• Journal of the Architectural Institute of Korea Planning & Design
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.3-14
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• 2019

The purpose of this study is to analyze the distribution characteristics of the agency-managed shared housings in Seoul and draw the possible implications from it. The needed data for the study was obtained from an on-line shared housing portal service which provides housing information from various shared housing management agencies. By mapping out the locations and other related data into a GIS(Geographic Information System) program, this study shows that shared housings in Seoul can be sorted into four large clusters. Each cluster has a different ratio of housing types and room capacities reflecting each regional circumstance and common causes. Women-only shared housing takes up 79% of the overall shared housing ratio and, while multi-family housing type has the most count, the apartment type has a noticeably high ratio in women-only housing compared to the apartment type ratio among the other gender-specific housings. Given the high crime rate against the single-person household of young adult women, the reason for the popularity of shared-apartment housing among young women can be deduced. However, the potential tenants' practical choices and their concern for safety are not the only causes that drive the current shared housing market. The young adults in their 20's and 30's choose to live in popular places where they can engage social activities. A new tier of shared housing market has also appeared in places where young adults could not have afforded if they lived alone. Choosing where we live is no longer about just meeting the requirements for a house based on what she/he needs but also about satisfying the preferences for a living based on what she/he desires. This paper indicates that although there is an undeniable premise that 'sharing a house' revolves around the realm of housing welfare and is not a typical topic for the upper-income households, the way we live and how we choose our place to live is shifting.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.23 no.5
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• pp.844-853
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• 1990

We have performed 27 cases of orthotopic homologous cardiac transplantation using Korean mongrel dogs and one case of sham operation for the evaluation of harmful effect of cardiopulmonary bypass itself on the dog from April, 1989 to June, 1990. Our previous reports have already demonstrated basal hemodynamic and hematologic data on the canine homologous heart transplantation and the fundamental principles of transplantation of the heart. The mean body weight of recipients was 13.2$\pm$1.2kg with a rage of 11 ~ 15kg, and the hemodynamic and hematologic pictures were almost same as the result of previous reports from our hospital, except marked decrease in postoperative platelet count[from 3.18 $\pm$0.80x106/mm3 to 1.41$\pm$0 37x 106/mm3]. Mean survival time was 24.82$\pm$49.40 hours with the longest survival of 264 hours. Donor cardiectomy included coronary vasodilatation with diltiazem, potassium arrest, and the rapid cooling of the heart suspending in the specially designed ice-bath. Median sternotomy provided excellent exposure of the surgical field. 6 \ulcorner0 prolene suture was used for the anastomosis of both atrial cuffs and the great arteries, and we found the fact that stenosis, bleeding, thrombus formation around the anastomotic site could be decreased with the use of everted horizontal mattress suture techniques. Immunosuppression was done with a combination of lower dose Cyclosporin-A, Azathioprine, methyl-prednisolone, but our cases still showed too short survival to worry about graft rejection. Still poor was our quality control of experimental animal, we had much difficulties in postmortem evaluation of the dogs. Low cardiac output due to biventricular failure, intractable supraventricular or ventricular tachyarrhythmia, postoperative massive bleeding, sepsis were most frequent findings that could be thought as a cause of death. A few cases showed subendocardial patch hemorrhage in both ventricular cavity or atrial septum at autopsy, suggesting acute subendocardial infarction. Although our team overcome most of the technical problems of orthotopic heart transplantation, we should pile up further knowledges about donor heart preservation, quality control of animal, infection, rejection, the effect of the cardiopulmonary bypass to improve the results.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers
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• v.12 no.5
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• pp.1121-1129
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• 1988

An economic and efficient system for measuring drop sizes was developed. Pattern recognition technique was used with conventional oil-bath sampling and photographic method. The system was designed to measure and count relatively large number of drops in a very short time, and also to filter out abnormal images such as drops in contact or overlap as well as odd-shaped foreign materials. In this measuring system, most important error originates from the process of converting the original image to the binary image. If the photograph contains a large number of spray drops, the relative size of the pixel to the drops is not infinitesimally small; thus the proper choice of threshold level to convert the original image to the binary image becomes very important. In present case, most of the images lay in one of the two separate bands of brightness level and the arithmetic mean of the most popular brightness levels from each band was chosen as the threshold level. Present image processing system reduces the subjective error by the observers in counting and measuring drops and turns out to be substantially effective. The processing time can be further reduced by improving the hardware system concerned with the digital image coding.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.108-111
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• 2017

A 4-year-old, weighing 7.6 kg, castrated male, Pug presented with ingestion of gastric cavity foreign body. Physical examination revealed panting, retching and hyper-salivation. Blood chemistry and complete blood cell count were normal, but hypophosphatemia was observed. An abdominal radiograph revealed the foreign body (FB), round shape and 2 cm length, at the pyloric region of stomach. A thoracic radiograph revealed an incidental metal FB, 3.5 cm length, at the cranial portion of the diaphragm. An upper gastrointestinal endoscopy was performed to remove the FB in the stomach and then a peach-pit was removed. However the metal FB was not found in the esophagus therefore a lateral thoracotomy was performed. A right lateral thoracotomy through the $7^{th}$ intercostal space was accomplished to expose the right caudal lung lobe. After open the thoracic cavity, foreign body was not observed by gross evaluation and caudal lung lobe was attached to the diaphragm. The FB was identified inside the lung lobe and surrounded by granulation tissue. The metal FB (sewing needle) was removed with blunt dissection and incised lung lobe was sutured using absorbable suture material PDS 4-0 with interrupted suture. A thoracotomy tube was inserted into the thoracic cavity during surgery. Patient's respiration became stable after surgery. A chest tube was removed 3 days after surgery. No complications were noted and the dog was discharged 4 days after surgery. In small animal, foreign body ingestion is a common reason for emergency. After ingestion of the FB, perforation through the esophagus and migration to inside the lung lobe is not common in small animals. In this case, thoracic metal FB was identified incidentally and removal of a thoracic FB with thoracotomy was performed successfully.

