• The KIPS Transactions:PartB
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• v.16B no.3
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• pp.203-214
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• 2009

In this paper, we could simply compute the user's gaze position based on 2D relations between the pupil center and four corneal specular reflections formed by four IR-illuminators attached on each corner of a monitor, without considering the complex 3D relations among the camera, the monitor, and the pupil coordinates. Therefore, the objectives of our paper are to detect the pupil center and four corneal specular reflections exactly and to compensate for error factors which affect the gaze accuracy. In our method, we compensated for the kappa error between the calculated gaze position through the pupil center and actual gaze vector. We performed one time user calibration to compensate when the system started. Also, we robustly detected four corneal specular reflections that were important to calculate gaze position based on Kalman filter irrespective of the abrupt change of eye movement. Experimental results showed that the gaze detection error was about 1.0 degrees though there was the abrupt change of eye movement.

• Proceedings of the Korea Contents Association Conference
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• 2006.11a
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• pp.278-281
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• 2006

In the Contents industry, especially in the field of game contents the area receiving the most spotlight is 3D. With qualitative and quantitative developments in games continue, interest in 3D is becoming more significant. As a result studies and actual application in the area of 3D in the game industry are being most actively conducted. It is true that 3D game characters do not have the same level of natural movement compared to the previous 2D characters. In order to overcome the limitations of movement control of the Key frame method, the method that is currently being rapidly developed is a movement control method using motion capture system. In this study, the focus is placed in production of natural character animation through movement control through linkage of 3D game characters and motion capture system. Hence, production of natural 3D game character animation through a single central action was established as the purpose of this study.

• Phonetics and Speech Sciences
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.151-163
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• 2015

In this study, we aim to describe kinematic characteristics of Korean /l/-flapping in two speech rates (fast vs. comfortable). Production data was collected from seven native speakers of Seoul Korean (four females and three males) using electromagnetic midsagittal articulometry (EMMA), which provided two dimensional data on the x-y plane. We examined kinematic properties of the vertical/horizontal tongue tip gesture, the vertical/horizontal (rear) tongue body gesture, and the jaw gesture in an /i/-/i/ context. Gestural landmarks of the vertical tongue tip gesture are directly measured. This serves as the actual anchoring time points to which relevant measures of other trajectories referred. The study focuses on velocity profiles, closing/opening spatiotemporal properties, constriction duration, and constriction minima were analyzed. The results are summarized as follows. First, gradiently distributed spatiotemporal values of the vertical tongue tip gesture were on a continuum. This shows more of a reduction in fast speech rate, but no single instance of categorical reduction (deletion). Second, Korean /l/-flapping predominantly exhibited a backward sliding tongue tip movement, in 83% of production, which is apparently distinguished from forward sliding movement in English. Lastly, there was an indication of vocalic reduction in fast rate, truncating spatial displacement of the jaw and the tongue body, although we did not observe positional variations with speech rate. The present study shows that Korean /l/-flapping is characterized by mixed articulatory properties with respect to flapping sounds of other languages such as English and Xiangxiang Chinese. Korean /l/ flapping demonstrates a language-universal property, such as the gradient nature of its flapping sounds that is compatible with other languages. On the other hand, Korean /l/-flapping also shows a language-particular property, particularly distinguished from English, in that a backward gliding movement occurs during the tongue tip closing movement. Although, there was no vocalic reduction in V2 observed in terms of jaw and tongue body height, spatial displacement of these articulators still suggests truncation in fast speech rate.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2022.10a
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• pp.264-266
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• 2022

In order to apply the RNN model to the radio fingerprint-based indoor path generation technology, the data set must be continuous and sequential. However, Wi-Fi radio fingerprint data is not suitable as RNN data because continuity is not guaranteed as characteristic information about a specific location at the time of collection. Therefore, continuity information of sequential positions should be given. For this purpose, clustering is possible through classification of each region based on signal data. At this time, the continuity information between the clusters does not contain information on whether actual movement is possible due to the limitation of radio signals. Therefore, correlation information on whether movement between adjacent clusters is possible is required. In this paper, a deep learning network, a recurrent neural network (RNN) model, is used to predict the path of a moving object, and it reduces errors that may occur when predicting the path of an object by generating continuous location information for path generation in an indoor environment. We propose a method of giving correlation between clustering for generating an improved moving path that can avoid erroneous path prediction that cannot move on the predicted path.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.28 no.6
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• pp.19-34
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• 2010

