• 한국치위생학회지
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• 제15권6호
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• pp.1009-1017
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• 2015

Objectives: The study aimed to investigate the effect of communication competence on the organizational effectiveness in dental hygienists. Methods: A self-reported questionnaire was completed by 248 dental hygienists in Seoul, Incheon, and Gyeonggido from November 1 to 30, 2014. The questionnaire consisted of general characteristics of the subjects(4 items), job characteristics(10 items), communication competence(49 items), organizational commitment(15 items), job satisfaction(16 items), and turnover intention(5 items). The instrument for communication competence and organizational commitment was done by Likert 5 points scale. Data were analyzed by t test, one way ANOVA, stepwise multiple regression test, and post-hoc Scheffe test using SPSS 18.0 program Results: The average of communication competence was 3.49(${\pm}0.28$). Of the sub-factors of communication competence, interpretational competence had the highest score of 3.65(${\pm}0.33$) followed by self-presentation 3.50(${\pm}0.49$), message conversion 3.50(${\pm}0.47$), role performance 3.44(${\pm}0.37$), and goal setting competence 3.28(${\pm}0.60$). There were significant effects in the organizational commitment including workplace(dental clinic=1, ${\beta}$=-0.254), weekly average working hours($${\leq_-}40$$ hours=1, ${\beta}$=0.182), role performance(${\beta}$=0.163), self-presentation(${\beta}$=0.144), goal setting competence(${\beta}$=0.130), and position(head=1, ${\beta}$=0.137). There were significants effects in the job satisfaction including position(head=1, ${\beta}$=0.217), weekly average working hours($${\leq_-}40$$ hours=1, ${\beta}$=0.204), education level(graduate school=1, ${\beta}$=0.184), job career(3~6 years=1, ${\beta}$=-0.181), goal setting competence(${\beta}$=0.194), and interpretational competence(${\beta}$=0.124). Conclusions: The communication competence of the dental hygienists showed a partial effect on the organizational effectiveness. In order to improve the organizational commitment and job satisfaction and the turnover intention, a variety of efforts must be taken and focused on goal setting competence, role performance, self-presentation, and interpretational competence.

• 한국노년학
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• 제41권1호
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• pp.149-168
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• 2021

본 연구는 만성질환 노인의 약물이행을 측정하기 위한 도구(Medication Adherence Scale in Elderly, MAS-E)를 개발하고 신뢰도와 타당도를 검증하는 방법론적 연구이다. MAS-E는 혼종모형을 이용한 내용 분석에 의해 개념적 기틀을 구성하고 이를 기반으로 문항을 구성하고 내용타당도를 검증하여 예비문항을 구성하였고 문항을 검토한 후 예비 조사를 실시하여 총 26문항을 최종 확정하여 본 조사를 실시하였다. 설문조사 자료는 일대일 인터뷰를 통해 지역사회에 거주하는 만성질환 노인 345 명으로부터 수집되었다. 도구평가를 위해 신뢰도와 타당도를 검증하고 검증결과를 기반으로 최종 문항을 확정하여 만성질환 노인의 약물이행 도구(MAS-E)를 개발하였다. 타당도 검증에서 문항분석, 요인분석, 총점-요인 간 상관관계를 통해 4개 요인과 18문항이 도출되었으며-약물사용 기억하기(2문항), 약물효과에 대한 기대(5문항), 처방과 지시에 따른 약물사용 실천(8문항), 의료인과의 소통(3문항), 전체 18문항은 분산의 69.7 %를 설명하는 것으로 나타났다. 최종 도구의 총점-요인 간 상관관계는 모두 유의한 상관관계를 나타냈다. 준거타당도 검증 결과, 개발된 도구는 Morisky Medication Adherence Scale (MMAS-8)과 유의하게 양의 상관관계(r = .72, p <.001)를 나타냈다. 신뢰도 검증에서 문항내적 일관성 신뢰도 Cronbach'α는 .906, Guttman 반분검사 신뢰도는 .804, 검사-재검사 신뢰도는 .912로 나타나 개발된 도구는 안정적이고 일관성을 확보하였다. 본 연구를 통해 개발된 MAS-E는 타당도와 신뢰도가 모두 검증된 도구로서 만성질환 노인의 약물이행 정도를 평가하고 약물이행 개선을 위한 중재연구의 효과 평가에 활용될 수 있을 것이다

• 한국보건간호학회지
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.152-170
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• 1997

