• Journal of the Korea Fashion and Costume Design Association
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.123-138
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• 2004

The objective of this study is to review the expressive effect of fashion illustrations and to enlarge its expressive range by analysing the correlations between fashion illustrations and surrealistic expressive characteristics. The results are as follows. The surrealistic expressive methods of fashion illustration such as depaysement and automatism have been used by many foreign and domestic fashion illustrators. I think that these methods reinforce the subjective aspect of expressive effects and enlarge the transmitting function of fashion message. The elements of expression are divided into color, texture, shape/form and space. Subjective colors rather than natural colors are used for the surrealistic expressive effect of color in fashion illustrations, and illusion of space is expressed by the change of brightness. The surrealistic expressive effect in fashion illustrations distorted the experience of factual texture and disturbed the visual texture. The use of tactile texture presented strange effects perspectively. The objects of shape in fashion illustrations were mainly human body. The form of human body presents reconstituted and reinterpreted figure by transformation or distortion according to the intention of the artist rather than realistic and physical form. In fashion illustration, the transformation of the human body itself whose body parts get separated, superposition of exterior material and human body, and the distortion of human body by the change are done. Space is where background and shapes are inter-penetrated because they are ambiguous and untransparent, and where all are in disorder and unbalance. The method of projection uses distance perspective, multiple perspective and amplified perspective representation, and forms a psychological space feeling. And I think the use of surrealistic expressive methods are very useful for the subjective sensitiveness and the transmission of a fashion message, and presents a possibility to develop a new expressive method.

• Journal of Adhesion and Interface
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.21-27
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• 2013

Cellulose-based rayon fibers or fabrics can be thermally decomposed very fast within a narrow temperature window during stabilization process. Therefore the stabilization stage is critically important for producing rayon-based carbon fibers. Consequently, in the present study the effects of isothermal stabilization and ultrasonic cleaning on the weight loss, chemical composition, microstructure, and fabric texture of cellulose-based rayon fabrics were explored. The temperature of the isothermal stabilization process performed in the range of $200{\sim}240^{\circ}C$ influenced the processing time, carbon and oxygen contents, cellulose structural change, and fabric texture. The ultrasonic cleaning, which was conducted prior to the stabilization process, played a role in shortening the stabilization time, increasing the carbon contents, decreasing the oxygen contents, and changing the XRD pattern. Also, it was considered that the ultrasonic cleaning contributed to retarding the weight loss, to reducing the thermal shrinkage, and further to reducing the fast physical change of rayon fabrics.

• Korean journal of food and cookery science
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.75-80
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• 1987

For the manufacture of soybean cheese, curds were made from soy milk using either lactic starter or CaCl$_2$and ripened for 3 weeks. When papain was added during ripening, the amout of soluble protein increased. The yields of 3 soybean cheese were 76~88%, indicating that considerable loss of soy protein did not occur during the processing. During the period of ripening the change of moisture content was about 1 n. Total acidity of 3 soy cheese increased, demonstrating the production of lactic acid through lactic fermentation. Texture determined by Instron showed that 3 soy cheese had their own characteristic texture profile curve and that the cheese without papain treatment received the highest textural parameters. 3 manufactured soy cheese received 3-4 (good-very good) sensory scores in appearance, flavor and texture. General acceptibility of 3 cheese were evaluated as desirable or very desirable.

• Journal of Dairy Science and Biotechnology
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.57-60
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• 2008

During cheese ripening, the textural properties of cheese undergo significant changes from short, grainy, irregular to smooth, homogeneous and connected (well-net) structure. To make this change, many biochemical reactions occur during ripening and there have been tremendous researches in this topic for decades. In this review, several key parameters, such as cheese composition (especially cheese moisture and cheese pH), proteolytic activity and changes in Ca equilibrium will be discussed to understand the development of cheese texture during ripening.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.98-101
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• 1988

A pure columnar cholesterogen based on the octasubstituted phthalocyanine $(PcH_2)$, S-(+)-2, 3, 9, 10, 16, 17, 23, 24-octakis[5-(dodecyloxy)-2-oxa-pentyl]-phthalocy anine(1a), is described. To evaluate a cholesteric character of 1a, the corresponding achiral $PcH_2$ 1b and the copper complex of chiral $PcH_2$ 1a (CuPc), S-(+)-2,3,9,10,16,17,23,24-octakis[4-(dodecyloxy)- 2-oxapentyl]-phthalocyanine(2a) were also prepared. The chiral 1a exhibited a typical cholesteric texture change in which the transition of platelet (blue phase) to fan-shape texture was observed (K－M－I), whereas the corresponding achiral 1b showed only a focal conic texture (K－ M－I). This is the first instance of a pure columnar cholesterogen observed with discotic liquid crystal systems.

