• Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
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• 제36권4호
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• pp.183-189
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• 2011

To quantitatively evaluate how setup errors in conjunction with dose gradients contribute to the error in IMRT dose quality assurance (DQA) measurements. The control group consisted of 5 DQA plans of which all individual field dose differences were less than ${\pm}5%$. On the contrary, the examination group was composed of 16 DQA plans where any individual field dose difference was larger than ${\pm}10%$ even though their total dose differences were less than ${\pm}5%$. The difference in 3D dose gradients between the two groups was estimated in a cube of $6{\times}6{\times}6\;mm^3$ centered at the verification point. Under the assumption that setup errors existed during the DQA measurements of the examination group, a three dimensional offset point inside the cube was sought out, where the individual field dose difference was minimized. The average dose gradients of the control group along the x, y, and z axes were 0.21, 0.20, and 0.15 $cGy{\cdot}mm^{-1}$, respectively, while those of the examination group were 0.64, 0.48, and 0.28 $cGy{\cdot}mm^{-1}$, respectively. All 16 plans of the examination group had their own 3D offset points in the cube. The individual field dose differences recalculated at the offset points were mostly diminished and thus the average values of total and individual field dose differences were reduced from 3.1% to 2.2% and 15.4% to 2.2%, respectively. The offset distribution turned out to be random in the 3D coordinate. This study provided the quantitative data that support the large individual field dose difference mainly stems from possible geometric errors (e.g., random setup errors) under the influence of steep dose gradients of IMRT field.

• 한국HCI학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국HCI학회 2006년도 학술대회 1부
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• pp.918-925
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• 2006

Recent development of teachable agent provides learners with active roles as knowledge constructors and focuses on the individualization. The aim of this adaptive agent is not only to maximize the learner's cognitive functions but also to enhance the interests and motivation to learn. In order to establish the relationships among user characteristics and response patterns and to extract the algorithm among variables, we measured the individual characteristics and analyzed logs of the teachable agent named KORI (KORea university Intelligent agent) through the student modeling. A correlation analysis was conducted to identify the relationships among individual characteristics, user responses, and learning outcomes. Among hundreds of possible relationships between numerous variables in three dimensions, nine key user responses were extracted, which were highly correlated with either individual characteristics and learning outcomes. The results suggest that certain type of learner responses or the combination of the responses would be useful indices to predict the learners' individual characteristics and ongoing learning outcome. This study proposed a new type of dynamic assessment for individual differences and ongoing cognitive/motivational learning outcomes through the computation of responses without measuring them directly. The construction of individualized student model based on the ongoing response pattern of the user that are highly correlated with the individual differences and learning outcome may be the useful methodology to understand the learner's dynamic change during learning.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business
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• 제11권4호
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• pp.317-332
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• 2020

Purpose - This study examines the information effect and trading behavior of investors for the 430 stock split data from January 2004 to June 2018 in the Korean stock market. Design/methodology/approach - The stock split samples are classified into two groups by split ratio as well as three groups by price level prior to split. We also investigate the trading behavior of investors categorized by institutional versus individual investors. Findings - First, we find a significantly positive information effect on the announcement day. In particular, the information effect is more distinct in the group of larger split ratio and higher price level of stocks. Second, we find a huge increase in turnover following the stock splits, which mainly results from the trading by individual investors. Also, the increase in turnover by individual investors is evident in the group of larger split ratio and higher price level of stocks. Third, the stock splits have a negative impact on the long-term stock performance. The negative buy-and-hold abnormal return(BHAR) makes no difference in the groups by split ratio as well as price level of stocks. Lastly, we find individual investors tend to buy splitted stocks, which exhibit the long-term under-performance. Research implications or Originality - The results in this paper suggest that the liquidity hypothesis is not supported in the Korean stock splits. In addition, we observe that individual investors are exposed to losses due to their unfavorable trading behavior following the stock split.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• 제20권5호
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• pp.664-678
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• 2012

