• 한국문헌정보학회지
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• 제55권2호
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• pp.263-287
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• 2021

한국사회의 불평등과 관련된 연구는 다양한 영역에서 산발적으로 진행되어 왔다. 이 연구에서는 불평등 관련 연구 동향을 한국학술지인용색인을 통해 수집한 논문 데이터를 활용하여 기초 통계 분석, 단어 동시 출현 분석, 주 경로 분석을 통해 통합적으로 분석하였다. 기초 통계 분석을 통해 핵심저자, 저널, 논문을 파악할 수 있었다. 동시출현 분석을 통해 소득불평등, 교육불평등, 복지불평등, 불평등 정책이 핵심 주제로 확인되었다. 주 경로 분석을 통해 2004년 이후의 불평등 연구 흐름은 두 가지로 나타났다. 하나는 경제적 불평등에 관한 연구이고, 다른 하나는 건강 불평등 및 사회 구조적 불평등과 관련된 연구로 나타났다.

• 보건행정학회지
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.85-110
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• 2009

The aim of this study was to examine whether health status is different according to employment status and income level in wage-earners. We analyzed wage-earners of 2199 men and 1194 women aged 30-64 years, using data from the 2006 Korean Labor and Income Panel Study(KLIPS). The difference of health status according to employment status and income level was compared with the multiple logistic regression and the standardized concentration index of ill-health. The risk of ill-health was high when waged-earners had low income. The same is true for poor employment status when their employment status was unstable as in manual laborers, irregular workers, temporary, daily workers or part-time workers. furthermore, the wage-earners with lower income and a relatively disadvantageous employment status showed the lowest health status compared to other groups. Ill-health was relatively more concentrated in lower income group and poor employment status. This study identified the existence of health inequality among various employment status of wage-earners. It is suggested that policies that deal with the inequality in social class may have an important impact on the health of the population.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.49-59
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• 2022

The relationship between income inequality and capital account openness is empirically investigated in this study, where macroeconomic variables have opposing effects. Panel data used in the study from the KAOPEN Index and World Bank consists of 28 Asian countries and has been examined; it contains annual observations from 1970 to 2018. The data is examined using a random-effect model based on GMM estimates. Income inequality and capital account openness are positively and significantly related, according to our findings. Overall, the findings imply that increasing income gaps reduced capital investment in nations with large discrepancies. The growing economic discrepancy is being caused by the rich's increasing income share at the expense of the poor. In Asia, inward capital account openness exacerbates income inequality, while outward capital account openness exacerbates it. As a result, income inequality slows economic growth, leading to inflation, unemployment, and increased government spending in several Asian countries. Our control factors, GDP, and other secondary school enrolments, all had a statistically significant negative relationship with income inequality. Income disparity has a positive and statistically significant association with government spending, inflation, population, trade openness, and unemployment. Income disparity has a negative association with capital account openness, gross domestic product, and secondary school enrollment.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제19권5호
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• pp.331-341
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• 2019

본 연구는 외환위기 이후 소득계층별 보건의료비 지출이 가구소득 불평등에 미치는 영향과 그 변화를 확인하기 위하여 1996년부터 2016년도 가계소득조사를 활용하여 지니계수를 시계열적으로 산출하였다. 도출된 결과와 함의는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 외환위기 이후 가구 총소득 불평등은 연도별로 다소 변화는 있지만 지속적으로 심화되어 왔다. 둘째, 소득계층별 보건의료비 지출은 고소득층이 더 많이 지출하는 다소 불평등한 수준을 지속적으로 유지하고 있다. 셋째, 가구소득 불평등에 대한 보건의료비 지출의 영향을 평가하기 위하여 보건의료비 지출을 제외한 가구소득에 대한 지니계수를 산출한 결과, 총소득 지니계수 보다 그 값이 커져서 가구의 보건의료비 지출로 인하여 소득불평등이 심화되는 것으로 나타났다. 보건의료비 지출로 인한 가구소득 불평등 심화현상은 외환위기 이후 지속적으로 증가하는 경향을 보였다. 국민의료비 부담을 감소시키기 위한 목적으로 건강보험보장성 강화 등 노력이 지속적으로 이루어지고 있지만 소득불평등 해소에는 기여하지 못하는 것이다. 향후 저소득층의 의료비 지출 감소를 위한 보다 저소득층을 위한 선택적인 의료비 지원제도의 마련이 필요할 것이다.