The purpose of this study was to identify physical. psychological. sexual and socio-cultural problems that the adolescents have experienced and to assess the demands of counseling about the experienced problems. The design of this study was descriptive-survery study. The sample size was 601 middle and high school students. Data analysis was done by frequencies. Percent. t -test. ANOVA. Pearson correlation coefficiency, stepwise regression and Cronbach's $\alpha$ Score was produced for the reliability of the tool by using the item analysis method. The results was as follows : 1. The distribution of the each item that the adolescents experienced according to the physical, psychalogical. Sexual and Socio-cultural problem Categories was examined. In the physical problem category, the number of items that half and more than half of the adolescents experienced of often or frequently were 10 among all 19 items. In the psychological problem category. 13 item were among all 19 items. In the sexual problem category, 1 item among all 17 items and in the socio-cultural problem category, 10 items were among all 30 items. 2. The distribution of the each items that the adolescents wanted to the counseling according to the physical. psychological. sexual and socio-cultural problem categories was examined. In the physical problem category, the numbers of the items that half and more than half of the adolescents wanted counseling were 1 among all 19 items. In the psychological problem category, the numbers of the items that half and more than half of the adolescents wanted counseling were 2 items among all 19 items. In the sexual problem category, 0 item among all 17 items and in the socio-cultural problem category, 2 items were among all 30 items. 3. In the comparison of the female student and male student about the experienced problems and the demands of counseling according to the physical. psychological. sexual and socio-cultural problem categories. There was a significant difference statistically in all categories between groups(P<.001) 4. In the comparison of high school students and middle school students about the demands of counseling according to the physical. psychological. sexual and socio-cultural problem categories(P<.001). Particulary, grade II of high school students have experienced problems according to the physical. psychological. sexual and socio-cultural problem categories. There was a significant difference statistically in all categories(P<.001). 5. In the correlation between the experienced problem and the demands of counseling according to 4 categories. there was the positive correlation at P<.001 level. 6. The less the satisfaction for family and school life. the more experienced problems according to the physical. psychological. sexual and socio-cultural problem categories. There was a significant difference statistically in all categories(P<.001).

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제30권3호
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• pp.549-559
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• 2000

The purpose of this study was to investigate the correlation between the knowledge and educational needs related to recurrent in coronary artery bypass graft patients as a basis to provide an individual nursing education for the population. The subjects consisted of 110 patients who had coronary artery bypass graft(CABG) at Asan Medical Center in Seoul and Sechong hospital in Buchon. Data was obtained from a knowledge questionnaire and a learning needs questionnaire between November 1998 and February 1999. Data were analyzed using SAS program for Wilcoxon rank sum test and Spearman correlation coefficient. The results were as follows : 1. With regard to the 18 items to measure knowledge, the mean (median) of items 'don't know' was 4.9(4) items. The mean (median) of items answered wrong was 3.2(3) items. The number of items answered 'don't know' tend to show higher in those who had less education, blue color jobs and myocardiac infarction history than in their counter parts. There were higher frequency of items answered 'don't know' in those who had no hypertension 2. With regard to the level of knowledge by questionnaire about CABG, The most "I dont know" (59.1%) highly response was 'He has to be treated with anticoagulant drug to prevent revasculized vessel from obstructing.' The seond highest response (56.4%) was 'If you were hypotensive, the coronary attack would collapse. 'During the hospitalized day, the patient has complete bedrest.' The highest error probability was cholesterol has not to intake.', 'After surgery, the sexual life is need controlled for 1 year. 3. The mean of educational needs was 3.38. With regard to the level of learning needs by sentence about CABG, 'Food that benefit heart disease', 'Recurrence possibility of heart disease', 'Management method of operation site', 'Risk symptom that visit hospital or report immediately' were higher than other sentenses. With regard to the level of learning needs by factor 'food(5 items)', 'disease(9 items)' and 'exercise(3 items)' showed the highest than other factors. The educational needs by patients characteristics tend to show higher in males, under the age of 49, middle or high school degree, previous experience of admission with coronary artery disease, history of myocardial infarction, expierience of PTCA, history of cerebro-vascular accident, previous expierience of smoking than in their counter parts. 4. The number of items answered 'don't know', wrong and correct weren't correlated with the level educational needs. As the results, the number of items answered 'don't know' tend to show higher in those who had less educated, blue color jobs and myocardiac infarction history than in their counter parts. There were higher frequency of items answered 'don't know' in those who had no hypertension .There were higher frequency of items answered 'don't know' on anti-thrombolitic theraphy, hypotension and pain relief. Also there were higher frequency of items answered wrong on bed rest period, cholesterol intake, and sexual life. Educational needs were higher in young age group, had previous experience of procesure and history of other disease. And when we educate CABG patients, education for diet, recurrence possibility of disease, management methods of operation site and risk symptom should be emphasized.

