• Textile Coloration and Finishing
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.341-348
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• 2010

Sodium sulfate is commonly added in reactive dyebath in order to increase substantivity of the reactive dye to cellulose fiber by reducing repulsion between anionic dye and fiber. While sodium sulfate is mostly used in solid form, it is inconvenient to dissolve a large amount of powder sodium sulfate. Furthermore, if there is undissolved salt in dyebath it might cause unlevel dyeing. In this study, sodium sulfate in liquid or solid form was used in dyeing of cellulose fabric with reactive dyes of three primary color and the effect of type or amount of sodium sulfate on dyeing and fastness properties was investigated. When the amount of sodium sulfate rose to 30-50 g/l, K/S value of the dyed fabric markedly increased; further rise in sodium sulfate concentration resulted in slow increase in K/S value. For light color, optimum amount was about 30 g/l in solid form and 50-100 g/l in liquid form while, for medium to deep color, it was 50 g/l and 100-150 g/l in solid and liquid form, respectively. When using each optimum amount of salt in solid or liquid form for medium color, shape of dyeing curve as well as exhaustion was similar to each other. On the whole, similar color fastness results were obtained regardless of type or amount of sodium sulfate.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Visualization
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.78-85
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• 2022

In these days, the rapid development in prediction technology using artificial intelligent is being applied in a variety of engineering fields. Especially, dimensionality reduction technologies such as autoencoder and convolutional neural network have enabled the classification and regression of high-dimensional data. In particular, pixel level prediction technology enables semantic segmentation (fine-grained classification), or physical value prediction for each pixel such as depth or surface normal estimation. In this study, the pressure distribution of the ship's surface was estimated at the pixel level based on the artificial neural network. First, a potential flow analysis was performed on the hull form data generated by transforming the baseline hull form data to construct 429 datasets for learning. Thereafter, a neural network with a U-shape structure was configured to learn the pressure value at the node position of the pretreated hull form. As a result, for the hull form included in training set, it was confirmed that the neural network can make a good prediction for pressure distribution. But in case of container ship, which is not included and have different characteristics, the network couldn't give a reasonable result.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Building Construction Conference
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• 2020.11a
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• pp.129-130
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• 2020

This paper attempted to examine the characteristics of heat of hydration and calorific value of concrete according to the formwork material in Hot weather environment. As a result of the experiment, it was found that there were no problems such as temperature cracking and delay in hydration reaction when a synthetic resin form was used.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.233-254
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• 2023

Purpose - This study aims to verify whether the effect of tax avoidance on corporate value is non-linear in the Korean financial markets. Design/methodology/approach - This study believes that the cause of the inconsistent empirical analysis results of previous studies that verified the relationship between tax avoidance and firm value may be an error in assuming linearity, and verifies whether a nonlinear relationship exists. The sample company in this study is a December settlement corporation listed on the Korean stock market, and the analysis period is from 2000 to 2021. In the empirical analysis model, Tobin's Q is used as a proxy for corporate value, tax avoidance is used as the main independent variable, and a regression model is designed with corporate size, growth rate, and debt ratio set as control variables. Findings - As a result of the empirical analysis, it can be confirmed that there is an inverted U-shaped nonlinear relationship between tax avoidance and corporate value. In the additional analysis using Ohlson (1995) firm valuation model for the robustness of the results of the empirical analysis, the same nonlinear value relationship between tax avoidance can be confirmed. Research implications or Originality - This study is considered to be meaningful in that it verifies the non-linear relationship of tax avoidance, which has not been attempted in previous studies. The meaning of the inverted U-shaped nonlinear relationship presented in this study is that corporate tax avoidance acts as a factor that increases corporate value up to a certain level, but rather becomes a factor that decreases corporate value when it exceeds a critical point. These results are expected to provide new perspectives and perspectives on tax avoidance to companies belonging to the Korean capital market.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Building Construction Conference
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• 2013.05a
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• pp.12-13
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• 2013

Free-form building is increasing because of request that an order to raise the value and request of the local residents and the government trying to own iconic and beautiful buildings. In addition, the installation and production of free-form concrete segment are now available because of development of construction technology, such as the development of materials and equipment. However, the production of free-form concrete segment requires a lot of time and manpower than shaping. In particular, resources of the mold for the production of free-from segment will be invested excessively because mold can not be recycled. Thus, the problems of increased costs, construction periods and loss of productivity occur. To solve these problems, this study proposes a technique of making the mold of for variable within a short time. Technique proposed in this study can be recycled die and will realize fast and accurate free-form concrete segment.