• 대한장애인치과학회지
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.17-30
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• 2006

Federal disability law has evolved from several laws geared to protect people with disabilities since the late 1960s and early 1970s. When U.S. Congress passed the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) in 1990, no federal statute prohibited the majority of employers, program administrators, owners and managers of places of public accommodation and others from discriminating against people with disabilities. Toward the ends to assure equality of opportunity, full participation, independent living, and economic self-sufficiency for individuals with the disabilities, the ADA pursues three major strategies: Title I addresses inequality in employment, Title II, inequality in public services, and Title III, inequality in services and accommodations offered by private entities. The purposes of the study were to analyze the impact of the ADA on health care for persons with disabilities and to review the ongoing health policy reforms at the federal and state governments. Essential remedies that the ADA contemplates are based on two principles, simple discrimination and reasonable accommodation, which significantly improved access to quality care, especially long-term care, by persons with disabilities. However, the ongoing Medicaid policy reforms to control rising health care costs in the U.S. could threaten the access to care by persons with disabilities in optional groups and to optional care services by persons with disabilities in mandatory groups.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.439-445
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• 2018

본 연구는 소득 불평등의 심화가 건강 불평등을 가속화시키는 중요한 경로가 되고 있기에 한국 성인의 경제적 수준에 따른 구강건강상태 및 행태의 현황을 확인하여 구강건강 불평등 완화를 위한 대책과 함께 구강건강증진의 효율적 방안을 모색하는데 기초자료를 제공하고자 한다. 국민건강영양조사 제6기 3차년도(2015) 원시자료를 이용하여 분석하였고, 전체 대상자 중에서 만 19세 이상의 성인 총 5855명을 연구대상으로 선정하였다. 연구결과 가구소득이 적을수록, 기초생활수급 경험이 있는 사람일수록 DMFT는 높게 나타났고, DMFT와 경제적 불평등 변수와의 상관성은 DMFT가 높을수록 가구소득이 적고, 교육수준이 낮고, 기초생활보장 수급자 경험이 있는 것으로 나타났다. 이에 경제적 불평등은 객관적 구강건강과 구강건강행태 불평등으로 나타나는 것을 확인하였다. 또한 동에 거주하는 기초생활보장 수급자보다 읍, 면에 거주하는 기초생활보장 수급자의 객관적 구강건강상태가 좋았는데 그것은 정부의 구강보건사업이 도시 지역보다 농어촌 지역으로 편중되어 있기 때문으로 판단된다. 이에 취약계층의 구강보건사업을 지역별 구강보건사업 보다 더 나은 효율적인 방안을 모색하여야 할 것이며, 단순히 의료적 접근 등의 해소가 아닌 건강의 사회적 결정요인에 대한 포괄적인 중재정책과 공중보건사업을 통해 예방활동 강화가 필요할 것으로 판단되었다.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제19권7호
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• pp.546-558
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• 2019

건강불평등은 사회적 취약계층에게 부정적 영향을 미칠 수 있는 건강상의 차이를 일컫는다. 여러 학자들은 경제적, 사회적 불평등이 건강에 부정적 영향을 미치고 있으므로 건강 불평등을 축소하려는 사회적 개입이 필요하다고 주장한다. 이런 맥락에서 이 글은 여성가족부가 지난 2016년부터 시행하고 있는 학교 밖 청소년 건강검진을 한국 사회의 건강불평등 감소 정책의 일환으로 소개하고자 한다. 국가건강검진제도에서 소외됐던 학교 밖 청소년을 검진제도 내로 편입한 것은 국가차원의 건강불평등 완화 정책으로서 큰 의미를 갖는다. 지금까지 학교 밖 청소년은 한국 사회에서 소외집단이었을 뿐 아니라, 건강검진제도 내에서도 사각지대에 있었다. 이중의 상당수는 가족주의가 굳건한 한국사회에서 가족의 보호와 지원을 받지 못한 채 거리로 쫓겨난 어린 노동자임에도 불구하고 '일탈적인 10대', '가출 청소년', '비행 청소년' 등으로 불리며 차별받았다. 현행 학교 밖 청소년 건강검진은 대안학교에 다니거나 쉼터에 거주하는 등 비교적 주거파악이 쉬운 청소년 위주로 실시되고 있다. 이 제도의 실질적인 성과를 위해서는 주거가 불안정한 가출 청소년까지 검진제도 내로 포섭하는 접근성 확대 정책이 필요하다. 그리고 검진 사후관리, 예방접종과 정신건강, 검진주기 단축 등 실질적인 성과를 거두기 위한 방법과 실행이 더해져야 할 것이다.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제38권3호
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• pp.267-275
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• 2005

