• Architectural research
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.29-40
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• 2022

The transition from manufacturing to service-based economies in highly developed societies during the post-industrial period resulted in the decline of the industrial landscape, leaving it abandoned or underutilized. In pursuit of revitalizing the obsolete industrial space, innovative design techniques based on adaptive reuse are applied to retrofit modern functions to create a new cultural space and preserve the historical, symbolic, and cultural importance of the abandoned industrial facilities. Design considerations based on facade redesign have proven to be one of the most adopted techniques that can help in recreating a new function for the vacant industrial buildings and integrating them into the present-day urban fabric. This paper examines the facade renovation elements used for the adaptive reuse of 15 abandoned industrial buildings presently used as multi-purpose facilities in South Korea. Through a questionnaire survey, this study analyzes the respondents' preference for different facade renovation elements in the 15 sites according to age and gender. The study found that both genders showed similar preference patterns between most elements. But on some elements, females were keener and expressed a stronger opinion than males. There were much more females than males who perceived color and material as the most important exterior elements. The findings of this study can be used for the adaptive reuse of industrial buildings according to user preferences for different facade renovation elements.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.151-155
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• 2012

Korean freshwater turtles are divided into native turtles, Chinemys reevesii in Geoemydidae, Pelodiscus sinensis in Trionychidae, and imported turtles, Trachemys scripta elegans, T. s. scripta, Pseudemys rubriventris and Ocadia sinensis. In this study, we determined the distribution of Korean freshwater turtles based on a field study and literature study, and considered the taxonomic position of unidentified native turtles. The study was carried out between May 2010 and November 2011 during the day time, and the capturing tool used to collect turtles consisted of net and metal frame. C. reevesii and P. sinensis were found in 16 and 11 places, respectively. C. reevesii, which inhabits the Korean peninsula, is a taxonomically controversial species, but it is presumed that the turtle belongs to Mauremys. Moreover recent taxonomic studies of the soft-shell turtle have shown that the Korean native species is P. maackii, and P. sinensis was imported from abroad and has been in the natural habitats of Korea since 1970s. The exterior shape and skeletal form of P. maackii and P. sinensis are nearly similar. However, the skin color and yellow spots on the shell could be used to distinguish the two species.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Automotive Engineers
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• v.18 no.5
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• pp.9-19
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• 2010

Every car manufacturer desires to reduce the new car development time spent in improving the safety, NVH, lightweight, reliability and environment friendly features of the car. Other considerations such as planning, exterior and interior styling, packaging, color, and material selection increase the complexity of the car design process. This paper proposes a personal DDP (Digital Design Process) to utilize the engineering analysis and design/styling software for car design. DDP can be efficiently used by a team of car research center or a studio with small number of engineers, helping ordinary engineers becoming ambidextrous in design as well as engineering applications. The concept model starts from idea sketch, rendering, and 3D surface model with CAS (Computer Aided Styling) to the final safety estimation by using proposed DDP based on engineering technology (CAD, CAE). The concept model proposed a hydrogen fuel cell sports coupe which could be available within next 10 years. The proposed DDP can not only reduce the new car development time but also be adapted into designing of varied products such as aircraft, yacht, electrical equipment and sports gear.

• Proceeding of Spring/Autumn Annual Conference of KHA
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• 2004.11a
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• pp.135-140
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• 2004

The purpose of this research is to investigate the characteristics of Jeju recreational pension. This research is carried out by on site inspection and the survey on management of the recreation facilities. A target of research is sixteen facilities of recreation pension in Jeju-do. Recreational pension was created by Jeju Free International City of special law in 2000. Jeju Recreational pension has characteristics as follows : The land area of that is $1300m^{2}{\sim}6300m^{2}$, the number of guest rooms are 10, and the area of guest rooms are $29m^{2}{\sim}100m^{2}$. Especially most of them are in Namjeju-gun. Also, they mostly have R.C. structure, and materials of exterior are artificiality stone. The color of an outer walls are mostly white and light-beige and that of the roofs are mainly dark-brown. On plot plan, it has 4type of prototype; type of outbuilding, arranging in a row, corridor, hall and composition of three types with public area. The outside facilities are equipped by handy golf courses and outdoor barbecue cooking sites. Unfortunately, most of pensions don't reflect the characteristics of architecture factors in Jeju.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.37
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• pp.253-273
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• 1998

