• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.28 no.5
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• pp.902-911
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• 2010

Oriental melon ($Cucumis$ $melo$ var. $makuwa$) is a popular and high-value market fruit cultivated in Korea. Consumers are becoming increasingly interested in oriental melon as a healthy diet over the past few years. However, the melons have relatively high quality loss because the fruit are mainly produced for a limited period of time in the summer season. Lack of the proper postharvest treatments and high temperature exposure at harvest or during distribution are the most critical environmental factors limiting postharvest life of fruit. This review focuses on the overview of current research studies for postharvest treatment and functional packaging technology of oriental melon in Korea. Major physiological problems of the harvest fruit include the ripening process in quality changes of the produce such as loss of weight, firmness, flavor, and decay during the storage periods. Low temperature at 7 to $10^{\circ}C$ with high relative humidity of 90 to 95% is the suitable environmental condition used to maintain the quality of fresh oriental melon. Controlled atmosphere (CA) storage or modified atmosphere (MA) packaging can be used as supplemental treatments to extend postharvest-life. For oriental melon, an optimum CA is currently recommended to be 2-3% oxygen and 5-10% carbon dioxide atmosphere. Precooling, pretreatments of ethylene action and functional packaging system can be applied to oriental melon after harvest in order to extend storage life. Major active packaging technologies are concerned with a selectively gas permeable film related to respiration of produce and the packaging applications of ethylene removal, antimicrobial, and antifogging substances to keep the effective freshness of fruit.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.256-260
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• 2012

This study was carried out to improve the fruit color through ABA treatment and to determine the optimum harvest time for producing high quality fruits in 'Hongisul' grapes. Spraying of $1000 mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ exogenous ABA at early verasion (70 days after full bloom, DAFB) brought increase of endogenous ABA and soluble solid contents and enhanced fruit coloration. So, it was possible to harvest ABA treated fruits from 85 days after full bloom (15 days after treatment) by accelerated anthocyanin content which increased continuously until 110 DAFB. An increase of soluble solid and decrease of total acidity appeared steadily with the onset of berry ripening. After 100 DAFB, soluble solid content and total acidity did not change significantly, but the berry firmness was suddenly decreased. Consequently, it was suggested that ABA treated fruits need to be harvested at about 100 DAFB because of their short period of marketing by over ripening. On the contrary, harvesting of untreated fruit was totally impossible at 85 DAFB because of their poor berry coloration. But it was possible to harvest them at 100 DAFB based on the soluble solid/acidity ratio, whereas the berry coloration was progressed poorly. On the other hand, the fruits harvested at 110 DAFB showed acceptable berry coloration but their berry firmness was dropped significantly coincide with overripening. Therefore, it was needed to develop an altered production system for improving coloration at around 100 DAFB in 'Hongisul' grapes.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.106 no.1
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• pp.1-9
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• 2017

Forest harvest as large scale artificial disturbance makes edge environment in both clear-cutted and forested habitat. To clarify the development and recovery process of forest edge after disturbances is essential to understand vegetation responses and landscape level consequences such as edge-distance. In Korea, after clear-cutting, edge-related changes of environment and vegetation was not clarified yet. In Korean red pine (Pinus densiflora) forest, by applying space-for-time approach (sites with undisturbed and 1, 3, 10, 16 yr after cutting), the edge-related change of plant abundance and abiotic factors were determined for 20 line-transect (60 m) and 340 ($1m{\times}5m$) quadrats, and clarified depth and duration of the disturbance. Immediately after edge formation, within 15m form the edge, biotic and abiotic factors such as cover, richness, canopy openness, temperature and moisture content exhibited larger changes compared to forest interior. Plant abundance and abiotic variables were stabilized at the level of forest inside within 16 yr and 10 yr after edge creation, respectively. Woody (tree and shrub) species generally was showed larger increment with proximity to edge than did herb or graminoid species. In addition, negative interactions between woody and herbaceous species were detected during the period of forest edge closure. Our results suggested that depth of forest edge formed by clear-cutting of Korean red pine forest was at least from 15 m to 20 m and edge effect were likely sustained more than 16 years. As the first empirical study on edge-distance between two contrast habitats of clear-cutted and adjacent forest in South Korea, the analytical reality on landscape structure and habitat patches can be improved.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.53 no.1
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• pp.34-41
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• 2008

This study was conducted to investigate antioxidant component content during maturity for judgement of optimum harvest time in black soybean. For high-functional black soybean production, accumulation pattern of isoflavone and saponin contents and anti oxidative activity according to maturity stage were investigated. Varieties used in this experiment were Ilpumgemojeongkong and heukcheongkong, which are the recommended black soybean in Korea. Isoflavone and saponin contents during maturity period in black soybean was the highest at $6{\sim}7$ days earlier than general harvesting time. It was indicated that optimum harvesting time for high quality soybean were $3{\sim}7$ days earlier than harvesting time for higher yield. As a result of investigation about accumulation pattern of antioxidant components by maturity stages in seed, total isoflavone content was the highest at 61 DAF in Ilpumgeomjeongkong and at 77 DAF in Heukcheongkong. Contents of total saponin were the highest at 61 DAF and at 71 DAF, respectively. In case of leaf, total isoflavone content was the highest at 55 DAF in Ilpumgeomjeongkong and Heukcheongkong. Contents of total saponin were the highest at 18 DAF and at $55{\sim}71$ DAF, respectively. It showed that black soybean's leaf could be developed as a new health food material, owing to high contents of antioxidant components and biological activity and it's suitable harvest time was at $R_7$.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Rural Architecture
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.17-24
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• 2022