Evidence on the relation of socioeconomic position (SEP) with health and illness is mounting in South Korea. Several unlinked studies and individually linked studies (longitudinal study) showed a graded inverse relationship between SEP and mortality among South Korean males and females. Based on the mortality relative ratios by occupational class reported in the published papers of South Korea and western countries, the magnitude of the socioeconomic inequality in mortality in South Korea seems to be similar to or even greater than that in western industrialized countries. A potential contribution of health related selection, health behaviors and psychosocial factors to explain this socioeconomic inequality in mortality was discussed. It was suggested that early life exposure measures would demonstrate a greater ability to explain socioeconomic inequalities in all-cause mortality than the above pathway variables in South Korea. This is based on the cause-specific structure of mortality among the South Korean population who have a relatively greater proportion of stomach cancer, hemorrhagic stroke, liver cancer and liver disease, and tuberculosis, which share early life exposures as important elements of their etiology, than western countries. However, the relative contribution of early and later life socioeconomic conditions in producing socioeconomic inequality in health may differ according to the outcome, thus remains to be investigated.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제55권3호
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• pp.297-306
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• 2022

Objectives: The incidence of cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality is increasing in developing countries. This study aimed to decompose the socioeconomic inequality of CVD in Iran. Methods: This cross-sectional population-based study was conducted on 20 519 adults who enrolled in the Ardabil Non-Communicable Disease cohort study. Principal component analysis and multivariable logistic regression were used, respectively, to estimate socioeconomic status and to describe the relationships between CVD prevalence and the explanatory variables. The relative concentration index, concentration curve, and Blinder-Oaxaca decomposition model were used to measure and decompose the socioeconomic inequality. Results: The overall age-adjusted prevalence of CVD was 8.4% in northwest Iran. Multivariable logistic regression showed that older adults, overweight or obese adults, and people with hypertension and diabetes were more likely to have CVD. Moreover, people with low economic status were 38% more likely to have CVD than people with high economic status. The prevalence of CVD was mainly concentrated among the poor (concentration index, -0.077: 95% confidence interval, -0.103 to -0.060), and 78.66% of the gap between the poorest and richest groups was attributed to differences in the distribution of the explanatory variables included in the model. Conclusions: The most important factors affecting inequality in CVD were old age, chronic illness (hypertension and diabetes), marital status, and socioeconomic status. This study documented stark inequality in the prevalence of CVD, wherein the poor were more affected than the rich. Therefore, it is necessary to implement policies to monitor, screen, and control CVD in poor people living in northwest Iran.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.43-49
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• 2009

Purpose: This study examined the dynamic peak plantar pressure under the foot areas in those with a functional leg length inequality. Methods: The dynamic peak plantar pressure under the foot areas in an experimental group with a functional leg length inequality (n=20) and a control group (n=20) was assessed a using the Mat-Scan system (Tekscan, USA). The peak plantar pressure under the hallux, 1st, 2nd, 3-4th and 5th metatarsal head (MTH), mid foot, and heel was measured while the subject was walking on the Mat-Scan system. Results: The experimental group had significantly higher peak plantar pressure under all foot areas when the dynamic peak plantar pressure in the short leg and long leg sides was compared. The control group had a significantly higher peak plantar pressure under the 1st, 2nd, 3-4th, and 5th MTH when the dynamic peak plantar pressure in the short leg and long leg sides were compared. The experimental group showed a significantly larger difference in the dynamic peak plantar pressure under the hallux, 1st, 2nd, 3-4th and 5th MTH, mid foot and heel than the control group. Conclusion: A functional leg length inequality leads to an increase in the weight distribution and dynamic peak plantar pressure in the side of the short leg.