• The KIPS Transactions:PartC
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• v.18C no.3
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• pp.179-186
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• 2011

Wireless Mesh Network technology refers to the technology which establishes wireless network whose transmission speed is similar to that of the wire system, and provides more enhanced flexibility in the building of network, compared to the existing wired network. In addition, it has the feature of less mobility and less restriction from the energy effect. However, there follow many considerations such as system overhead in the case of setting or the selection of multi-path. Accordingly, the focus is on the design and optimization of network which can reflect this network feature and the technology to establish path. This paper suggests the methods on the programming of path in Wireless Mesh Network routing by applying the evaluation value of node service, making use of the loss rate of data, the hop count of bandwidth and link and the traffic status of node, considering the performance of link and load in the fitness evaluation function, in order to respond to the programming of multi-path effectively.

• The KIPS Transactions:PartC
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• v.17C no.2
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• pp.189-196
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• 2010

The LEACH does not use flooding method for data transmission and this makes low power consumption. So performance of the WSN is increased. On the other hand, QoS based algorithm which use restricted flooding method in WSN also achieves low power consuming rate by reducing the number of nodes that are participated in routing path selection. But when the data is delivered to the sink node, the LEACH choose a routing path which has a small hop count. And it leads that the performance of the entire network is worse. In the paper we propose a QoS based energy efficient clustering and routing algorithm in WSN. I classify the type of packet with two classes, based on the energy efficiency that is the most important issue in WSN. We provide the differentiated services according to the different type of packet. Simulation results evaluated by the NS-2 show that proposed algorithm extended the network lifetime 2.47 times at average. And each of the case in the class 1 and class 2 data packet, the throughput is improved 312% and 61% each.

• Atmosphere
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.167-178
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• 2005

Using the FSSP-100(FSSP) and Microwave Radiometer (MWR), the fog and clear day characteristics (the size and number concentration of fog particles and the liquid water content) have been measured and analyzed at Daegwallyoung observation site ($37^{\circ}41^{\prime}N$, $128^{\circ}45^{\prime}E$) during 27 - 30 November 2003 (fog day) and 19 January 2004 (clear day). During the fog days, the measured fog-particle size by using FSSP is 0.8~8.4 ${\mu}m$, which is similar to the WMO typical value, the fog number concentration varies from 121 to 200 count ($No./cm^2$) and the fog liquid water content from $0.018g/m^3-0.1g/m^3$ in the site. The precipitable water vapor obtained by the MWR, showing the correlation coefficient $R^2$=0.83 between the total precipitable water vapor obtained from the radio sonde and MWR, shows the larger amount (0.75-8.3 cm) during the fog days than the clear-sky data (0.2 cm).

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Gas
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• v.15 no.6
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• pp.20-27
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• 2011

The consequence analysis (CA) is widely using in the petrochemical plant through adoption of the process safety management (PSM) system, but it has not practical problem that the CA was not reflected effects for employee count, business interruption loss, utility usage, and etc.. In this study, to establish the practical emergency response plan and to achieve risk based management, the consequence based on the damage area and the financial loss were estimated and compared through application on facilities in the petrochemical plant. If the damage area is used, the consequence category must be determined by safety area considering simultaneously damage area, fatality area and toxic area. Also, the consequences based on the financial loss is more practical method for the case of considering process properties and circumstances.

• Journal of the Korea Organic Resources Recycling Association
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.1-11
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• 1996

The effect of seeding on the thermophilic composting of food waste was investigated with selected strains of yeast, thermophilic bacteria and the mixed strains of yeast and bacteria in the lab-scale composter at $50^{\circ}C$. The results demonstrated that in all case the growth of yeasts preceded the growth of thermophilic bacteria by one or two days. The seeding of bacteria alone was ineffective for thermophilic bacterial development and the rapid increase of total thermophilic bacterial count was obtained by mixed seeding of yeasts and bacteria. Moreover, the bacterial growth was accelerated by the addition of yeasts alone. It was revealed that the yeasts removed organic acids from the food waste at the initial period and consequently induced the growth of thermophilic bacteria. The results presented in this paper indicate the indispensable role of yeasts for thermophilic process of food waste composting.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.244-248
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• 2005

This study was conducted to survey the relationship between the somatic cell count (SCC), and California mastitis test (CMT) & mastitis. A total of 328 quarter milk samples were collected from 211 cows suspected to have mastitis; Both SCC and CMT were performed on the samples. Milk smear was stained with Broadhurst and Paley stain and the cells were classified into either epithelial or blood cells. Bacterial isolation was made and antimicrobial susceptibility was tested. Of the 328 quarters, 78 ($23.8{\%}$) were CMT negative with SCC <750,000/ml. As expected, CMT score increased with the increase of SCC. The number of epithelial cells decreased with the increasing number of somatic cells, while the opposite was the case with the number of blood cells. The critical point was when the SCC reached 1,000,000/ml. Up to 1,000,000 cells/ml, the number of epithelial cells was greater than that of blood cells. The results indicate that when epithelia:blood cell ratio is 58.1:41.9, the milking line should be checked and bacterial isolation be performed on the samples in order to identity mastitis.