The purpose of this study is to define the relationships among the emotional labor, job satisfaction, and turnover intention of beauty industry workers. The data for this study were collected through a survey, and a total of 197 questionnaires were used in the statistical analysis. The survey items were classified into 4 domains: demographic characteristics, emotional labor, job satisfaction, and turnover intention. This study extracted factors that compose each measurement domain to define the impact of emotional labor on job satisfaction or turnover intention. According to the research results, 3 factors - positive norm, sincere behavior, and emotional incongruity - were extracted for emotional labor. Individual aptitude satisfaction and work environment satisfaction were extracted as the factors for job satisfaction, whereas a single factor was extracted for turnover intention. By analyzing the effect of factors related to the emotional labor of beauty in dustry workers on factors related to job satisfaction, results showed that positive norm positively influenced individual aptitude satisfaction, sincere behavior positively influenced individual aptitude satisfaction and work environment satisfaction, and emotional incongruity negatively influenced individual aptitude satisfaction. Among factors related to emotional labor, positive norm and sincere behavior negatively affected turnover intention, whereas emotional incongruity positively influenced turnover intention. With regard to the effect of job satisfaction on the turnover intention of beauty industry workers, results showed that individual aptitude satisfaction and job environment satisfaction negatively (-) affected turnover intention. The results of this study show that people presenting a high level of individual aptitude satisfaction displayed positive job satisfaction, whereas people showing serious emotional incongruity for work presented high turnover intention. This implies that in order to increase the work efficiency of beauty businesses, it is essential to examine and manage the emotional labor of workers as a measure for increasing job satisfaction and lowering turnover.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• 제14권5호
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• pp.298-308
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• 2014

The aims of this work are to find the management plans for enhancing the human resource management of hospital organization with more comprehensive approach which are the types of bundles for individual activity in the same medical institution. According to the group clustering with individual system of human resource management based on the above and below average group that is the comprehensive approach of individual human resource management, some differences were shown in the types of jobs for the individual systems of human resource management used for the judgement of affiliated group. However, the system for the supply of career development opportunity and the opening of management information among the human resource management individual system was significance variable for discriminant function to all types of jobs.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.17-23
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• 1983

To experimentally research out the effect of 'Hagocho-San' used for liver disease on the clinical treatment of oriental medicine, I induced liver damage rats by thioacetamide and dosed the extracts orally and measured the activity rate of GOT, GPT, ALP and LDH. The following results were obtained: 1) GOT activity was more decreased in the experimental group than in the control group. Extracts from mixed decoction was more efficacious than those mixed form of the extracts after individual decoction. Extracts from decoction showed continuous significance after 48 hours on, but mixed form of extracts after individual decoction was significant only after 48 hours and 96 hours. 2) GPT activity was more decreased in the experimental group than in the control group. Extracts from mixed decoction was effective after 48 hours on but mixed form of extracts after individual decoction was significant after 48 hours and 72 hours. 3) ALP activity was more decreased in the experimental group than in the control group. Extracts from mixed decoction was more efficacious than the mixed form of extracts after individual decoction and significance was verified after 72 hours on. 4) The significance of LDH activity in the extracts from mixed decoction was revealed after 72 hours and 96 hours but mixed form of extracts after individual decoction showed significance 72 hours later. 5) From the above results, it was showed that 'Hagocho-San' extract was effective on liver disease and extracts from mixed decoction was more effective than mixed form of extracts after individual decoction.

• CELLMED
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• 제10권4호
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• pp.31.1-31.6
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• 2020

Introduction: Dyslipidaemia is directly associated with cardiovascular diseases. Temperament, the unique constitutional make-up of an individual, is responsible for one's personality traits, physical appearances, and disease predispositions. The rising prevalence of dyslipidaemia becomes a challenge to control morbidity and mortality due to cardiovascular diseases. Objective: To study clinical patterns and risk factors of dyslipidaemia and its association with temperament at the individual level was the main objective of this study. Materials and Methods: It was a descriptive and analytical cross sectional study. The participants (n=88) were screened on the basis of raised serum lipid profile from the outpatient department of National Research Institute of Unani Medicine for Skin Disorders, Hyderabad. The data were collected on a case record form designed for this study and analyzed retrospectively. Results: In this study, there were 57% participants (n=50) of phlegmatic temperament in which mean total cholesterol, triglycerides, low density lipoprotein- cholesterol and high density lipoprotein-cholesterol were 230.92 (±49.48) mg/dl, 182.34 (±110.61) mg/dl, 153.24 (±50.21) mg/dl and 46.3 (±10.83) mg/dl respectively. Discussion: This study showed the prevalence of different clinical patterns of dyslipidaemia in the population and the phlegmatic participants were dyslipidaemic in a higher percentage. The prevalence of dyslipidaemia in phlegmatic participants may be linked to the constitutional make-up of the individual. The temperament of an individual may be considered as one of the risk factors for dyslipidaemia. Conclusion: It was concluded that the temperament of an individual may be used as a screening tool to predict the individual's tendency to develop dyslipidaemia.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• 제96권2호
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• pp.160-169
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• 2007

