• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.85-100
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• 2001

In this paper, an analytical procedure for solving several static and dynamic problems of non-uniform beams is proposed. It is shown that the governing differential equations for several stability, free vibration and static problems of non-uniform beams can be written in the from of a unified self-conjugate differential equation of the second-order. There are two functions in the unified equation, unlike most previous researches dealing with this problem, one of the functions is selected as an arbitrary expression in this paper, while the other one is expressed as a functional relation with the arbitrary function. Using appropriate functional transformation, the self-conjugate equation is reduced to Bessel's equation or to other solvable ordinary differential equations for several cases that are important in engineering practice. Thus, classes of exact solutions of the self-conjugate equation for several static and dynamic problems are derived. Numerical examples demonstrate that the results calculated by the proposed method and solutions are in good agreement with the corresponding experimental data, and the proposed procedure is a simple, efficient and exact method.

• 한국정보시스템학회지:정보시스템연구
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• 제31권3호
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• pp.1-18
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• 2022

Purpose The purpose of this study is to analize a psychological and behavioral mechanism for using profile picture management in digital service such as social network service. Profile picture management falls under metadata management and is performed only by those who want it. This means that it, is one of the typical makeup-type digital shadow works (DSWs) which have not been studied yet. Design/methodology/approach This study adopts ground theory method(GTM) as research methodology. GTM, which is one of qualitative methodologies, is for developing theories while most survey based methodologies, which are well adopted in much research for information systems, are for validation of theories. By interviewing ten users, the data are collected and analyzed by open coding, axis coding with paradigm model, and selective coding. Findings In result, 39 codes are found and classified into 29 sub classes and 15 classes. These 15 classes are organized by paradigm model which derives core code of profile picture management as 'voluntary management tasks to experience small pleasures with intermittent attention'. Finally, based on the paradigm model and the core code, the story line, which can explain profile picture management, is suggested.

• 대한가정학회지
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.1-15
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• 1991

The purpose of this study was to understand the diversity and speciality of Aztec dress which has not been well known, and to overcome ethnocentrism in clothing perceptions. From 15 century to early 16 century, the Aztec empire based on the unique view of the world, most flourished in Mesoamerica. Ritualistic and official side of Aztec life was reflected well on dress. Most Aztec garments consisted of unsewn pieces of cloth, draped on the body as loincloth, mantle and wraparound skirt. Slightly more complicated garments such as women's blouses(huipils) and men's simple jackets were created by sewing together two or more pieces of material. In the sharply stratified world of Aztec, strict sumptuary laws controlled dress. The garments of lower classes were made of maguey or yucca fiber, and only the upper classes were allowed to wear cotton clothing. In addition to material, color, elaborateness and even manner of tieing the mantle were carefully controlled by government edict. As the Aztec empire expanded and became wealthier, the sumptuary laws could not actually dictate what people wore everyday but rather provided a set of rules governing clothing for ceremonial occasions. Aztec's warrior costumes, consisted of headdress, towering back devices, feather garments, were sufficient to suggest the theatrical grandeur of what must have been one of the most magnificiently attired armies ever assembled.

• 복식
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• 제39권
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• pp.181-196
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• 1998