• 말소리와 음성과학
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• 제2권4호
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• pp.193-212
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• 2010

The purpose of our study was to provide effective speech evaluation items examining the variables of speech that successfully predict the speech intelligibility in CP children. The subjects were 55 children with spastic type cerebral palsy. As for the speech evaluation, we performed a speech subsystem evaluation and a speech intelligibility test. The results of the study are as follows. The evaluation task for the speech subsystems consisted of 48 task items within an observational evaluation stage and three levels of severity. The levels showed correlations with gross motor functions, fine motor functions, and age. Second, the evaluation items for the speech subsystems were rearranged into seven factors. Third, 34 out of 48 task items that positively correlated with the syllable intelligibility rating were as follows. There were four items in the observational evaluation stage. Among the nonverbal articulatory function evaluation items, there were 11 items in level one. There were 12 items in level two. In level three there were eight items. Fourth, there were 23 items among the 48 evaluation tasks that correlated with the sentence intelligibility rating. There was one item in the observational evaluation stage which was in the articulatory structure evaluation task. In level one there were six items. In level two, there were eight items. In level three, there was a total number of eight items. Fifth, there was a total number of 14 items that influenced the syllable intelligibility rating. Sixth, there was a total number of 13 items that influenced the syllable intelligibility rating. According to the results above, the variables that influenced the speech intelligibility of CP children among the articulatory function tasks were in the respiratory function task, phonatory function task, and lip and chin related tasks. We did not find any correlation for the tongue function. The results of our study could be applied to speech evaluation, setting therapy goals, and evaluating the degree of progression in children with CP. We only studied children with the spastic type of cerebral palsy, and there were a small number of severe degree CP children compared to those with a moderate degree of CP. Therefore, when evaluating children with other degrees of severity, we may have to take their characteristics more into account. Further study on speech evaluation variables in relation to the severity of the speech intelligibility and different types of cerebral palsy may be necessary.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제50권1호
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• pp.38-59
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• 2017

Objectives: Few attempts have been made to develop a generic health-related quality of life (HRQoL) instrument and to examine its validity and reliability in Korea. We aimed to do this in our present study. Methods: After a literature review of existing generic HRQoL instruments, a focus group discussion, in-depth interviews, and expert consultations, we selected 30 tentative items for a new HRQoL measure. These items were evaluated by assessing their ceiling effects, difficulty, and redundancy in the first survey. To validate the HRQoL instrument that was developed, known-groups validity and convergent/discriminant validity were evaluated and its test-retest reliability was examined in the second survey. Results: Of the 30 items originally assessed for the HRQoL instrument, four were excluded due to high ceiling effects and six were removed due to redundancy. We ultimately developed a HRQoL instrument with a reduced number of 20 items, known as the Health-related Quality of Life Instrument with 20 items (HINT-20), incorporating physical, mental, social, and positive health dimensions. The results of the HINT-20 for known-groups validity were poorer in women, the elderly, and those with a low income. For convergent/discriminant validity, the correlation coefficients of items (except vitality) in the physical health dimension with the physical component summary of the Short Form 36 version 2 (SF-36v2) were generally higher than the correlations of those items with the mental component summary of the SF-36v2, and vice versa. Regarding test-retest reliability, the intraclass correlation coefficient of the total HINT-20 score was 0.813 (p<0.001). Conclusions: A novel generic HRQoL instrument, the HINT-20, was developed for the Korean general population and showed acceptable validity and reliability.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.531-543
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• 1996

This study was done to develop a Maternal Identity Scale for Pregnant Women and to test the validity and reliability of the scale. A convenience sample of 161 pregnant women were asked to complete the MISP questionnaire which consisted of 45 item, this was done from December 20, 1995 to January 15, 1996. The research procedure were as follows. The first step was to identify a conceptual definition of maternal identity using Robin(1984)'s maternal identity and maternal experience during pregnancy. The second step was to operationalize the maternal identity, that is, perception of image possible of selves as mother, maternal role play by imagination, and the experiences of various emotional responses which are embedded in the mother-fetus dyad. The third step was item development which resulted in 45 items as appropriate measurement of maternal identity are except for the perception of image possible of selves as mother. The result findings were as follows : 1) Four factors for MISP (finally 40 items) were extracted through the principal component analysis and varimax rotation, and these contributed 49.3% of the variance in the total score. All 40 items in the scale loaded above .43 on one of 4 factors. 2) Each factor was named : factor 1 was named maternal role imagery and has 10 items, factor 2 was named happiness and has 11 items, factor 3 was named maternal fetal interaction and has 10 items, and the last factor 4 was named negative emotion and has 9 items. 3) Cronbach's -alpha coefficient for internal consistsncy was .92 for the total 40 items and .89, .90, .86, .78 for the four subscales in that order. Recommendations are suggested below : 1) The developed MISP be used to assess maternal readiness in pregnancy. 2) Replication study be done to test validity and relaibility. 3) For the overall measure of Maternal Identity in Pregnancy, scale for the perception of image possible of selves as mother, and cognitive domain be reorganized for the maternal identity in pregnancy. 4) It is necessary to identify variables that influences maternal pregnancy. 5) It Is necessary to identify that maternal identity in pregnancy is a reliable index of motherhood, to do correlation studies on maternal identity and major maternal variables in maternal transition period, to reoperationalize the maternal identity in postpartum, and finally to designate a longitudinal study of the maternal identity changes or stabilities.