• The Transactions of the Korea Information Processing Society
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• v.6 no.9
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• pp.2504-2511
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• 1999

This paper proposes the scattered data interpolation as an efficient method that is designed for free-form surface. Data interpolation is an essential method of designing for various objects. For the generating free-form surface of complexity construction, the existing method had problems to represent flat area and sharp corner edge, in presenting objects with computing the weight of control points. For solving this problem, we proposes the generating method of new approximation surfaces, using scattered data interpolation. This method obtains B-Spline basis function which calculates main curvature, having optimized value in variable area, on given control points and changed objects, and then computes the changing rate the approximating data, using it's value. We also present this method that generates smoother free-form surface, using the scattered data interpolation with minimum weight.

• Textile Coloration and Finishing
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• v.9 no.6
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• pp.18-25
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• 1997

The change of crystalline structure and mechanical properties of i-PP films which had before isothermally annealed at various temperature and times have been studied. The following results were abtain The crystallinity and crystallite size of the samples showed increasing above the annealing temperature of 13$0^{\circ}C$ and these are equilibrated after an annealing time of 30min. When the crystalline form was at annealling condition were below 13$0^{\circ}C$, 2min, subsequently achieving an $\alpha$, $\beta$ mixing form and at 13$0^{\circ}C$, 10min, the crystalline form entered an $\alpha$ form transition. It is achieved a typical $\alpha$ form at 15$0^{\circ}C$. The value of T'm was increasing until 13$0^{\circ}C$ but it was not founded at 15$0^{\circ}C$. The slopes which represented crystalline form in an Avrami plot differed from each other within the range of this experiment.

• International Journal of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.20-26
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• 2021

Considering the role of a financial analyst that directly affects investors as an information mediator, management's decision to disclose to maximize corporate value will have an important impact on investors as well. On the other hand, whether or not managers vary the level of disclosure depending on the corporate form will have great implications for policy authorities. However, there is no domestic research on the relationship between the corporate form and the quality of voluntary disclosure. Our study shows that the corporate form tends to deepen the negative relationship between the proprietary information cost and the quality of disclosure. Examining whether the relationship between proprietary information cost and management disclosure decision making is valid for domestic companies is expected to provide meaningful implications for investors and regulators. Depending on the corporate form, if an entity makes a discriminatory disclosure, the cost of capital will be affected. A more in-depth follow-up study on this should be done.

• Proceedings of the Korea Technology Innovation Society Conference
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• 2010.11a
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• pp.203-212
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• 2010

Examining the relation between market structure and the value of innovation is important for competition and STI policy. If the value is large in a specific industry structure, government may lead the industry to take that form to enhance innovation. Our simple calibration in the case of linear demand and constant MC results in the conclusion that the incentive for R&D in the case of major and minor innovation in Cournot competition is less than that of merger and cooperative R&D. This emphasizes again "necessary evil" as a monopoly for innovation.

• Journal of the Korea Concrete Institute
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• v.16 no.3 s.81
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• pp.327-334
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• 2004

In this paper, method for the determination of removal time of the side forms in high strength concrete are discussed using the estimation model of compressive strength development, the development of bond strength and rebound number of P type Schmidt hammer in order to review the validity of existing regulation as to side form removal and offer effective quality control method. According to the results, as W/B increases by $10\%$, the setting time is shortened by about 2 hours. In the scope of the paper, required time to gain 8MPa of compressive strength is determined about 17 ${\~}$20 hours of age and $21{\~}25^{\circ}D{\cdot}D$ of maturity. Bond strength between form and concrete shows the highest value around final setting time, but decreases drastically after that. Amount of concrete sticking on the form is large before setting completed, but after that, its amount shows decline tendency. The rebound value test with P type schmidt hammer can be started faster by 2${\~}$3 hours than compressive strength test. It is also confirmed that the removal of forms is possible when the rebound value of P type schmidt hammer is more than 32. It is found from the results that existing regulation regarding removal time of the side form of high strength concrete provided in KCI needs no revision because required time to gain the strength provided in KCI has no adverse effect on strength development at early age and surface condition during stripping the side form. Effective procedure to decide the removal time of side form can be performed by applying P type Schmidt hammer.