• Cross-Cultural Studies
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• v.29
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• pp.233-256
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• 2012

This paper aims to look into various symbolic meanings of the body shown in the film, Avatar (2009, James Cameron), and to ponder over a variety of media strategies carried by the pursuit of the corporality shown in this film. In a nutshell, the body in Avatar is a symbol of primitiveness rather than civilization, and the body language is a fundamental and effective means of communication much better than verbal language. A variety of physical contacts that appeared in many scenes of the movie emphasizes the role of the body as a means of real communication. Also, in the composition of the film dominated by the confrontation of civilization, numerous creatures in the planet Pandora with a variety of colors as well as a number of agencies and large body sizes express primitive richness. The narrative of the film telling the story of a 'moving' body ultimately emphasizes the superiority of the body with respect to consciousness, unlike the narrative of conventional movies dealing with the problems of the body. In addition, the corporality pursued by this film implies several important media strategies. It may reveal a self-reflection of the material civilization and the imperialism, or, on the contrary, an attempt to conceal or dilute them. It may also represent a self-reflection of the overdeveloped media technology, or simply the dilution of it. Finally, it may be an attempt to recover the feeling of "presence", not fully supported by the 3D technology, by the identification of the spectator's body and the character's body.

• Journal of architectural history
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.7-16
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• 2017

One of the essential characteristics of Lewis Mumford's architectural criticism is the coherent emphasis on symbolism. Such emphasis stems from his understanding of city and humanity in the context of civilization: first, that the architecture symbolizes institutions of urban civilization; second, that the technical aspect of human nature should be balanced with its artistic aspects. Mumford believed that each architectural type requires an appropriate symbolic expression corresponding to its purpose and that a new symbolic expression, in a new cultural context, should replace the conventional expression. He took symbolism for an intuitional expression, and read multi-layered meanings of architecture: 'practical function' by way of rational reason and 'symbolic function' by way of intuition. He pursued a balance between practicality and beauty to rectify the situation of modern civilization, in which symbolism, the expression of its intuitional aspect, is in crisis. Ultimately, for Mumford, the essential task of architectural critic is of the interpretation of symbolism, aiming at the correspondence and communication between the architect(artist)'s intuition and critic(interpreter)'s via the media of symbol. The critic can play some privileged role of interpreting even symbols unintended by the architect. The ideal architectural critic, after all, would be the one who is able to understand the city, technology and human beings in the perspective of civilization and to interpret the architect's artistic expression in its highest form through intuition. Mumford established himself as such a critic and evaluated the status of aesthetic accomplishment of his contemporary architecture and technological civilization, giving emphasis on the artistic practice in architecture as a solution.

• Cartoon and Animation Studies
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• s.50
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• pp.215-237
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• 2018

I analyze orange that is consistently used, even though not consciously, in the films whose function and meaning are clear. In detail, there are examples of color in films, psychological phenomena of colors expressed in posters and opening titles, color characteristics of clothes and costumes, and semiotic analysis of color names in film titles. (1) Fact and Truth; civilization and criticism. The film tries to tell the truth than the fact. It represents facts as it is, but it presupposes truth. This is a unique characteristic of media films. The truth of the fact is not important. The film tells the truth believing and wanting to show off. The film, which has inherent characteristics of the gap between fact and truth, represents nature and civilization. It carries nature as it is and criticizes the harm of civilization. Orange is nature and civilization. Realistic films such as Hong Sang Soo and Kim Ki Duk, fall into this category. For example, there are A Taxi Driver(2017) and I Can Speak(2017). (2) Virtual History; fake images and memories. In Hollywood SF genres like The Matrix(1999), orange was dealt with virtual reality. However, in Korean films they are replaced by historical dramas. The representation of history becomes a virtual reality. Films such as The Fortress(2017), Masquerade(2012), and Roaring Currents(2014) deal with virtual history. In these films, orange is a fake image and memory. (3) Light=color; Aura. The color and light of orange is aura. At sunrise and sunset, the orange of the incandescent light is almost similar to that of the artificial light. Orange of tungsten makes the real characters surrealistic and mysterious. For example, there are The City of Madness(2016), The Man from Nowhere(2010), and Coinlocker Girl(2014). (4) Fantasy; communication with other worlds. Orange is a sweet fantasy. In our daily life, we go to a supermarket, share a chat with friends in a coffee shop, and spend time in front of a television. Orange makes our life free and dreams. It is the communication between the former being and the other world. This can be found in the sexual fantasy scenes of all genres. For example, there are Sunny(2011), Welcome To Dongmakgol(2005), and 200 Pounds Beauty(2006).

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.14-19
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• 1977

Our social needs many kinds of different circulation method, so the function of communication has been changed the whole situation through the process of many transitions. The form of our civilization is changing into the social which is full of information owing to the development of mass communication. The value of using the information is murk heightening by it's own high dependence. The using of information is being rapidly enlarged, at the same time the development of technique on the information management is caused by the development of communication technique. Thus geometrical operation of both of the above has changed the function of communication. Maybe we will have to present all the primary factors on the communication transition from the social side in order to develop communication method.

