• 논리연구
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.135-165
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• 2010

이 논문에서 나는 자유론 입장에 대한 터너의 비판에 대해 고찰한다. 그에 따르면, '결과논변'을 포기하지 않는 한, 자유론은 자연주의와 양립할 수 없다. 그는 이러한 주장을 위해 '수반논변'을 제시하는데, 그에 따르면, '수반논변'을 거부하기 위해서는 '결과논변'을 포기하거나 자연주의를 포기해야 한다. 그러나 나는 자유론 입장에서 '결과논변'을 고수한다 하더라도 그의 '수반논변'을 수용할 필요는 없다는 것과 그의 '수반논변'을 수용한다 하더라도 행위자의 자유를 포기할 필요는 없다는 것을 보인다. 이러한 이유들로 나는 자유론 입장에 대한 터너의 비판은 실패한다고 결론짓는다.

• 인문언어
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.301-319
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• 2002

In a recent paper, I have proposed an analysis concerning propositions and 'that'-clauses as a solution to Kripke's puzzle and other similar puzzles, which I now call 'the Indefinite Description Analysis of Belief Ascription Sentences.' I have listed some of the major advantages of this analysis besides its merit as a solution to the puzzles: it is amenable to the direct-reference theory of proper names; it does not nevertheless need to introduce Russellian (singular) propositions or any other new entities. David Lewis has constructed an interesting argument to refute this analysis. His argument seems to show that my analysis has an unwelcome consequence: if someone believes any proposition, then he or she should, ipso facto, believe any necessary (mathematical or logical) proposition (such as the proposition that 1 succeeds 0). In this paper, I argue that Lewis's argument does not pose a real threat to my analysis. All his argument shows is that we should not accept the assumption called 'the equivalence thesis': if two sentences are equivalent, then they express the same proposition. I argue that this thesis is already in trouble for independent reasons. Especially, I argue that if we accept the equivalence thesis then, even without my analysis, we can derive a sentence like 'Fred believes that 1 succeeds 0 and snow is white' from a sentence like 'Fred believes that snow is white.' The consequence mentioned above is not worse than this consequence.

• 논리연구
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.359-387
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• 2015

잘 알려져 있는 것처럼, 결과논변은 자유의지와 결정론이 양립하지 않는다는 것을 보이기 위한 것이다. 최근 최훈 교수는 데이빗슨의 무법칙적 일원론이 결과논변에 대한 대응이론으로 해석될 수 있다는 것을 보이려고 한다. 그러나 나는 그러한 해석에 동의하지 않는다. 따라서 나는 다음과 같은 방식으로 왜 동의하지 않는지 보이려고 한다. 결과논변에 대응하기 위해서는, 무법칙적 일원론은 결과논변의 전제들 중 적어도 하나를 부정할 수 있거나 결과 논변의 타당성을 보증해 주는 베타규칙을 부정할 수 있거나 결과논변의 건전성에도 불구하고 자유의지가 결정론과 양립할 수 있다는 것을 보일 수 있어야 한다. 이 글에서 나는 무법칙적 일원론이 이것들 중 어떠한 것도 해낼 수 없다는 것을 보일 것이다.

• 논리연구
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.197-217
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• 2014

필자는 이전의 여러 논문들에서 이른바 '논란 없는 원리'가 귀납 추론에 토대한 직설법적 조건문과 관련하여 성립하지 않음을 주장했다. 왜냐하면 귀납추론에 토대한 직설법적 조건문 '$A{\rightarrow}_iC$'가 질료적 조건문 '$A{\supset}C$'를 논리적으로 함축함을 받아들이면, 'A'라는 가정 하에서 'C'를 단언적으로 주장하는 경우와 단지 'C'가 참일 개연성이 높음을 주장하는 경우를 구분할 수 없게 되는 부조리한 결과가 발생하기 때문이다. 그러나 양은석 교수는 그의 최근 논문 "논란 없는 원리와 귀납논증"에서 논란 없는 원리에 관한 필자의 주장이 성공적이지 않다고 비판한다. 이 논문에서 필자는 양 교수의 비판이 필자의 논점과 무관함을 주장한다.

• 영어어문교육
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.107-125
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• 2006

This article reports some Korean EFL learners' cognitive tendencies drawn up from their responses to logical fallacies in the argument passages, and its pedagogical implications. The findings of experimental study show the meaningful disparities in three sets of judgment tests designed to identify and explicate faulty arguments: based on the three general types of fallacies using language, emotions, and distraction tactics, subjects on average gained the highest scores in the test questions with language-loaded fallacies and the lowest scores in those with emotion-based ones among the three different types; for this reason, the scores that subjects obtained in the test of distraction-loaded fallacious arguments fell in between the two poles. These discrepancies, mainly based on statistical inferences, support the possibility that the Korean EFL learners are most likely to be manipulated by emotions/distraction- loaded argument tactics than by language-based ones in the three types of fallacious arguments; and, they are least likely to be influenced by language-oriented trickeries. As a consequence, such variances in abilities to recognize the intrinsic elements of logical fallacies suggest some basic instructional approaches to critical reading of argumentative texts with due weights on the Korean EFL learners' culture-specific cognitive tendencies.