• 한국의상디자인학회지
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.85-97
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• 2013

The purpose of this study was to examine purchasing conditions and consumer complaint for outdoor sportswear items. The data used for a study were the complaint facts of 256 cases that were received at the Consumer Complaint Center of Gyeongnam YWCA during the period from July 2011 to April 2013. The statistical methods used to analyze data were Frequency Analysis and $x^2$-test by SPSS 14. The results of purchasing conditions analysis for outdoor sportswear items were as follows. According to outdoor sportswear items, purchasing place, purchasing price, and materials showed significant difference. The department store showed the highest ratio, but the ratio showed difference according to items. The price between over 100,000 won and under 200,000 won was most in case of T-shirts, padding, down jumper, aloha shirts, and pants. It showed as T-shirts and pants mixed spinning materials the most, jacket, padding, and down jumper used polyester the most, aloha shirts used cotton the most. The results of consumer complaint analysis for outdoor sportswear items were as follows. As a result of difference analysis for complaint occurrence place according to outdoor sportswear items, a laundry showed the highest ratio. As a result of difference analysis for the period used outdoor sportswear items until complaint occur, there was no significant difference. As a result of difference analysis for complaint type and contents according to outdoor sportswear items, the complaint types and contents were classified largely as change of color, change of shape, change of surface and touch, breakdown of subsidiary materials, and others.

• 대한가정학회지
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• 제41권6호
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• pp.1-12
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• 2003

The purpose of this study were to analyze the anthropometric data of feet of Korean women with aging, to categorize the women's foot shapes, and to compare the shoe size according to the foot shapes in order to provide the basic information for more comfortable shoes. Subjects of this study were 181 women over age 20. They were measured with the direct measurement method and the indirect measurement method. 26 items were measured from the right foot and 6 items were taken on foot outline. Factor analysis, cluster analysis, analysis of variance, post-hoc test, and cross tabs were peformed for statistical analysis of the data by SPSS program. There were significant differences in height items, breadth items, girth items, and angle items by subjects' age. The older subjects' feet were wide and thick with big deformity on toes. The arch height of the older ones was low. This implicates that the degree of deformity on toes, the foot ratio, the foot girth, the foot breath and the arch height as well as the foot length are needed to be considered in developing comfortable shoes. Nine foot construction factors were extracted by the factor analysis of anthropometric measurements; foot size factor, heel and instep factor, malleolus lateralis factor, malleolus medialis factor, foot shape factor, shape of toes factor, heel height factor, big toe height factor, and internal factor. On the basis of the cluster analysis, three different foot shapes were categorized. Type 1 was large and wide foot with little deformity on little toe. Type 2 was medium foot with deformation of big toe, and with the lowest arch height. Type 3 was small and narrow foot with the highest arch height. Distribution of shoe size according to the foot shape was analyzed. The ball of foot breath was of wide distribution than the ball of foot girth. This implicates that girth items and breath items of the foot should be enclosed for the same foot length in the shoe sizing system.

• 한국컴퓨터정보학회논문지
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.225-238
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• 2022

인공지능 리터러시에 대한 중요성이 증가하고 있지만, 인공지능 리터러시를 측정하기 위한 검사 도구가 부족한 상황이다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 중학생의 인공지능 리터러시를 측정하기 위한 검사 도구를 개발하였다. 검사 도구 개발을 위하여 전문가 집단을 구성하고, 검사 도구의 요인과 문항을 개발하였다. 개발한 검사 도구의 신뢰도와 타당도를 확보하기 위하여 현장 적합성 검토, 탐색적 요인 분석, 확인적 요인 분석을 진행하였다. 이러한 연구를 통하여 6개의 하위 영역과 30개의 문항을 가진 검사 도구를 개발하였다. 검사 도구의 하위 영역은 인공지능의 사회적 영향(8문항), 인공지능의 이해(6문항), 인공지능 실행 계획(5문항), 인공지능 문제 해결(5문항), 데이터 리터러시(4문항), 인공지능 윤리(2문항)가 있다. 검사 도구는 5점 리커트 척도로 응답하게 개발되었으며, 내적 일치도 계수는 전체가 .970이며, 하위 영역은 .861~.939이었다. 본 연구는 인공지능 리터러시의 발달 과정 분석, 교수-학습, 교육과정 등의 연구에 활용될 수 있다.