This study aims to describe actual condition of residents' involvement of Sk$\"{a}$rk$\"{a}$ll ecovillage in Sweden by in-depth interviews with five residents. This study, hopefully, could contribute to offer useful information for forming ecovillage, as well as awakening about ecovillage movement to the public in Korea. The interviews were fulfilled during spring of 2010 in G$\"{o}$teborg and Sk$\"{a}$rk$\"{a}$ll ecovillage in Sweden. The results are as follows: 1) In terms of overall residents' involvement by self-evaluation everybody agrees with that residents' involvement was quite excellent during forming stage of the village, while it has been notably decreased now in running stage. It reveals there is a gap between ideology and reality. 2) Concerning decision making method, they use majority decision instead of consensus, since only 9 households of 20 are residing there all year around, it is hardly possible to assemble all the residents in the meeting. In Accordance with problematic conflicts in the village recently, development of socialization with others and education of communication skill for residents probably could be helpful to resolve conflicts among residents in long term. 3) In terms of evaluation of ecovillage movement in Sk$\"{a}$rk$\"{a}$ll ecovillage, it is the fact that many residents live less self-sufficiently, more energy consumed than the ideology pursuits. Also, they live with close connections with conventional society. Nevertheless, the efforts they are willing to practice 3R principles (Recycle, Reuse, Reduction) have to be highly respected, if we consider its educational influence to environmental movement for the conventional society.

• Journal of the Korean Dietetic Association
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.38-49
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• 2001

This study was designed to analyze the dietetic practitioner's job in the over 600-ed hospitals in korea and to assess their labor time spent and staffing need indices. The actual time spent and expected labor time spent on dietitians' activities were investigated and the proper dietic staffing needs in the hospitals was also calculated. A job analysis questionnaires were developed and mailed to 20 hospitals. Completed questionnaires were received form 12 hospitals for a response rate of 60%. The followings are summary of the results. 1. The jobs dietitians at the hospitals were classified into the following 7 areas, direct patient care, indirect patient care, therapeutic patient care, education & counseling, meeting & research, delay & movement, and administration & food services. 2. The actual time spent on dietetic practice was 48.6 hours and expected labor time spent was 99.2 hours, Therefore, the proper time required to conduct classified jobs was 2.1 times higher than the time spent. Especially, the time required for performing clinical nutrition services including direct patient care, indirect patient care, therapeutic patient care was significantly higher than the time needed. 3. The average times required for the direct patient care was 1334.6min, for the indirect patient care was 796.3min, for the therapeutic patient care was 1634.5min, for the education & counseling was 265.2min, for the meeting & research was 366.7min, for the delay & movement was 327.3min, and for the administration & food services was 1170min. The staffing need indices was 12.3. As a conclusion, the standardized job descriptions for the dietitian to carry out their job at the hospital should be established. And the clinical dietitians as nutrition professionals have to be recruited to provide systematically hospitalized patients with medical nutrition therapy at each hospital.

• International conference on construction engineering and project management
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• 2009.05a
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• pp.250-256
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• 2009

This paper presents a robotic tower-crane system using encoder and gyroscope sensors as path tracking devices. Tower crane work is often associated with falling accidents and industrial disasters. Such problems often incur a loss of time and money for the contractor. For this reason, many studies have been done on an automatic tower crane. As a part of 5-year 23-million-dollar research project in Korea, we are developing a robotic tower crane which aims to improve the safety level and productivity. We selected a luffing tower crane, which is commonly used in urban construction projects today, as a platform for the robotic tower crane system. This system comprises two modules: the automated path planning module and the path tracking module. The automated path planning system uses the 3D Cartesian coordinates. When the robotic tower crane lifts construction material, the algorithm creates a line, which represents a lifting path, in virtual space. This algorithm seeks and generates the best route to lift construction material while avoiding known obstacles from real construction site. The path tracking system detects the location of a lifted material in terms of the 3D coordinate values using various types of sensors including adopts encoder and gyroscope sensors. We are testing various sensors as a candidate for the path tracking device. This specific study focuses on how to employ encoder and gyroscope sensors in the robotic crane These sensors measure a movement and rotary motion of the robotic tower crane. Finally, the movement of the robotic tower crane is displayed in a virtual space that synthesizes the data from two modules: the automatically planned path and the tracked paths. We are currently field-testing the feasibility of the proposed system using an actual tower crane. In the next step, the robotic tower crane will be applied to actual construction sites with a following analysis of the crane's productivity in order to ascertain its economic efficiency.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.19 no.12
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• pp.1409-1419
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• 2010

