• Korean Security Journal
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• no.36
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• pp.387-416
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• 2013

This study's purpose is to present the improvement of effectiveness of security activity for international conference which can be held hereafter. On the basis of security activity problems originating in G20 summit meeding that had been held in Seoul in 2010. I made up questions three times to on the members of the police, military, fire figher and national intelligence service who had experienced in Seoul G20 summit meeding and recognition of possible problem and possibility of improvement on each item of questions was analyzed by Delphi Method. Also interviews with 4 security experts selected from each security agency were conducted to present improvement in each part of problem. The results obtained from the face to face interview with four experts of security-enforcement agency about the role of event site activity stage for international conference are as followings; First, 'security protocol section' protocol and security are needed mutual win-win enough to be compared with adaptative relationship, thereby being demanded the closer cooperation and information exchange. Second, 'situation management section' there is a need of reinforcing the cooperative system between situation rooms of each agency in order to possibly operate all of the security manpower integrally, which are dispersed by function and by event site, in addition to the swift and organic information exchange between wide-area local government and all the security agencies focusing on a preparation planning group. Third, 'security manpower resource management section' there is a need of encouragement and interest in the leadership in order to devise system that all of the security manpower can concentrate on event and to be possibly satisfied the given conditions. Fourth, 'local government cooperative support section' the wide-area local government of a hosting city as international city operates several kinds of the facilities for international conference, supports operation of conference, achieves a ripple effect of event such as tourism, maximizes service of accomodations, and performs the primary responsibility for the maintenance of the traffic facilities, thereby needing to execute special inspection under the responsibility of Si-Do governors.

• Journal of the korean society of oceanography
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.168-177
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• 1998

Five and a half months after the Keumdong oil spill accident on the 21$^{st}$ of September 1993, 34 seawater samples and 94 sediment samples were collected from Kwangyang Bay and Namhaedo area to assess its environmental impacts. Hydrocarbon concentration in the seawater ranged from 0.8 to 9.2 ${\mu}$g/1 with an average of 3.3 ${\mu}$g/1. This average value was nearly the same as the value(3.7 ${\mu}$g/1) before the oil spill accident. This suggests that by the early March of 1994 majority of the coastal water in the study area restored to its background hydrocarbon concentration before the oil spill accident. Nutrients, heavy metals and other general environmental parameters of the seawater did not show any aggravated seawater quality compared with the previous records. From the regression analysis of time-course observation of hydrocarbon in the seawater, except the sediment environment, the effect of oil spill on the water column was estimated to last at least 4 months in the study area after the oil spill accident. In the shoreline sediments, oil deposits were, however, still found at the high water marks at several stations, and very high values were found in the west of Namhaedo, ranging from 3.7 to 40.1 mg/g of wet sediment. Gas chromatography of these samples showed a very distinct Bunker C chromatogram identical to the Keumdong oil spill. Hydrocarbons in the subtidal bottom sediments in the study area and the reference stations (YB and CB) ranged from 0.45 to 18.08 ${\mu}$g/g of wet sediment with an average of 3.09 ${\mu}$g/g. West of Namhaedo (Stations Bl2-B33) generally showed much higher values than inner Kwangyang Bay and in Chinju Bay. Chinju Bay generally showed the lowest value among the study area. Subtidal bottom sediments in inner Kwangyang Bay and Chinju Bay seemed to be less affected than west of Namhaedo. Heavy metal concentrations in the sediment were relatively higher in the Kwangyang Bay than in the Chinju Bay. However, metal concentrations in the study area were in general comparable to the reference areas.

• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.123-133
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• 2010

The national standards for the installation of pedestrian crosswalks prohibits installation of crosswalks within 200 meters of nearby overpasses, underpasses, or crosswalks. In case the exceptional installation is required, the feasibility study is to be thoroughly conducted by the local police agency. However, it is an undeniable fact that the specific installation standards for optimal types and locations of crosswalks are not yet to be established. This paper examines the development of traffic accident prediction model applicable to different types and locations of bus stops(type A and type B) at mid-block intersections. Furthermore, it develops the poisson regression model which sets the "number of traffic accidents" and "traffic accident severity" as dependent variables, while using "traffic volumes", "pedestrian traffic volumes" and "the distance between crosswalks and bus stops" as independent variables. According to the traffic accident prediction model applicable to the type A bus stop location, the traffic accident severity increases relative to the number of traffic volumes, the number of pedestrian traffic volumes, and the distance between crosswalks and bus stops. In case of the type B bus stop model, the further the bus stop is from crosswalks, the number of traffic accidents decreases while it increases when traffic volumes and pedestrian traffic volumes increase. Therefore, it is reasonable to state that the bus stop design which minimizes the traffic accidents is the type C design, which is the one in combination of type A and type B, and the optimal distance is found to be 65 meters. In case of the type A design and the type B design, the optimal distances are found to be within range 60~70meters.

