• Journal of The Korean Society of Integrative Medicine
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.53-62
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• 2023

Purpose : This study evaluated the effects of transcranial direct current stimulation and a virtual reality program on the depression, hand functions, cognitive function, and activities of daily living of patients with mild cognitive impairment by dividing 20 patients with mild cognitive impairment and depression. The 20 patients were divided into a treatment group (transcranial direct current stimulation + a virtual reality program) and a control group (placebo transcranial direct current stimulation + a placebo virtual reality program). Methods : This study allocated ten subjects to the treatment group and ten subjects to the control group. The treatment was given five times per week for six weeks (30 sessions), and each session was 30 minutes. This study screened depression by using SGDS-K, a short geriatric depression scale, to examine depression before and after treatment intervention. This study also used the box and block test, NCSE, and FIM to evaluate hand functions, cognitive function, and activities of daily living, respectively. Results : The results showed that depression significantly decreased, hand functions significantly increased, cognitive function significantly improved, and activities of daily living significantly increased after intervention in the treatment and control groups. The magnitude of changes in depression, hand functions, cognitive function, and activities of daily living was significantly different between the two groups after intervention (p>.05). Conclusion : The results showed that the application of transcranial direct current stimulation and a virtual reality program could improve cognitive function, hand functions, and activities of daily living by decreasing depression. Therefore, it can be concluded that the simultaneous application of transcranial direct current stimulation and a virtual reality program is an intervention method, which can be applied for decreasing depression, enhancing hand functions, improving cognitive function, and increasing activities of daily living in patients with mild cognitive impairment.

• Journal of the Korea Society for Simulation
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.1-12
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• 2001

This article describes the application of discrete event simulation in a process industry (coffee manufacturing) as a daily production-scheduling tool. A large number of end products (around 300), sporadic demand, and limited shelf life of coffee (90 days) make it difficult to generate feasible production schedules manually. To solve this problem, an integrated system was developed incorporating discrete event simulation methodology into scheduling process. The integrated system is comprised of two components: a scheduling program and a simulation model. The scheduling program is used to generate daily schedules for roasting, grinding, and packing coffee. The simulation model uses the generated schedules to simulate the production of coffee and regenerates a modified production schedule. In this paper, each of the components will be described in detail, evaluated in terms of performance factors, and validated with a set of real production data. Although this article focuses on a specific system, we will share our experiences and Intuitions gained and encourage other process industries to develop simulation-based scheduling tools.

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.203-214
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• 2000

Health risk assessment is applied to streamlining LCA(Life Cycle Assessment) using Monte carlo simulation for probabilistic/stochastic exposure and risk distribution analysis caused by data variability and uncertainty. A case study was carried out to find benefits of this application. BTC(Benzene, Trichloroethylene, Carbon tetrachloride mixture alias) personal exposure cases were assumed as production worker(in workplace), manager(in office) and business man(outdoor). These cases were different from occupational retention time and exposure concentration for BTC consumption pattern. The result of cancer risk in these 3 scenario cases were estimated as $1.72E-4{\pm}1.2E+0$(production worker; case A), $9.62E-5{\pm}1.44E-5$(manger; case B), $6.90E-5{\pm}1.16E+0$(business man; case C), respectively. Portions of over acceptable risk 1.00E-4(assumed standard) were 99.85%, 38.89% and 0.61%, respectively. Estimated BTC risk was log-normal pattern, but some of distributions did not have any formal patterns. Except first impact factor(BTC emission quantity), sensitivity analysis showed that main effective factor was retention time in their occupational exposure sites. This case study is a good example to cover that LCA with probabilistic risk analysis tool can supply various significant information such as statistical distribution including personal/environmental exposure level, daily time activity pattern and individual susceptibility. Further research is needed for investigating real data of these input variables and personal exposure concentration and application of this study methodology.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2015.10a
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• pp.952-953
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• 2015

Increase of use of mobile devices results in development of mobile application in various sectors and it has significant influence on our daily life since those devices make our life more convenient and provide various kinds of information. This paper suggests a mobile application design to identify a situation by using Android operating system and Near Field Communication(NFC). This system designs a function to verify student identity based on NFC to support various services for increased objects through tags and applies this function to the mobile attendance management system.

• Journal of Sensor Science and Technology
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• v.16 no.6
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• pp.467-474
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• 2007

The real-time monitoring about the activity of the human provides useful information about the activity quantity and ability. The present study implemented a small-size and low-power acceleration monitoring system for convenient monitoring of activity quantity and recognition of emergent situations such as falling during daily life. For the wireless transmission of acceleration sensor signal, we developed a wireless transmission system based on a wireless sensor network. In addition, we developed a program for storing and monitoring wirelessly transmitted signals on PC in real-time. The performance of the implemented system was evaluated by assessing the output characteristic of the system according to the change of posture, and parameters and acontext recognition algorithm were developed in order to monitor activity volume during daily life and to recognize emergent situations such as falling. In particular, recognition error in the sudden change of acceleration was minimized by the application of a falling correction algorithm

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.29 no.10
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• pp.1543-1552
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• 2019

