriate treatment strategy according to the stage of the disease and each individual patient's symptoms. When treatment is delayed or an incorrect treatment is administered, patient discomfort increases as the lesion gradually spreads. Therefore, more so than is the case for most other diseases, a team approach on a case-by-case basis is important for the accurate and appropriate treatment of LM.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• 제49권4호
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• pp.215-227
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• 2019

Purpose: To histologically characterize periodontal healing at 8 weeks in surgically created dehiscence defects in beagle dogs that received a collagen matrix with periodontal ligament (PDL) progenitor cells. Methods: The bilateral maxillary premolars and first molars in 6 animals were used. Standardized experimental dehiscence defects were made on the buccal side of 3 premolars, and primary culturing of PDL progenitor cells was performed on the molars. Collagen matrix was used as a scaffold and a delivery system for PDL progenitor cells. The experimental sites were grafted with collagen matrix (COL), PDL progenitor cells with collagen matrix (COL/CELL), or left without any material (CTL). Histologic and histomorphometric analyses were performed after 8 weeks. Results: The defect height from the cementoenamel junction to the most apical point of cementum removal did not significantly differ across the CTL, COL, and COL/CELL groups, at $4.57{\pm}0.28$, $4.56{\pm}0.41$, and $4.64{\pm}0.27mm$ (mean ${\pm}$ standard deviation), respectively; the corresponding values for epithelial adhesion were $1.41{\pm}0.51$, $0.85{\pm}0.29$, and $0.30{\pm}0.41mm$ (P<0.05), the heights of new bone regeneration were $1.32{\pm}0.44$, $1.65{\pm}0.52$, and $1.93{\pm}0.61mm$ (P<0.05), and the cementum regeneration values were $1.15{\pm}0.42$, $1.81{\pm}0.46$, and $2.57{\pm}0.56mm$ (P<0.05). There was significantly more new bone formation in the COL/CELL group than in the CTL group, and new cementum length was also significantly higher in the COL/CELL group. However, there were no significant differences in the width of new cementum among the groups. Conclusions: PDL progenitor cells carried by a synthetic collagen matrix may enhance periodontal regeneration, including cementum and new bone formation.