• 논리연구
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.163-196
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• 2017

비트겐슈타인은 "논리-철학 논고"에서 러셀의 역설을 해결했다고 선언한다. 그에 따르면, 함수는 그 자신의 논항이 될 수 없다. 만일 함수 F(fx)가 자기 자신의 논항이 될 수 있다고 가정하면, "F(F(fx))"라는 명제가 주어지는데, 이 명제에서 외부 함수 F와 내부 함수 F는 상이한 의미를 갖는다. 그렇게 되면 "F(F(fx))"는 확정적인 뜻을 지닐 수 없다. 그러나 왜 비트겐슈타인은 함수 F(fx)와 "F(F(fx))"를 문제 삼고 있는가? 이 물음에 대답하기 위해서는 우리는 무엇보다도 러셀의 역설에 대해 러셀 자신이 어떻게 해결하려고 시도했는지를 면밀히 검토해야 한다. 오직 러셀의 해결책을 이해할 수 있을 때에만 우리는 비트겐슈타인이 러셀의 역설을 어떻게 해결하려고 했는지를 이해할 수 있다. 특히 비트겐슈타인이 1913년 노르웨이에서 러셀에게 보낸 편지는 우리에게 결정적인 실마리를 제공해 준다.

• 한국언어정보학회지:언어와정보
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.155-183
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• 1998

The purpose of this paper is to explore the syntactic criteria for determining a secondary predicates as a predicate modifier or a conjunction, and to formalize the semantic aspects of the [-ke] structure as a predicate in Korean. Syntactically, the [-ke] structure is considered to be a secondary predicate when the shared arguments appear in both the [-ke] structure and the main verb structure. On the other hand, if they do not appear in both structures, the [-ke] structure is considered to be a connective element. Semantically the [-ke] structure has numerous aspects such as depictives, resultatives, objectivity, and emphasis. The depictives of the secondary predicate can be formalize as $p{\wedge}q$ where p represents a propositional expression of the secondary predicate and q is a propositional expression of the main verb. Resultatives have the logical form $q{\rightarrow}{\Box}p$, because the consequence has to always be true. However, objectivity has the logical form $q{\rightarrow}{\diamondsuit}p$, because the consequence can be either true or false. Emphasis is represented as $q{\rightarrow}p{\uparrow}$ because the secondary predicate represents the polarity of the event.

• 인문언어
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• 제5권
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• pp.93-106
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• 2003

Professor Daihyun Chung has recently presented an intriguing view of Ban-mal(non-honorific expressions) in Korean. He criticizes uses of Ban-mal, on the grounds that they presuppose the existence of hierarchical structures in human beings. Professor Chung also advocates ″a relational theory of Ban-mal″ according to which ascriptions of 'n-mal' should be relativized to the speaker-hearer relationship. He employs this view in showing that uses of Ban-mal indeed presuppose the existence of hierarchical structures in human beings I claim that Professor Chung has not shown the credibility of his relational theory of Ban-mal, and that this very view leads to an unintended and undesirable consequence. Moreover, 1 show that even if we assume that this view is true for the sake of an argument, he is not able to show that uses of Ban-mal indeed presuppose the existence of hierarchical structures. All he can show is rather that uses of 'Ban-mal'(a meta-linguistic expression) presuppose the existence of hierarchical structures. Finally, 1 conclude that what really presupposes the existence of hierarchical structures is the asymmetrical uses of Ban-mal and honorific expressions.

• East Asian Economic Review
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.353-379
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• 2019

This paper aims to determine factors causing the stagnation of Korean firms' fixed investment after the global financial crisis, using panel data for the period of 1999-2016. Fixed investment remained sensitive to cash flow and Tobin's q although their effects decreased after the global financial crisis. A decreasing trend of cash flow and an increase in Tobin's q since the early 2000's imply that the worsening cash flow was a major factor behind the sluggish investment after the crisis. Meanwhile, debt-equity ratio remained significant for non-chaebol affiliated firms, reflecting disparity in access to external financing. Volatility of stock returns also became insignificant after the crisis, casting doubt on the argument that uncertainty was a major factor contributing to the decline of fixed investment. Analysis of financial investment confirmed the significant effect of cash flow, larger than that on financial investment than on fixed investment. In particular, debt repayment and other financial investment, except share repurchase, were sensitive to cash flow. However, the substitution of fixed investment by financial investment is a consequence, rather than a cause of declining fixed investment.

• 대한한의학원전학회지
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• 제30권1호
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• pp.111-133
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• 2017

Objectives : Dryness pathogen, which is one of six pathogenic factors, causes dryness diseases. Currently, the theory on dryness disease is composed of external dryness and internal dryness. External dryness, in turn, is composed of cool dryness and warm dryness. However, these categorizations and their symptoms bear ambiguity for many reasons. Therefore, this paper aims to review various texts in order to study the special features of dryness pathogen and dryness disease. Methods : Texts that deal with dryness pathogen and dryness disease were studied. Most texts are comprised of dissertations and historical medical texts, therefore, CNKI and The Sikuquanshu's databases, and Traditional Chinese Medical(TCM) book webdatabases were utilized. Materials are listed in chronological order, and their main points regarding dryness pathogen and dryness disease are compared. Results & Conclusions : It is difficult to accept the assertion that dryness pathogen does not lead to external dryness. Dryness does not have the elements of chill and fever in itself. Dryness's elements of chill and fever are determined in the ways they combine with each individual element. Moreover, the symptoms of chill and fever on dryness disease are subject to the host's body type. External dryness and internal dryness cannot be discussed within an identical premise. Whereas the dryness in external dryness signifies the cause of a disease, the dryness in internal dryness is the consequence of a disease. In other words, internal dryness revolves around cause of disease and external dryness revolves around the mechanic of disease. It's difficult to determine whether these diseases are caused by dryness or wetness in Autumn. There is an understanding which integrates these together through the Yunqi theory, but it is imperfect.