Salmonella is a common zoonotic and foodborne pathogen that causes high morbidity and mortality in developing countries. In this study, we established and validated a polymerase spiral reaction (PSR) assay which targeted the conserved invasion gene (invA) of Salmonella by SYBR Green I indicator methods. Subsequently, assays for determination of the optimal conditions for optimal specificity and sensitivity of PSR were performed. We performed comprehensive evaluations using loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) and real-time PCR. A total number of 532 samples of daily food were analyzed by PSR. Twenty-seven bacterial strains were tested in the specificity assay, from which positive results were obtained only for 14-Salmonella strains. However, none of the 13 non-Salmonella strains was amplified. Similarly with LAMP and real-time PCR, the detection limit of the PSR assay was 50 CFU/ml. The PSR method was also successfully applied to evaluate the contamination with Salmonella in 532 samples of daily food, corroborating traditional culture method data. The novel PSR method is simple, sensitive, and rapid and provides new insights into the prevention and detection of foodborne diseases.

• Tunnel and Underground Space
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.177-189
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• 1992

As tunnel becomes longer and larger, TBM has become one of the most popular methods of excavatio in rock. This paper describes the degree of operation the degree of availability and penetration rate of TBM and TBE applied in Namsan roadway tunnelling site. Net penetration rate was 1.62m/hr for TBM and 0.72m/hr for TBE. Net penetration rate showed no direct relation to daily advance or penetration time, but the lower bound of penetration rate could be obtained from the relation with daily advance. For both of TBM and TBE, the degree of operation and the degree of availability were 33.8% and 68.6% respectively. Life time of normal cutter was $310m^3$ for TBM and $194m^3$ for TBE, while that of center and gauge cutter was about $50m^3$. When the two machines were compared, TBM showed 80% higher penetration rate, and 40% shorter life time of cutter.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.54-64
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• 1987

The purpose of this study is to computerize all the necessary information on the daily food value and nutritional status for individuals and groups. In this research, a FOCUS-16jXT (16 bit personal computer ) compatible with IBM-PCjXT was used, and the database files and programs were created by using the dBASEIII package. The food life evaluation system consists of 3 subsystems of Reference, Nutrition Status Assessment and Food Source. The findings are summerized a8 follows: 1. Reference: This subsystem enables users to proceed to the next step, if necessary, by describing each subsystem. 2. Nutrition Status Assessment. 1) Food Habit Assessment: This subsystem determines whether the user has a good food habit or not, based on the answers for ten questions about daily food life. 2) Obesity Assessment: This subsystem calculates Broca index, which is used as a indicator of obesity. 3) Nutrient Intakes: When personal data such as age, sex, weight, height and food consumptions are input, it is possible to calculate the followings. i) Comparison between the amounts intaked and the recommended dietary daily allowances of various nutrients ii) Nutrient intakes from each food group and their composition rates for the nutrients iii) Nutrient intakes per unit body surface area iv) Composition of lipid intake 3. Food Sources: The appropriate food sources for the lacking nutrients will be recommended to the subjects.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.37 no.3
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• pp.172-178
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• 2018

BACKGROUND: Composted animal manure applied to the arable soil for improving soil quality and enhancing crop productivity causes greenhouse gas emissions such as nitrous oxide ($N_2O$) by processes of nitrification and denitrification. However, little studies have been conducted on determining effect of application ratio of composted animal manure on $N_2O$ emission rate and its annual emission pattern from upland soil in South Korea. Therefore, this study was conducted to determine $N_2O$ emission rate and its annual emission pattern from upland soil supporting for sweet potato. METHODS AND RESULTS: Composted animal manure was applied at the ratio of 0, 10, and 20 Mg/ha to an upland soil supporting for sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas). Nitrous oxide emission was examined during growing season and non-growing season from May 2016 through May 2017. Daily $N_2O$ fluxes showed peaks right after applications of composted animal manure and inorganic nitrogen fertilizer. Precipitation and soil water content affected daily $N_2O$ flux during non-growing season. Especially, $N_2O$ flux was strongly associated with water filled pore space (WFPS). We assumed that the majority of $N_2O$ measured during growing season of sweet potato was produced from nitrification and subsequent denitrification. Annual cumulative $N_2O$ emission rate significantly increased with increasing application ratio of composted animal manure. It increased to 12.0 kg/ha/yr from 8.73 kg/ha/yr at control with 10 Mg/ha of composted animal manure and to 14.0 kg/ha/yr of $N_2O$ emission with 20 Mg/ha of the manure. CONCLUSION: To reduce $N_2O$ emission from arable soil, further research on developing management strategy associated with use of the composted animal manure and soil moisture is needed.

• Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.317-327
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• 2008

This study developed the methodology to calculate the total daily maximum load (TMDL) using the instreamflow requirement because the previous TMDLs were too simple to easily achieve. Instreamflow requirement which was the average low flow ($Q_{275}$) in the previous planning cannot consider the seasonal variation of streamflow. Therefore, this study used the instreamflow requirement which is a maximum value among hydrologic drought flow ($Q_{355}$), and environmental flows for ecology and scenery. The environmental flows for ecology were calculated using Physical HABitat SIMulation system (PHABSIM) which can estimate the necessary flow for fish survival by life cycle. Using the proposed method, all monthly TMDLs of streams in the Anyangcheon were calculated for the application.