This study is about the similarities and the individualties of the traditional costumes in the ruling classes of Koguryo(高句麗), Bakjae(百濟), and Shilla(新羅). The analysis is based on the views of historical reformation on$\boxDr$Sam-gooksagi(三國史記)$\boxUl$Bongi(本紀). The costumes that were worn by the governing classes are categorized by the following, official duties, wars, ceremonies, and recreations(hunting). Up to the present time, there has been a great tendency to emphasize the similarities of the Three Kingdoms' costumes among most of academic researchers. However, the conceptions of individualities of the costumes among the Three Kingdoms were conceived by the facts that geological environments, political systems, social traditions, social aspects, and foreign affairs. The Three Kingdoms had different official rank systems along with official costume systems. Monopolization of official positions of the ruling parties tried to show their dignity and authority through styles of their costumes. The costumes of Koguryo were greatly differentiated by geographical regions ; One direct example is cheak of Pyoungyang and Anak regiona was named as official hats of rulling parties of Kokuryo. However, in this study, the cheak was viewed as a product of influences of Chinese costume. Further-more, the laguan was named as mooguan. Costumes of ceremonial occasions were heavily decorated to symbolize dignity and auth-ority. Metal ornament of headgear and belt, metal shoes were con-sidered as ceremonial costumes. the tight hunting costumes of Koguryo shown in mural pain-ting costumes of Koguryo shown in mural pain-tings were presumed to be spring and autumn clothing. Excavated from Neungasnlee, the hunting costumes inscribed in the gold incense burnner were confirmed as hunting costumes of Bakjae. The individuality of the costumes of the Three Kingdoms could also be supported by the fact that they had different climates. The temperature difference between Gipan region and Kyoungjoo(慶州) region was emphasized. Especially winter clothing would have had a big difference in style than the summer clothing. Through the research summarized above, this study was able to confirm that each of the Three Kingdoms had developed individualized costumes based on their geographical, cultural and environmental factors. Furthermore, through this study, it was possible to find out the difference as well as the similarities of their costumes according to each of their people's sociopolitical status, awareness of indepen-dence, andunique historical and traditional charactoristics.

• 한국의상디자인학회지
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• 제4권3호
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• pp.43-54
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• 2002

Some factors had influence upon the grotesque image formation expressed in fashion: for instance, thanatos, religions, fin de siecle (end of the century), the aesthetics of ugliness, subculture group's resistance and technology development, etc. Those factors have formed a grotesque while exchanging influence each other, and have following features: First, the thanatos, which is destructive and aggressive instinct of the inner world of human being, creates frightening object and motif to form the images of grotesque. Second, from religious point of view, the church made the Devil a tool for maintenance of power: They manipulated physical body and give a damage to it to sublimate it in holy existence, so that they could feel catharsis. Third, there was fin de siecle (end of the century) to let people have negative life attitude, such as uneasiness on following century, eschatology, skepticism and nihilism, etc. Fourth, the ugliness having unpleasantness and disharmony occupies governing position when our society becomes corrupted and uneasy, and the aesthetics of ugliness discloses the inconsistency of ideal and beautiful life in the grotesque images. Fifth, subculture groups, i.e., the lower classes, homosexual and the youth's group, etc, form the grotesque images by political and ideological resistance, complaints and specific identity, etc concerning governing culture keeping traditional ethics consciousness. Sixth, recent technology development has destroyed a boundary between human being and machinery, and bio-technology development has created transplant operation, plastic operation and other human body transformation operations, and genome research, etc has raised human being's identity.

• 대한지구과학교육학회지
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.17-25
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• 2017

이 연구는 융합인재교육(STEAM)프로그램을 중학생들에게 적용하였을 때 논리적사고력에 미치는 영향을 조사하기 위한 것이다. 따라서, 융합인재교육(STEAM) 프로그램의 준거 틀인 상황제시, 창의적 설계, 감성적 체험의 수업절차에 따라, 융합인재교육(STEAM) 선행연구를 통해 프로그램을 개발하였다. 융합인재교육(STEAM)프로그램이 전체적으로 논리적사고력 향상을 확인하기 위해 중학생 2학년 47명을 무선표집하여 4주 동안 6차시의 수업을 실시하였다. 융합인재교육(STEAM)프로그램 실시 후 인지단계에서는 변화가 거의 없었으나 논리적 사고력이 향상되었고 특히 보존논리, 조합논리에서 효과적인 것으로 나타났다.(p<0.5)

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제30권1호
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• pp.68-79
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• 2014

There are marked differences in climate condition between east-facing slopes and west-facing slopes in Mt. Seorak (1,708 m). This study was conducted to find out the differences of benthic macroinvertebrate communities between both slopes of Mt. Seorak. Quantitative (Surber net; $30cm{\times}30cm$, mesh: 1mm) and qualitative (Hand net; mesh: 1mm) samplings ware carried out seasonally in each site which had 100-meter-high difference from November 2010 to November 2011. Most of the survey sites showed sound environmental conditions because they were located in the protection area of the national park. The benthic macroinvertebrates collected from all survey sites were composed of 158 species, 62 families, 17 orders, 7 classes and 5 phyla. DCA (Detrended Correspondence Analysis) ordination based on the abundance of benthic mactoinvertebrates showed that altitude was a major factor governing the structure of benthic macroinvertebrate community. There was no significant difference of the communities between both slopes.