This study aims to identify the Spatial Changes and the main agent of space creation in Samrye Area during the Japanese Occupation Period. As for the urban space in the Samrye area, the urban space was expanded to the Hujeong-ri area from the construction of the Jeonbuk light railway. Before 1914, the urban space of Samrye was formed around Samrye Station in Samrye-ri, which oversees Samrye-do from the Goryeo Dynasty to the Joseon Dynasty, but when Samrye Station of Jeonbuk light railway was established in Hujeong-ri in 1914, the foundation of a ladder-type street network visible from the central space of the current Samrye area was formed until the 1930s. And it was the Japanese and Korean landowners who took the lead in the construction of the Jeonbuk light railway, not the government, who expanded the urban space of Samnye from Samrye-ri to Hujeong-ri. The background of the establishment of Jeonbuk light railway is the reason why Dongsan Farm has difficulty in transporting rice to the Honam Line during the rice harvest. At that time, Park Ki-soon, famous as the land king, took charge of the established chairman of the railroad installation and established it, and with the establishment of Samrye Station, the access road was connected to his farm. In addition, a new road was built on the farm land that owned the Hujeong-ri area to the Seoul-Mokpo Interroad in Samrye-ri, thereby expanding the urban space. In other words, unlike Gunsan and Iksan, which were built under the leadership of the Japanese colonial eran government, the urban space in Samrye area was expanded by a farmer who grew up as a large landowner based on agriculture, which was the economic base at the time.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.47 no.1
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• pp.68-73
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• 2002

High temperature during sprout emergence period of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) is a major limitation to the yield of fall-grown potato in Korea. To explore the possibility of improving the yield of fall-grown potato through recycled paper mulching, the changes of soil environment and the growth and yield of potato cv. Daeji as affected by three mulching treatments of non-mulched control, recycled paper mulching (RPM), and black polyethylene film-mulching (BPFM) were examined over two fall seasons at Suwon, Korea. The mulching materials were a recycled mulch paper with 110 g/$m^2$ and a thickness of 0.1 mm, which was manufactured from old corrugated containers for this experiment and a commercial black polyethylene film with a thickness of 0.01mm. On an average throughout the growing period, the soil temperature with RPM at the 5-cm depth was lower by 0.4-1.1$^{\circ}C$ than that of the control. The maximum temperature during daytime in RPM was lowered by approximately 1 to 5$^{\circ}C$ according to the weather condition during emergence period, the difference being great on a fine day. The soil temperature with BPFM was much higher than the control. The effect of the mulching treatments diminished as the canopy became developed. The mulching treatments were more advantageous than the control in the conservation of soil water. Moreover, RPM and BPFM efficiently suppressed the occurrence of weeds until the potato harvest. RPM improved the emergence significantly due to lower soil temperature, whereas BPFM showed much poorer emergence than the control. Growth after emergence and yield were significantly higher in RPM than in the control and BPFM. It was concluded that the significantly improved yield in RPM compared to that in the control was mainly due to the improvement of the sprout emergence and tuber growth accompanied by lower soil temperature and better conservation of soil water.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.51 no.1
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• pp.32-40
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• 2006

The nitrogen (N) absorption and partition of the rice plants are important indicators that can be used to improve the N use efficiency (NUE) of the plants. Improving the plant NUE can help to avoid nutrient waste that may cause environmental pollution. To investigate the N absorption and partition of the rice plants, Hwaseongbyeo (Japonica) and Dasanbyeo (indica/japonica) were applied with N fertilizers at the rates of 60, 120, and 180 kg N per ha in paddy field. Also micro plots of $0.81m^2$ were established inside each plot for application of $^{15}N-labeled$ fertilizer. The differences in N utilization of the rice plants were associated with the total N absorption and partitioning after the heading stage. In the grain filling period, the increase of nitrogen content in the total and leaf blades of Dasanbyeo was higher than that of Hwaseongbyeo. Soil N was the main contributor for the increase of total N of Dasanbyeo during the grain filling period. The N fertilizer uptake rate of Hwaseongbyeo rapidly increased with the increment of N fertilization rate. In Dasanbyeo, N fertilizer uptakes were similar under all rates and times of N application. From heading stage to harvest, Dasanbyeo continued accumulating nitrogen, whereas Hwaseongbyeo had small changes. In conclusion, the difference in nitrogen absorption and partition after heading of the two cultivars was caused by the ability of Dasanbyeo to accumulate and remobilize soil nitrogen to the grains during the grain filling period.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.1-8
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• 1996

