• Journal of agricultural medicine and community health
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• v.39 no.1
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• pp.25-36
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• 2014

Objectives: The objective of this study was to investigate the relationship between coronary artery calcification and risk factors of cardiovascular disease with multidetector computed tomography. Methods: Data were collected from 5,899 males between 30 and 59 years old by interview, survey, physical examination, blood test, and multidetector computed tomography in the university hospital from January 2010 to December 2011. We confirmed the coronary artery calcium scores of subjects by multidetector computed tomography and identified risk factors of cardiovascular disorders. We investigated the relationship between coronary artery calcification and risk factors of cardiovascular disorders. Results: Mean calcium score of the coronary arteries in 5,899 participants was 8.20, and 773 participants (13.1%) exhibited coronary artery calcification. The presence of coronary artery calcification was correlated to risk factors of cardiovascular disease (age, blood pressure, triglyceride, HDL cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, glucose, Apolipoprotein A-1, Apolipoprotein B, body mass index, waist circumference) and risk assessment tools of cardiovascular disorders. Significant predicted factors of coronary artery calcification had different patterns in each age group (30-39, 40-49, 50-59 years old). Conclusions: We confirmed the relationship between coronary artery calcification and either typical risk factors of cardiovascular disease or risk assessment tools of cardiovascular disease. In addition, we also observed that the pattern of these factors varied according to age. Therefore, age-related variation needs to be considered in management strategies to prevent cardiovascular disease.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.39 no.7 s.264
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• pp.544-548
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• 2006

Background: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the validity of a combined high saphenous vein division and sclerotherapy without sacrificing saphenous vein for varicose vein. Material and Method: Between August 2004 and October 2005, 70 limbs in 50 patients were treated by a combined high saphenous vein division and sclero-therapy. The operative indication is valvular incompetence of femoral-saphenous or popliteal-saphenous junction. Patients received local anesthesia and were treated by a combined high saphenous vein division, ligation of incompetent perforating vein and $1{\sim}3%$ sclerosant. Patients received 1 day hospitalization and applied in com-pression stocking for 6 weeks. Patients followed after 1 week, 1 and 3 months. Result: Mean age of patients was $50{\pm}11$. The female was more common. 8 patients was no symptom, another 42 patients complained of pain, heaviness and fatigue of limbs. The symptoms of varicose vein disappeared 1 month after the procedure in all symptomatic patients. 8 patients needed a adjuvant sclerotherapy for residual varicose vein on 1 week after the procedure. There were only minor complications such as hematoma (1), wound infection (1), thrombophlebitis (20), skin blister (10), hyper-pigmentation (1), and skin ulcer (1). Conclusion: We concluded that a combined high saphenous vein division and sclerotherapy without sacrificing saphenous vein for varicose vein is simple, less invasive, economical, and effective treatment for primary varicose vein, and it has a special advantage that saphenous vein can be used as a bypass conduit later. The method was selective in old aged patients.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.480-488
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• 2002

This study was performed to document the association between obesity, a major risk factor for chronic diseases, and dietary pattern in Korean elderly. The subjects were 595 men and women aged 60-89 years. The subjects were classified into 4 groups based on BMI: under weight, BMI < 18.5, normal weight, 18.5 $\leq$ BMI 22.9; overweight, 23.0 BMI 24.9; and obese BMI $\geq$ 25.0. Dietary intakes by 24-hr recall, blood pressure, anthropometric parameters and health eating index (HEI) were measured. Underweight group was excluded for data analysis doe to small number of subjects, and age-adjusted measurements were compared among normal, overweight and obese groups. The mean anthropometric values for males and females were 23.7 and 24.8 kg/$m^2$ for BMI, 0.90 and 0.86 for WHR and 140.7 and 138.8 mmHg for SBP, respectively. The mean intakes of energy, Ca, vitamin A, vitamin B$_2$, and vitamin E did not meet Korean RDA for elderly. Intakes of fat and cholesterol were low: the percent energy from fat for male and female subjects were 19.1% and 18.1% and mean cholesterol intakes were 208 mg and 152 mg, respectively. Judging by HEI score, dietary quality was better in females than in male subjects. The mean BMI of normal, over and obese groups were 21.4, 23.9, 26.7 kg/$m^2$ in male subjects and 21.6, 23.9, 27.1 kg/$m^2$ in female subjects. WHR, SBP and TSF were increased with increasing BMI No association was found between BMI and nutrient intakes and/or food consumption pattern. However, a tendency was shown that the overweight group reported higher intakes in most nutrients compared to normal and obese groups. This study implies that with increasing BMI, anthropometric risk factors, such as WHR, TSF, and blood pressure were Increased, however, no significant differences were found in nutrient intakes and food patterns. Energy and fat intakes do not seem to be a cause for obesity in Korean elderly.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.225-239
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• 1996