• Journal of Wellbeing Management and Applied Psychology
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.31-42
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• 2024

Purpose: Open-air dumping is a significant problem in Gilgit City, with limited research analyzing waste generation and its physicochemical impact on the soil. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of open dumping on soil properties and compare them with a controlled site. Research Design, data, and Methodology: Using ANOVA, the study found significant differences in electrical conductivity (EC), soil organic matter (SOM), soil organic carbon (SOC), sand, silt, and clay between the two sites, except for pH. Pearson correlation revealed that pH negatively correlated with EC, sand, and silt, but positively with SOM, SOC, and clay. The control site's mean EC was 6.06 mS/m, whereas the dumping site recorded 8.5 mS/m. EC is inversely related to SOM, SOC, silt, and clay, but directly to sand. SOC and SOM values varied significantly, with notable differences in soil texture components like clay and silt. Results: The research highlights the detrimental effects of unsystematic waste dumping on soil health and its contribution to greenhouse gas emissions, particularly methane, which exacerbates climate change. Conclusion: The study concluded that waste deposition and decomposition significantly impact EC, SOM, SOC, and soil texture, though pH remains unchanged. The unsystematic dumping of solid waste contributes to climate change through methane production, a potent greenhouse gas. To mitigate these impacts, the study recommends regular monitoring, waste prevention, recycling strategies, and continuous training for stakeholders to achieve sustainable development.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 1995.07c
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• pp.1098-1101
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• 1995

NbTi thin films were prepared on Si wafer and Cu substrate by rf magnetron sputtering in the range of sputtering pressure $3{\times}10^{-2}$torr to $3{\times}10^{-4}$torr at room temperature. The influence of sputtering pressure and substrate type on crystallographic orientation and morphology of NbTi thin films was investigated by using X-ray diffraction(XRD) and scanning electron microscopy(SEM), respectively. And the effect of crystallographic orientation and morphology of NbTi film on electromagnetic behaviors was estimated by measuring critical current in various applied magnetic field. The film morphology changed from porous structure consisting of tapered crystallites to densely deposited film decreasing with sputtering pressure. The change of crystallographic orientation with the sputtering pressure and rf power was calculated from the texture coefficient of(002) plane based on XRD patterns. It was found that a change of texture coefficient of(002) plane increased with decreasing sputtering pressure. From observation of critical current in various applied magnetic field, we have identified that the change of critical current abruptly decrease applying with magnetic field and NbTi film produced at high sputtering pressure does not exhibit superconductivity but at low sputtering pressure shows superconductivity.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 2008.10b
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• pp.268-269
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• 2008

Moving object detection is a fundamental technique in visual surveillance. Robust technique to enhance performance of moving object detection is required for several bad conditions in real external circumtance. In case of sudden illumination change in outdoor condition, many objects are determined as moving object though they are not really moving, but just their illumination changes. This makes the detection result untrustworthy. In this paper, robust moving object detection to sudden illumination change using gaussian mixture background model and new texture information using background from the weighted sum of recent images is proposed.

• The Journal of Pediatrics of Korean Medicine
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.101-109
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• 2001

A clinical observation by the tongue change as a diagnostic method was made on 36 week children visited to Dongeui Oriental Medical Hospital from August. 2001 to December 2001 and the observed results were summarized as follows. 1. Their symptoms have been observed with sequences of Resparatory diseases, Digestive, Neuromotor, Psycho-neurological, Urogenital diseases 2. Distribution of sex : male 22 cases, female 14 cases 3. Distribution of age : 0-6 years 24 cases, 7-18 years 12 cases 4. The texture of tongue was resulted in tongue color in pink-28 cases, red-8 case, and shape in thin-18 cases, swelling-6 cases, a fissured patten-5 cases, a prickly patten-4 cases, and a map patten-3 cases, and fur of the tongue in thin-26 cases, moisten-8 cases, deep-2 cases, and coating color of the tongue in thin and whitish-15 cases, thin and yellowish-9 cases, lack-8 cases, deep and whitish-4 cases. 5. The texture of tongue in connection with weak children was come out mostly normal state and the rest red color, a fissured patten, a prickly patten, deep coating, thin and yellowish etc appeared to cause of slight damage due to exogenous pathogenic fators and due to internal injury.

• Journal of Photoscience
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.11-15
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• 1998

The texture change of non-linear optical molecules at the air/water interface was investigated as a function of surface pressure with Brewster angle microscopy. The texture change resulted from the aggregation of dye molecules is important to understand the film uniformity and grain formation process. The 4-Octadecylhydroxy-4'-nitrostilbene (OHNS) generated the small spots of size around 1$\mu$m. The spots exhibit high contrast with other film area and do not show angle dependent reflectivity change. It is interesting to observe that the size of the domain stays the same as the film pressure increases. At high surface pressure, the contrast ratio of domains becomes high, which means dense packing of OHNS. And, the size of domain grows. In the middle of domain, highly contrasted domains are formed. The first and the second order transitions of OHNS observed from surface pressure-area isotherm result from the two types of grains. The N,N-Dihexadecylcyanoaniline (DHCA) formed highly contrasted gains over entire region, and the grains are the double layers. The difference in Langmuir film of OHNS and DHCA at the air/water interface is consistent with the small tilt angle from the surface normal for OHNS and the large tilt angle for DHCA in the Langmuir-Blodgett films.