• Korean Security Journal
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• no.17
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• pp.255-276
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• 2008

The important items, which should be considered in Private Investigation Law, can include subjects, licenses, the scope of business, qualifying examinations, and supervisory and penal provisions. The subjects of Private Investigation Law should be permitted to be both natural persons and juridical persons in terms of providing various services, but should be permitted to be juridical persons and should be administered on a license system, even in order to ensure public interests. Concretely, the introduction scope of Private Investigation Law can be regulated to include the followings: that is, investigating the whereabouts identification of runaways and missing children, investigating the personal identification, habit, way of action, motivation, whereabouts identification, real child confirmation, association, transaction, reputation, and personality of specific persons or specific groups, investigating the whereabouts identification of missing persons, owners of government-vested properties or renounced properties, investigating the whereabouts of lost properties or stolen properties, investigating the causes of fire, character defamation, slander, damage, accident, physical disability, infringement on real estate or movable property, and investigating all sorts of accidents including traffic accidents, insurance accidents, and medical malpractices. In the qualifying examination, examinees' age should be restricted to be over age 25. The person, who is exempted from its primary examination, should be restricted to be the person, who has the career of over 20 years in related fields, in consideration of its equity with other certificates of qualification. In the supervisory institution, as the policy institution is the supervisory institution in many countries including France (the police) and Japan (public security committee), so the National Policy Agency should be the supervisory institution in consideration of management aspects. In the penal regulations, especially, we should clarify the management of personal information (personal information protection, personal information management), and so should prevent the infringement of people's basic rights, and then should ensure the public interest.

• Korean Security Journal
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• no.19
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• pp.139-163
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• 2009

The purpose of this study is to build up the expert system with more subdivided qualifications and improved qualities with the development of the security industry. And also it is to analyze a survey measuring how satisfied they are with curriculum, teaching faculty, educational administration, facilities among 439 private guards completing a course in Korea private guard educational institution and registered in the National Police Agency in Seoul, Gyeonggi, Chungcheong, Gyeongsang, Jeolla province. For this, SPSS(Statistical Packages for Social Science) 15.0 Version was adapted to analyze and other analysis methods used for this study are like these: frequency, reliability analysis, regressive analysis, moderated multiple regression, post hoc test for categorizing the performance changes, looking into the characteristics, examining closely job performance, intention to quit one's job, and inquiring into the influence how satisfaction measurement at education training satisfaction makes on carrying out one's job. Firstly, The Effect Satisfaction at The Program has on Performing One's Duty With respect to job performance, curriculum, educational administration, teaching abilities have positive influences on it. On the other hand, with respect to quitting one's job, curriculum just makes positive effects on leaving one's work statistically. It indicates that systematic and effective curriculum, administration, teaching faculty or contents with high quality rather than just education facilities would make the task performance excellent and satisfaction at the program well in regards to making effects on the task performance. Secondly, The Effect Satisfaction at The Program has on Performing One's Duty with Social Supports Despite being the fact that statistically any strong correlation between curriculum and social supports, one between education facilities and social supports, one between teaching abilities and social supports, and one between educational administration and social supports do not have influences on carrying out job performance, it turns out that satisfaction at the program and social supports make positive effects on performing one's task. In conclusion, the entire social system and support need to be improved and some institutions appropriate for satisfaction at the program should be established as soon as possible.

• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.109-117
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• 2008

The first phase of School Zone Improvement Project introduced to enhance the safety of school-routes were completed by 2007 and the second phase of the project will be continued from 2008 to 2012. Since a huge budget is required for the project, there is a need to evaluate how many child-related crashes were reduced through the project, prior to the implementation of the second phase. Therefore, this study aims to analyze the influence of the School Zone Improvement Project on reduction in child-related crashes with data collected from the database of the National Police Agency. This study employed a Before-and-After study with comparison group to assess how many crashes were reduced. The results showed that the number of child-related crashes were decreased by 10, which is about 39% reduction in crash frequencies. With respect to the land use characteristics of school zones, the number of reduced crashes in residential zone, commercial zone, and mixed zone were 2.41, 3.8, and 0.5, respectively. The results may provide a significant implication for the second phase of the project that there is a need to establish different plans for improvement project with respect to land use characteristics.