This study was carried out as a part of the semi-longitudinal study on growth and development of Korean children, with purpose of observing the growth change in arch form., 736 pairs, of study models were taken for 3 years. Mesio-distal diameter of each tooth, intercanine width, intermolar width, canine arch depth, molar arch depth and arch perimeters were measured. Afterwards, mean value and each standard deviation of each age group and each gender were obtained, and corresponding graphs were drawn. The following conclusions were obtained : 1. Mesio-distal diameters of maxillary central incisor, maxillary 2nd molar, mandibular canine, and mandibular 2nd molar showed statistical difierences between boys and girls. 2. Intercanine width shows a gradual increase until age of 11. 3. Intermolar width in maxilla shows continuous increase, and the tendency of increase is more apparent between age of 9 and 14. In mandible, various pattern was shown until age of 9, and after, a slight increase. 4. Canine arch depth shows the increasing tendency until age of 13 in maxilla and 11 in mandible. 5. Molar arch depth shows the pattern of increase until age of 10 in male and 9 in female, which is more apparent in maxilla. After age of 9 or 10,dereasing pattrn was significantly shown until age of 15 in maxilla and age of 12 in mandible. 6. Arch perimeters in maxilla and mandible showed gradual increase until age of 10, and the tendency of increase was more apparent in maxilla; however, between the age of 10 and 14, arch perimeters of maxilla and mandible showed gradual decrease which was more apparent in mandible.

• Korean Journal of Weed Science
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.1-15
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• 1989

The seventeen barnyardgrass [Echinochloa crus-galli (L.) Beauv.] accessions, which were collected national-widely in 1986 and selected two times through 1987, were experimented at 1988. To identify the ecological properties of the collected accessions of native barnyardgrass species as a weed, the experiment was conducted with Wagner pots in size of I/500a and under PE film house. 1. Accessions were classified into 5 specific groups in plant type properties by use of data from plant height, number of maximum tillers, erectness, culm length and panicle type, among others. 2. As for species identification, they were clustered into 3 similar groups and 2 individual species by use of data from color, first-glumer type, and erectness. 3. Four groups were identified for elongational properties by plant height of 22 days old seedling, length of culm, panical, leaf length and width, and inter-node and spikelet, among others. 4. Properties on quanititative growth were classified into 4 groups and 1 individual accession corresponding to differential plant height of 22 days old seedling, length of culm, panical, inter-node, leaf-sheath, spikelet, first-glumes length, grain, number of tillers, spike, and grain weight. 5. Due to different daily increasing rate in seedling height, dry weight, number of tillers and ratio in dry weight to plant height, the growth rate properties were clustered into 4 groups and one individual accession. 6. Properties on seedling growth were classified into 4 groups by use of differential date in length and width of first-leaf, plant height, number of tillers, and dry weight of young and medium aged seedling. 7. Responding to heading date, the accessions were classified into 3 groups : temperative sensitive, medium, and short-day length sensitive types, respectively. 8. By integrating of all quanititative and attributable characters, the seventeen accessions were clustered into 4 groups and 2 individual accessions.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.39 no.11 s.268
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• pp.805-809
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• 2006