• Cross-Cultural Studies
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• v.29
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• pp.257-285
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• 2012

The theme of Caucasus in Russian literature stemmed from A. Pushkin's The Prisoner of the Caucasus (1820) became expended when it reached to writer Bestuzhev-Marlinsky. The writer's magnum opus, Allamat-Bek (1832), was based on a real historical event. Being proponent to the side of Russian ideology, this work strongly presents that the primary task the Russian Imperialist government paused in this region at the time was civilization of the Caucasus through diplomatic and humanistic ways. There are three main protagonists in this work, but Berkhovsky and Sultan Akhmet-Khan are the characters who stand for the contradictory views toward the "war between Russia- Caucasus." While the former, Berkhovsky, thinks that the conflict between the two parties might be solved by means of communication and cooperation, the latter, on the other hand, is opposed to any of peaceful completion of this war. Allamat-Bek, the main hero of this work, however, passes away, going back and forth between loyalty and renegation. The author goes on to describe that Berkhovsky considers the Caucasus as Eden, the land of fruits, unlike Russia which appears as the land of labor. Yet, for Berkhovsky the Caucasus is presented as the land which needs enlightenment. This is the transformation of the so-called typical Western Orientalism. Bestuzhev-Marlinsky does not take side of either evil or good between the Russian Orthodoxy and the Islam, that is the conflict between the two opponent parties. The writer, instead, argues that this is just difference between the familiar and the strange, that is, the svoi and the chuzhoi. What is the very picture the writer wants to show the reader, then, is that it is petty and sad to see the unavoidable violent progress which happened and experienced by the indigenous people during the civilization of the Caucasus by the Russian Imperialist government.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Interior Design Conference
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• 2001.05a
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• pp.112-116
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• 2001

We are facing the new revolutionary age which industrialism and capitalism have been disappearing at tile transition period of civilization. This revolution means the internet, a communication system that is free from the limits of time and space through the establishment of global network. This research aims at finding how the structure of museums and galleries are designed and expressed in the cyber world. It is also intended to analyse factors of their composition.

• Journal of Korean Library and Information Science Society
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• v.26
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• pp.401-440
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• 1997

The purpose of this paper is to study the historical background of the development of bibliography in the Sam-Kug Period. In the Sam-Kug Period, Bibliographic civilization was due to be invented the character. The invention of script was the revolution in communication and education. It is the acceptance of confucianism, Buddhism and Taoism to be influenced by the Bibliogaphy's development in this period. So it has produced a large number of student studying abroad and mission. And they were able to collect lots of books in China. It was various the way that they collected the materials. During one's stay in China as a student, they asked them give the books, or bought it at government expense. Their primary responsibility was to study and collect the classical canon, the Buddhist Sutras etc. Majority of the collected materials were classical canon and the Buddhist Sutras. And it was first copied by calligrapher and printed with the wood-block. Example, Dharani Sutra was found in the second story of Sokkatap pagoda of Pulguksa Temple in 1966. It was put inside the Pagoda when it was built in 751(in the 10th year of king Kyong-Duk). This is the worldwide cultural property of which we are proud. The collected books were annotated by learned priests and confucian scholars. An annotation of the sacred books were based on the Buddhist civilization, the art of printing and the development of bibliography. But we are unha n.0, ppy that it was reduced to ashes lots of the temples and the materials by the effect of war or fire.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.356-366
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• 2008

In the past, design used to be known as graphic design for printing medium. However, these days, through video media or multimedia, it has expanded to convey information thanks to the innovative development of the computer, which is digital civilization. Now design, through elaborate plans and projects, is acknowledged as creative work for communications appealing to emotion comprehensively and to transmit information effectively. This thesis presented a new methodology of mess communication using various elements such as video typography. Furthermore, reflecting feedback from hearing-unpaired people, theological background well grounded and the way to proceed in the future were also addressed.

• International Journal of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.35-41
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• 2017

In the rapid industrialization and civilization, the material and the life have been enriched, but smart phone and the Internet are spreading and the spirit of Korean modern people is falling into addiction without knowing themselves. In particular, according to the recent Internet addiction reported by the National Statistical Office, "the Internet addiction rate in 2014 is the highest among adolescents to 19 years old." This study empirically analyzed whether internet addiction, smart phone addiction, sports activities and reading affect adolescents' emotional intelligence and self-esteem. Regression analysis showed that internet addiction, smart phone addiction and sports activities affected emotional intelligence and reading did not affect. Also, internet addiction, smart phone addiction and sports activities were found to affect self-esteem and reading did not affect. Reading and emotional intelligence, reading and self-esteem seem to require further study in the future.

• Cartoon and Animation Studies
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• s.6
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• pp.193-220
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• 2002

The world being made by computers showing great expanses and complex and various expression provides not simply communication places but also a new civilization and a new creative world. Among these, 3D computer graphics, 3D animation and virtual reality technology wore sublimated as a new culture and a new genre of art by joining graphic design and computer engineering. In this study, I tried to make a diagnosis of possibilities, limits and differences of expression in the area of virtual reality computer graphics animation as a comparison between camera action, angle of actual still camera and film camera and virtual software for 3D computer graphics software - Maya, XSI, Softimage3D.