The culture reflects the ideology of a particular period in time and such values change according to the needs and requests of that time which eventually becomes an important factorin forming the exterior. The clothing is part of a way that composes and expresses the inherent substance of society and culture. Also, the clothing itself manifests the artistic values and behavior of mankind as an external structure maintaining its place as a big part in culture. The purpose of this study are to elucidat the concept of naturalism, which is discussed in many facets in the modern era; I studied the concept as well as the history of naturalism in order to manifest the meaning of clothing in the context of culture and I explained the concept in terms of the modern era. On such ground, I explained the naturalism expressed through clothing and characterized the exter-nal form of clothing. Also, in order to know the stream of naturalism in the modern context, I referred to the Vogue magazine of the 90s, using Delong's ABC method. Naturalism, in the context of modern fashion is a way to express the nostalgia of nature's vi-ability and purity of ecology apart from the artificial and structural appearance that resulted form scientific enhancement and hence, the ecological crisis. Naturalism pursues the soft- ness and comfort of the natural silhouette, color and material of the human body and it can be said that naturalism emphasizes the mix-ture of three substances : human, nature and clothing. The naturalism can be characterized by the factors expressed in clothing as follows. First, the naturalism shown in the form it-self draws the beauty of the bodyline without any reduction nor exaggeration. Without any distorttion of the human bodyline it shown the curve as one moves along, using the soft material. Second, the naturalism shown in color most-ly uses the natural tone with added white color and other color low in intensity and value like the receded colors of the earth that could be compared to the beauty of ecru. Third, the naturalism shown in the material is thin, light and soft in texture. In order to bring out the most natural curve of the human body, the natural fiber becomes the main material, sometimes, using crude materials. Due to the lindustrial improvement, softness and elasticity is added to the natural fibers giving them an important role as materials. Fourth, the naturalism shown in textile depicts the real natural objects in life. According to my study, the personality of naturalism in modern clothing was shown to be most strong in material and then in the order of form, texture and textile. The material com-posed of the natural silhouette and natural fibers were used to make soft color. In form, Paul Poiret made appearance expressing the natural beauty of the human body without the corset ; it continued with the inner lining making the clothing hard but in the 90s, lining-less, extremely exposed clothes and knit wear is used to emphasize the natural beauty of the body. In color and textile, the tendency spok-en above is not as strong but in color, instead of high intensity or value, the usage of neutral colors with added white color or ecru color, ear-th tone is increasing. In textile, the usage of flowers as natural material is seen frequently. As a whole, naturalistic trend in the 90s is increasing and the modern fashion is breaking out from the artificial and architectural form and conforming to a form that can realize the natural beauty of the human body. And the natural color and textile that conforms to such ideas are being used to pursue the human oriented trend that has appeared due to the increase in usage of soft natural fiber. Nowadays, the idea of returning to nature, defying the artificiality, desiring the leisure and psychological abundance that can be explained as naturalistic way of thinking is necessitated in this modern era as long as humans coexist with nature, this tendency will continue in clothing.

• Journal of the Korean Crystal Growth and Crystal Technology
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.153-159
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• 2015

Inorganic pigments have been received a great attention for various applications including paint, glazed ceramic ink, art tile, and building exterior due to their excellent thermal and chemical stability. Traditionally, the compositions of $PbCrO_4$, CdS and CdSe have been widely used as a yellow inorganic pigment. However, the use of these compositions has been restricted in recent years, because they contain harmful elements such as Cd, Cr, Pb and Se. In this study, new environment-friendly ceria-based pigment was synthesized using solid state reaction. Crystal structure and morphology of the obtained $Ce_{1-x}Zr_xBi_yO_{2-y/2}$ yellow pigment were analyzed using XRD and SEM, respectively. Substitutional effect of Zr and Bi on the pigment color was analyzed using UV-vis. spectrophotometer and CIE $L^*a^*b^*$ analysis. The crystal structure of the obtained pigments was dependent on the calcination temperature. The color characteristics and absorption band of the pigments were dependent on the calcination temperature and Zr, Bi contents. As a result, all the obtained yellow pigments showed the effective absorption ranged from ultraviolet to visible light, and $Ce_{0.44}Zr_{0.36}Bi_{0.20}O_{0.19}$ (x = 0.36, y = 0.20) pigment showed the most brilliant yellow color.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.14 no.4 s.51
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• pp.19-26
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• 2005

Digital technology continually makes a space evolves. The real-time behavior design communicates the data with the situation of circumference of the space(visitors moving, interior and exterior situations). The space form was changed because it interfaces in real time. The purpose of this study was finding out the characteristics of real-time behavior space design through the analysis of space formative languages, sensorium, S-R and material. This study will be the one of basic references for the digital space design. The boundary of this study set limits to the works of digital space designer who applies the real-time exchanging data to their design among the digital space design works from 1996 to 2004. But it excepted from the real-time behavior space in virtual realty. Therefore, the objects of this study were the works of onl and NOX(paraSITE, Trans-port 2001, Muscle, MotormeCCa, Handdrawspace, Saltwater Pavilion, Son-O-House, H2O Expo). The method was the contents analysis of space formative languages(Greg Lynn's ten space formative languages; bleb, blob, branch, flower, fold, lattice, teeth, shred, skins and strand), sensorium, S-R and material. The results of the study are as follows: 1) The organizational elements; Space formative languages(bleb, blob, fold, shred, skins, strand), stimulation(Human Participation, Human Moving, Weather Conditions), and response(Spatial Moving, Sound Pattern, Lighting Pattern, color Pattern, Activating Particles, Moving Picture, Virtual Friend) 2) The material Use; Sound, lights, and network have been used in the space. Immaterial matter will be used the main material of space design in 21"'century, 3)The spatial types; formal changing of space, projecting immaterial elements, and changing the sound.