Recently, Korea's interest in environment protection is increasingly growing, and Korea realizes the seriousness of environmental pollution and national movement to minimize the effect is arising. As part of the movement, the need of environmental education in elementary schools is on the rise. This study aims to develop integrated environmental experience programs allowing students to have experience activities in forests, rivers, and seas that they can approach easily around them and to have environmental education through various plays. In addition, the study purposes to compare general educational education programs in actual education in terms of the effect of the program on students' environment attitudes. This study was conducted to 50 fourth graders in two classes of S elementary school in Busan, and the 25-student comparative group had the normal educational education program that is mostly being performed in actual education while the 25-student treatment group had the survey on environmental attitude after a class using an integrated environmental experience program. The survey content is about environmental attitudes, and it consists of six subjects such as general environment, environmental pollution, energy, water resources, recycling, and animal protection and has 7 or 8 items by each subject which is divided into eight sub-items including sensibility, belief, values, spontaneity, criticism, patience, attention and interest. The findings are as follows. First, the integrated environmental experience program has a more positive effect on environmental attitudes than the general educational program. In particular, it is really effective about the topic of animal protection among students' environmental attitudes. Second, the integrated environmental experience program has a more positive effect on values and interests than the general environmental education program.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.582-589
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• 2011

The purpose of this study was to investigate problems of design, fitness, suitability for movement, and comfort in current Korean military tank driver's clothing through analysis of actual wearing condition by questionnaire and field evaluation and. to provide basic data for developing a improved design of Korean military tank driver's clothing. The survey was done for 477 military tank driver and the field evaluation was also done for evaluation. The overall satisfaction for design of military tank driver's clothing(3.25) was higher than that for the easiness in wearing and taking off(2.76). The military tank drivers evaluated that current coverall type of clothing is more suitable than two-piece type of clothing. The overall satisfaction for fitness of clothing was as a whole low(2.82~3.09), Especially, the satisfaction for fitness of from front and back rise length was the lowest one. In the satisfaction for clothing materials, the satisfaction for the breathability of material was the lowest, followed by clothing insulation and air permeability. The satisfaction for movement was low in bending waist and raising forward and aside. The part which surveyors think most dissatisfactory was also front and back rise length. The frequency in use of pocket was the highest in chest pocket, followed by waist and pants pockets. The satisfaction for opening easiness of hips opening part was very low(2.64).

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.49-61
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• 2008

School forests, an important part of the urban forest, has diverse functions and plays an important role in artificial environment. It has three main functions: educational for children, ecological for nature, and cultural for residents. In spite of its diverse functions and roles, the actual conditions and achievements of school forests have not been correctly evaluated, resulting in institutional inertia. To improve these problems, this study was synthetically conducted by the post occupancy evaluation of users(residents, teachers and students) at school forests. This study can be summarized as follows: 1. The cognition and satisfaction level of school forests supported by private organizations was higher than those by local governments. Therefore, the establishment of a post management system of private organizations is more effective than the simple financial support of local governments. 2. The frequency of use of school forests by residents was higher than that of teachers. Their purposes were mainly to rest or walk However, teachers used school forests for nature observation and education. 3. In a survey of teachers about a reform measure and problems of school forests, the necessity of a post management system and financial security were significant requests. In addition, steady publicity and education, participant program, and incentives for teachers should be considered. This study is meaningful to systematically develop and activate the school forest movement. The integrated approach to the school forest movement reflects opinions of related users and is expected to become a useful foundation in studying about the improvement of city environments.