Background: In our previous study, we demonstrated that transforming growth factor-beta 1 receptor II(TGF-${\beta}1RII$) may have a role in the formation of bullae. In this study, we investigated if expression of transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-${\beta}1$) ligand was altered in a bullous lung tissue by immunohistochemical staining of bullous tissues from patients with primary spontaneous pneumothorax. Material and Method: Bullous lung tissues were obtained from 36 patients with primary spontaneous pneumothorax, including 34 males and 2 females aged 14 to 38 years old. Result: Of the 36 patients, 19 were TGF-${\beta}1$ positive and 24 were transforming growth factor-beta 1 receptor II(TGF-${\beta}1RII$) positive. Among the 19 TGF-${\beta}1$ positives, 15 were also TGF-${\beta}1RII$ positive, observation at high magnification showed that strong immunohistochemical stain was detected in the boundary region between the bullous and normal lung tissues. Conclusion: These results suggest that overexpression of TGF-${\beta}1$ may be involved in the formation of a bulla as well as the alteration of TGF-${\beta}1RII$ expression. Further molecular studies are needed to elucidate the more detailed molecular mechanisms of the bulla formation.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.46 no.4
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• pp.659-666
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• 2004

This study was conducted to assess objective and subjective meat quality traits for imported chilled beef with a high degree of marbling in longissimus muscle with reference to Hanwoo beef Muscle samples of four Wagyu, four Angus, four Hanwoo grade 1, and three Hanwoo grade 3 were purchased from a commercial beef market. The meats had intramuscular fat content of approximately 22, 8, 13 and 4%, and aged for 31, 71, 14 and 14 days, respectively. Imported beef showed a significantly(P<0.05) lower WB-shear force than Hanwoo. However, the instrument measurement did not reflect sensory tenderness and juiciness, which were similar between the four groups. On the other hand, Hanwoo beef showed significantly(P<0.05) favorable flavor intensity. This was likely an indication of more a desirable eating quality for Hanwoo beef, regardless of the level of intramuscular fat content. Discriminant functions of C18: 0, C18: In-7, C18: In-9, C20: 3n-6, C20 : 4n-6 and total n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids classified the domestic and foreign beef products at 100%, despite a noticeable difference between two groups existed only in C18:0. Principle component analysis indicated that subjective flavor intensity was negatively related to C18: 0 and C18: ln-7. The result indicated that C18: 0 could be a possible candidate fatty acid for difference in flavor intensity between two beef groups. The current study demonstrated that the domestic product was more acceptable for Korean consumers. However, it was not identified whether the result was associated with breed, feeding regime, or ageing time. Further studies are required for breed specification in terms of sensory characteristics and consumer preference.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.304-312
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• 2002

The purpose of this study was to assess the sedative effects of four kinds of medication for management in the uncooperative 64 children aged from 18 to 92 months(ASA class I) and weighting between 10 and 32 kg. They were given randomly a dose of chloral hydrate 75mg/kg and hydroxyzine 25mg orally(group 1), midazolam 0.1mg/kg intramuscularly and $N_2O$(group 2), group 1 with additional $N_2O$(group 3) and group 1 with additional midazolam 0.5cc intranasally(group 4), respectively. According to rating scale, sleep, crying, movement and overall behavior were checked for evaluation of the clinical sedative effects. They were restraind with Pediwrap and were monitored by pulse oximeter for safety during treatment period. The results were as follows : 1. In the evaluation of sleep, rating scale of chloral hydrate and hydroyzine combination group was superior to midazolam and $N_2O$ combination group(p<0.001), but there was no significant difference between chloral hydrate, hydroxyzine and $N_2O$ combination group and chloral hydrate, hydroxyzine and midazolam combination group. 2. In the evaluation of crying, movement and overall behavior, there were significant differences between chloral hydrate and hydroxyzine combination group and midazolam and $N_2O$ combination group(p<0.05), but no significant difference between chloral hydrate, hydroxyzine and $N_2O$ combination group and chloral hydrate, hydroxyzine and midazolam combination group. 3. In the evaluation of overall behavior, the mean score of chloral hydrate and hydroyzine combination group was 2.94, midazolam and $N_2O$ combination group 2.07, chloral hydrate, hydroxyzine and $N_2O$ combination group 2.47 and chloral hydrate, hydroxyzine and midazolam combination group 2.24, respectively. 4. Evidence of adverse effect was not detected or reported during and/or after dental treatment.