• Korean journal of food and cookery science
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.223-231
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• 2013

This study was carried out for the purpose of inquiring into the effects on shelf-life, quality characteristics, and antioxidant activities, of Majakgwa. This study also regards to the use fermented turmeric powder at varying concentrations in the recipe. The proximate composition of fermented turmeric powder, crude fat, carbohydrate, crude protein, and crude ash was decreased. Viewed division compared to the freeze-dried turmeric curcumin content was increased during fermentation due to the increase of mineral content. With an increased of the amount of fermented turmeric powder used in Majakgwa recipes, the pH of the dough was higher than that of the controlled group. The acid value of Maejakgwa was lowered down, and most effectively controled when adding Turmeric power by 3~6%, and the peroxide value shows high antioxidant ability from the initial storagr period when adding 6%. TBA value appears to have the highest antioxidant ability, when adding 6%, showing lower increasing rate than that of sample group added 0~3% Turmeric powder. When added 9% or more, however, it shows higher TBA value comparing with normal Maejakgwa, the reference group, which indicates on the contrary that the antioxidant ability is lowering. The bitter taste, exterior color, incense of Turmeric, solidity, and crispy level of Maejakgwa with fermented Turmeric powder have been increased significantly as per increase of fermented Turmeric powder, and the sample group added with 9% have shown the best result in the overall taste level. It is anticipated that adding 6~9% of fermented Turmeric powder can increase the storage capability to give the best taste level and effective antioxidant ability by minimizing the off-flavor and bitter taste, through the research as above, which would be the most appropriate blending ratio of Turmeric powder for producing Maejakgwa.

• The Journal of Art Theory & Practice
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• no.3
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• pp.135-154
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• 2005

In the late decade of 1930, under the Japanese Imperialism, the Korean abstract art which was formed with affection by Japan and Europe. They say the early Korean abstract art is colonized, from a point that it derives from exterior impact. And they say also it is colonized not to be related to the representation of their own life world. On the other hand, the early Korean abstract art in 1930s is told as the prehistory of 'Korean Modernism in Art', which flourished in 1970s followed 'Informal Art Movement' in the late 1950s. Because the status of abstract art in 1930s was not more than a germ of 'Korean Modernism in Art', while they understand until 1950s as a period dominated by representational art based on Chosun Exhibition or Korean National Exhibition, the period until 1970s as a period ruled by abstract art which was accepted as 'Korean Modernism in Art', and the period after 1980s as a period by Min-jung Art and Post-Modernism Art. However, the historical value of Korean Abstract Art in 1930s cannot be passed over, if not trying to understand the development of 'Korean Modernism in Art' especially focusing on not their own history but the impact of Western and Japanese art. In the late colonial period, the Korean early abstract art was the strongest utterance of the time paradoxically, even if not related much to optical representation of the Korean subjectivity. Therefore the existing viewpoints about the early Korean abstract art should be changed.

• Journal of agriculture & life science
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• v.43 no.4
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• pp.33-36
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• 2009

Globose to clavate base-ball sized, pear shaped, fruiting bodies were found under the Himalayan cedar, Cedrus deodora at less fertile and poor sandy poor soil in the campus of Gyeongsang National University in Jinju, Korea. The fruiting body was at first, round to club-shaped, usually with a narrow, rooting base with yellowish rhizomorphs attached to it and lack a volva and a sterile base. The peridium of fruiting body was tough and crusty. The peridioles were white pea-like capsules in a blackish matrix. The color change to darker tints of brown at the top of the exterior peridium reflected the gradual ripening of the interior gleba and peridioles, which proceeded from the top downward to become a mass of spore dust, appearing as cinnamon brown at the apex of the vertical section. At around this stage, the peridium cracked open linearly, exposing the gleba with powdery spores mass released from overmatured peridioles. Spores were more or less round, warty or spiny, 10 to $12{\mu}m$; globose, cinnamon brown in powdery mass, with spines up to $2{\mu}m$ long. The thin peridium ruptured further in response to the disintegration of the peridioles, releasing the powdery spores, which proceeded until whole fruiting body disappeared leaving the dry spore dust coats in the vicinity. The absence of a capillitium is a distinctive characteristic that distinguishes the specimen from other puff-ball fungi and from most of earthballs. Based on the above characteristics, the specimen was identified as Poslithus tinctorius.