• Animal cells and systems
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.1-7
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• 1999

Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) was originally isolated as a hypothalamic peptide that regulates reproduction by stimulating the release of gonadotropins. Using comparative animal models has led to the discovery that GnRH has a more ancient evolutionary origin. Durinq evolution GnRH peptide underwent gene duplication and structural changes to give rise to multiple molecular forms of GnRHs. Mammalian GnRH initially considered to be the sole molecular form, is now grouped as a family of peptides along with GnRH variants determined from representatives in all classes of vertebrates. Vertebrate species including primates and humanshave more than one GnRH variant in individual brains; a unique GnRH form in the forebrain and chicken IIGnRH in the midbrain. Furthermore, several species of bony fish have three molecular variants of GnRH: salmon GnRH sea-bream GnRH and chicken II GnRH. Also, it has been shown that in addition to the olfactory placodes and the midbrain, there is a third embryonic source of GnRH neurons from the basal diencephalon in birds and fish, which might be true for other vertebrates. Therefore, comparative animal models like fish with discrete sites of expression of three molecular variants of GnRH in individual brains, could provide insight into novel functions of GnRH variants, conservation of gene regulation, and mechanisms governing reproduction in vertebrates.

• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제103권4호
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• pp.599-604
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• 2014

본 연구는 제주특별자치도 부속 53개 무인도서의 자연환경 특성을 분석하고, 산림자원관리의 우선순위를 판단하기 위하여 상대적인 중요도를 평가하였다. 우선 제주도 무인도서의 자연환경 특성을 분석해 본 결과, 산림동물종수(r = 0.762, p<0.01), 초본종수(r = 0.647, p<0.01), 목본종수(r = 0.585, p<0.01)순으로 산림규모와 높은 상관성이 있는 것으로 분석되었다. 그리고 도서지역 산림규모를 예측하기 위한 회귀모형은 R=0.899, $R^2=0.803$으로 나타났으며, 회귀식에 대한 설명력은 79.7%로 통계적으로 유의하였다. 무인도서의 산림규모별 유형화분석은 산림면적이 약 0.5 ha와 약 12 ha로 두 가지 그룹으로 분류되었다. 두 번째로 DEA를 이용하여 제주도 무인도서별 산림자원관리의 상대적인 중요도를 평가한 결과, DMU14(0.941), DMU36(0.964), DMU44(1.000), DMU45(0.903)등이 생물종다양성이 풍부하여 산림관리를 위한 우선순위가 높은 것으로 나타났다. 그리고 산림이 있는 무인도서의 상대적 중요도는 평균 0.439, 산림이 없는 무인도서는 평균 0.096으로 나타나 산림과 생물종 다양성에는 밀접한 관계가 있는 것으로 분석되었다.

• 천문학회보
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• 제40권1호
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• pp.63.3-64
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• 2015

In our previous work (Kim et al., 2015), we suggested a new classification scheme, which categorizes the SPEs into four groups based on association with flare or CME inferred from onset timings as well as proton acceleration patterns using multienergy observations. In this study, we have tried to find whether there are any typical characteristics of associated events and acceleration sites in each group using 42 SPEs from 1997 to 2012. We find: (i) if the proton acceleration starts from a lower energy, a SPE has a higher chance to be a strong event (>5000pfu) even if the associated flare and CME are not so strong. The only difference between the SPEs associated with flare and CME is the location of the acceleration site. For the former, the sites are very low (~1Rs) and close to the western limb, while the latter has a relatively higher and wider acceleration sites. (ii) When the proton acceleration starts from the higher energy, a SPE tends to be a relatively weak event (<1000pfu), in spite of its associated CME is relatively stronger than previous group. (iii) The SPEs categorized by the simultaneous proton acceleration in whole energy range within 10 minutes, tend to show the weakest proton flux in spite of strong related eruptions. Their acceleration heights are very close to the locations of type II radio bursts. Based on those results, we suggest that the different characteristics of the four groups are mainly due to the different mechanisms governing the acceleration pattern and interval, and different condition such as the acceleration location.