• Journal of agricultural medicine and community health
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.11-21
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• 2000

This study was conducted to reveal the effects of musculoskeletal risk factor on farmer's syndrome. We sampled 97 farmers aged above 30 in 3 villages of Kyunggi-do. Self-administered questionnaire for general characteristics, farmer's syndrome, musculoskeletal risk factor, blood pressure, and laboratory tests were conducted. According to the score of musculoskeletal risk factor, we divide the subjects high risk group and low risk group. The most common musculoskeletal risk factor is repetitiveness, bending of waist and rapid movement in order. The prevalence of farmer's syndrome of all subjects is 28.9%. In female the prevalence of farmer's syndrome(45.2%) is higher than in male(16.4%) significantly. High musculoskeletal risk group had higher score of farmer's syndrome(5.9) than low musculoskeletal risk group(4.4). The most common symptom is lumbago(76.3%), the second was numb limb and shoulder stiffness(54.6%, 54.6%). The prevalence of numb limb and shoulder stiffness higher in high musculoskeletal risk group than low musculoskeletal risk group, but that of lumbago did not show significant differences. In linear regression, score of farmer's syndrome was related to musculoskeletal risk factor as well as gender. Blood pressure and laboratory test did not show significant differences between two groups. These results suggest that musculoskeletal risk factor would influence farmer's syndrome. Further ergonomic evaluation and intervention of farmer's works and musculoskeletal diseases are needed.

• Pediatric Infection and Vaccine
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.35-44
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• 2018

Purpose: This study aimed to evaluate the immunogenicity and safety of a trivalent inactivated influenza vaccine (TIV) among healthy Korean children and adolescents. Methods: From October to December 2008, 65 healthy patients aged 6 months to 18 years who visited Korea University Ansan Hospital for influenza vaccination were enrolled in this study. We measured the hemagglutinin inhibition antibody titers at baseline and 30 days after vaccinating enrollees with split influenza vaccine and calculated the seroprotection rates, geometric mean titers, and seroconversion rates. Local and systemic adverse events were assessed after vaccination. Results: The seroprotection rates against all three viral strains (A/H1N1, A/H3N2, B) were 87.7%, 89.2%, and 89.2% (${\geq}70%$), respectively; seroconversion rates were 44.6%, 73.8%, and 63.1% (${\geq}40%$), respectively; and seroconversion factors were 4.5, 8.4, and 10.5 (>2.5), respectively. The TIV immunogenicity was acceptable according to the CPMP (Committee for Proprietary Medicinal Products) criteria. Although 48 patients (73.8%) reported one or more adverse events, no severe adverse events such as anaphylaxis and convulsion were observed. Forty-two patients (64.6%) reported a local skin reaction, including redness (29.2%), pain (43.1%), or swelling (41.5%) of the injected site, and 26 (40.0%) reported a systemic reaction: fatigue (23.1%), myalgia (20.0%), headache (10.8%), arthralgia (10.8%), chills (9.2%), or fever (7.7%). Conclusions: This study shows that the immunogenicity of the TIV vaccine is acceptable. As there were no serious adverse events aside from local reactions and mild systemic reactions, this vaccine can be safely used among healthy Korean children and adolescents.