• Korean Security Journal
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• no.57
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• pp.27-55
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• 2018

The problem is that even though the cost of apartment buildings and general expenses are the same and similar tasks, there is a significant gap between them in quantity and quality. The apartment security guard needs more professional management in education and various reporting obligations. In particular, the reality of being away from the management and supervision of the National Police Agency, which is in charge of crime prevention and policing resources throughout the nation, is a task that needs to be improved quickly. Although the "security service" is a specialized area for protecting the lives and property of the people, it is managed and operated only in the category of apartment management, just because it is under the jurisdiction of the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport. This should be integrated into one cost-related law, such as the "Cost Business Act," for management and operation. Although the regulations concerning security guards under the "Joint Housing Management Act" are very limited, they should start discussing the integrated management of apartment security guards and general security guards in view of improvement of their treatment. The most realistic method would be to hire a new general security officer with a security law as a security guard in an apartment building.

• Journal of Fisheries and Marine Sciences Education
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.170-179
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• 2005

Realities of illegal fisheries in the central and southern coastal areas of the Yellow Sea were investigated. The study was based on the data released by the Ministry of Maritime Affairs and Fisheries (MOMAF) and Korea Coast Guard (KCG) during 1992-2002 and on questionnaire responses. Analyses of KCG data showed that the number of enforcements by the agency gradually decreased during 1998-2001 but rose in 2002. Analyses of the MOMAF data, however, revealed that illegal fisheries gradually increased during 1992-1996, but sharply increased after 1997, and that such illegal activities became more common in the East Sea beginning in 2001. MOMAF data also showed that although illegal fisheries began to increase in the Yellow Sea after 1997 they tended to decrease in the southern sea after 1998, with a high rate of small-bull trawlers (40.9%) that were non-sanction fisheries (38.1%). Questionnaire responses showed that illegal fisheries were mainly motivated by poverty (27.4%) and largely occurred in coastal fisheries (78.0%). Analyses of questionnaire responses also suggested that illegal fishing activities can be reduced through tougher laws regulating fisheries.

• Korean Security Journal
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• no.32
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• pp.95-122
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• 2012

The ocean in the 21st century is getting emphasized as a treasury of natural resources and a growth engine for the nation. And nations around the world have entered into the hyper-competition to take the initiative for those marine resources. Under the situation, the Korea Coast Guard is devoting itself with full force to protecting maritime sovereignty, ensuring maritime safety and security and preserving the marine environment. Purpose of this study is to analyze Maritime Policing Act of 2012 and their problems and to suggest improvement measures. Objectives of Maritime Policing Act of 2012 is national Defence, policing for maritime security, protection of marine natural resources and marine facility in territorial waters and exclusive economic zone(EEZ) of Korea. Limits of Maritime Policing Act of 2012 are as follows. First, As organization related rules in Maritime Policing Act of 2012 are not enough, Maritime police agency Act should be revised and enacted in order to cope with future administrative demands and legal ground. Second, Article 22 penal regulation is more severe than regulations of another Act. Third, Article 14 should be made improvement for pre-prevention through the pre-report and the establishment of prohibition boundary in maritime demonstration.

• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.99-110
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• 2008

It is commonly estimated that there is a much higher potential for accidents at a crossroads than along a single road due to its plethora of conflicting points. According to the 2006 figures by the National Police Agency, the number of traffic accidents at crossroads is greatly increasing compared to that along single roads. Among others, crossroads installed with traffic signals have more varied influential factors for traffic accidents and leave much more room for improvement than ones without traffic signals; thus, it is expected that a noticeable effect could be achieved in safety if proper counter-measures against the hazards at a crossroads were taken together with an estimate of causes for accidents This research managed to develop models for accident forecasts and accident intensity by applying data on accident history and site inspection of crossroads, targeting four selected downtown crossroads installed with traffic signals. The research was done by roughly dividing the process into four stages: first, analyze the accident model examined before; second, select variables affecting traffic accidents; third, develop a model for traffic accident forecasting by using a statistics-based methodology; and fourth, carry out the verification process of the models.