The objective of this study is to obtain the basic data for investigating the effects of organic reserves on winter survial or regrowth yield. Forage rape (Brussicu napus L.) was sown at 10 day> interval from Sep. I to Nov. 1. Field-grown palnts were sampled on the before wintering (Dec. 4) and on the wintering period (Jan. 16) to analyze the nitrogen and non-structural cahohydrate reserves. The rate of winter survival and regrowth yield were also measured in the spring of next year. On the before wintering, the dry matter yields from the plots sown on Sep. 1, Sep.11 and Sep. 21 were 860, 596 and 260 kg/lOa, respectively. No. harvest was canied out on the plots sown after Oct. 1 because the growth state was not enough to cut. Both of nitrogen and starch contents per plant significantly increased as the seeding date was later. On the wintering period, the contents of nitrogen reserves in roots were 176.8. 120.1, 71.7, 84.0, 72.1, 45.3 and 33.3 mg/plant, those of starch reserves were 199.0. 55.8, 21.8, 92.6, 86.5, 36.4 and 29.0 mglplant, resepctively, in the plots sown on Sep. 1, Sep. 11, Sep. 21, Oct. I, Oct. 11, Oct. 21 and Nov. 1. The rates of winter survival were 40, 36, 33, 85, 87, 59 and 49% and regrowth yields were 161, 86, 65, 520, 451, 121 and 33 kgD.M/lOa, respectively, in each plots. 'Ihese results clearly showed that seeding date has a close influence on the level of organic reserves and forage yield, and that the possibility of continuous utilization on the before and alter wintering is extremely limited by seeding date.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.205-213
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• 2018

Background: Since the revised Ginseng Industrial Act was passed, ginseng sprouts have become a new medicinal vegetable for which there is high consumer demand. However, the existing amount of research and data on ginseng production has not kept pace with this changed reality. Methods and Results: In this study we analyzed the changes in the amounts of ginsenosides in different parts of growing ginseng sprouts during the period from when organic seedlings were planted in nursery soil until 8 weeks of cultivation had elapsed, which was when the leaves hardened. In the leaves, ginsenoside content increased 1.62 times with the panaxadiol (PD) system and 1.31 - 1.56 times with the panaxatriol (PT) system from 7 to 56 days after transplantation. During the same period, the total ginsenoside content of the stems decreased by 0.66 - 0.91 times, and those of the roots increased until the $21^{st}$ day, and then underwent steep declines. The effect of fermented press cake extract (FPCE) and tap water (TP) on the total amount of ginsenoside per plant were similar, and could be represented with the equations $y=1.4330+0.2262x-0.0008x^2$ and $y=0.9555+0.2997x-0.0031x^2$ in which y = ginsenoside content x = amount of and on the total amounts of FPCE or TP, respectively after 26.4 days, however, the difference between ginsenoside content with FPCE and TP widened. Conclusions: These results suggested that the amounts of ginsenosides in different parts of ginseng varied with the cultivation period and nutrient supply. These findings also provide fundamental data on the distribution of ginsenosides among plant parts for 2-year-old ginseng plants in the early-growth stage.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Crop Science Conference
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• 2022.10a
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• pp.145-145
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• 2022

South Korea greenhouse gas emissions have increased year by year, resulting in a total emission of 727.6 million tons of CO₂ eq in 2018, a 2.5% increase compared to 2017. Among them, the agricultural sector emitted 21.2 million tons of CO₂ eq., accounting for 2.9% of the total. Among the greenhouse gases emitted from the agricultural sector, a particularly problematic is methane gas emitted from rice paddies. Methane is one of the important greenhouse gases with a global warming potential (GWP) that is about 21 times higher than that of carbon dioxide due to its high infrared absorption capacity despite its relatively short remaining atmospheric period. Since the pattern of methane generation varies depending on the rice variety and ecological type, research related to this is necessary for accurate emission calculation and development of reduction technology. Accordingly, a study was conducted to find out the changes in greenhouse gas emission according to rice varieties and ecology types. As for the rice eco-type cultivar, early maturing cultivar (Haedamssal) and medium-late rice cultivar (Saeilmi) were used. Haedamssal was transplanted on May 25 and June 25, and Saeilmi was transplanted on June 10 and June 25. The amount of methane generated according to the growing day showed a tendency to increase as the planting period was earlier. The difference between varieties was that Haedamssal showed higher methane production than Saeilmi. The total CH₄ flux in the saeilmi was 18.7 kg·h^-1(Jun 10 transplanting), 12.4 kg·h^-1(Jun 25 transplanting) during rice cultivation. Lower methane emission was observed in Saeilmi than in Haedam rice. In addition, the earlier the planting period, the higher the methane emission. This study is the result of the first year of research, and it is planned to investigate the amount of greenhouse gas emission between double cropping and single cropping using wheat cultivation after harvest for each ecological type.