The data used to develop distance-independent individual models for natural mixed forests were collected from 712 remeasured permanent sample plots (25,526 trees) of 10-year periodic from 1990 to 2000 in Baihe Forest Bureau of Changbai Mountains, northeast China. Based on analyzing relationship between diameter increment of individual trees with tree size, competitive status, and site condition, the diameter growth models for individual trees of 15 species growing in mixed-species uneven-aged forest stands, that have simple form, good predicting precision, and easily applicable, were developed using stepwise regression method. The main variables influencing on diameter increment of individual trees were tree size and competition, however, the site conditions were not significantly related with diameter increment. The tree size variables (lnDBH and $DBH^2$) were the most significant and important predictors of diameter growth existing in all 15 growth models. The diameter increment was directly proportional to tree diameter for each species. For the competitive factors in growth model, the relative diameter (RD), canopy closure (P), and the ratio of diameter of subject tree with maximum diameter (DDM) were contributed to the diameter increment at a certain extent. Other measures of stand density, such as basal area of stand (G) and stand density index (SDI), were not significantly influenced on diameter increment. Site factors, such as site index, slope and aspect were not important to diameter increment and excluded in the final models. The total variance explained by the final models of squared diameter increment ($R^2$) for all 15 species ranged from 35% to 72% and these results compared quit closely with those of Wykoff (1990) for mixed conifer stands. Using independent data set, validation measures were evaluated for predicting models of diameter increment developed in this study. The result indicated that the estimated precision was all greater than 94% and the models were suitable to describe diameter increment.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.183-193
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• 2020

This study presents a more comprehensive approach to investigate how Emotional Intelligence (EI) is associated with performance. Previous research has revealed that EI is related to positive outcomes such as better performance, life satisfaction and career success. However, in most research of EI, this factor has been investigated independently from the effect of contextual factors and other individual characteristics. This study extended the research on the impact of EI on student performance by simultaneously examining the impact of EI, individual factors - (1) Perseverance of Effort, (2) Goal Consistency and (3) Goal Clarity and learning environment factors - Program Fit in one study. The results based on the data collected from 1,117 students in Vietnam largely support the hypothesis that that EI was an important but not the only factor affecting the student performance. MANOVA and post-hoc analysis indicated that both individual and environmental factors better predicted performance than EI could. These results suggest that the impact of EI on individual performance is more complicated than what we have already known. Future study is encouraged to investigate both the mechanism through which EI impact individual performance and the interaction between EI and other factors that moderate the EI - performance relationship.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• 제49권10호
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• pp.15-27
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• 2011

The predominant concern of the study consists in:(1)the positive direct effects of both individual's intimacy toward parents and individual's self-efficacy of care-giving roles on individual's care-giving commitment; (2)the positive mediating effect of individual's self-efficacy of care-giving on individual's care-giving commitment; (3)the moderating effect of the degree of unhealthy condition of individual's elderly parents on each causal relationship. For conducting this study, a survey method was used on 318 males with parents at the aged of 45-60, residing in Daegu and KyungPook. In order for subjects to verify research questions, structural equation models were explored. The findings of the study supported the direct, indirect effect and moderating effects, which suggested in research questions. Participants with unhealthy parents showed greater tendency in terms of influencing their intimacy toward parents on care giving commitment than participants with healthy parents did. The above findings claimed our attention in that provided a range of practical implication.