• Journal of Convergence for Information Technology
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• v.12 no.5
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• pp.116-125
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• 2022

Recent aspects of terrorism varies in various ways according to means, targets, and regions. In particular, the 9/11 terrorist attacks in the United States in 2001 changed the paradigm of each country's terrorism, and the South Korea also participated in the enactment and enforcement of the Anti-Terrorism Act in 2016. Based on this, CBRN terrorism is included in general terrorism, and the National Police Agency plays the role of a control tower, and a system supported by related organizations such as the Ministry of Environment is being built and operated. However, restrictions were confirmed in the organizational system, manpower composition, and equipment and materials in operation in preparation for CBRN within the police. Based on the identified limitations, we proposed improvement plans to strengthen the capacity for CBRN terrorism: establishing a dedicated CBRN organization; creating research organization; and securing additional dedicated personnel. Based on this, as an improvement plan to strengthen the capability of CBRN, the establishment of an organization dedicated to CBRN and a research organization within the National Police Agency, and expansion of electronic equipment suitable for the characteristics of CBRN were proposed. It is expected that the police's on-site response capability system for CBRN terrorism will be strengthened via the proposed improvement measures to recover the various restrictions on the response to CBRN terrorism.

• Journal of Korea Society of Industrial Information Systems
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.23-31
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• 2009

Since 9.11 terrorist attacks against the USA, the new paradigm for "supply chain security" has been established. And at the same time a lot of researches are being made on supply chain security by many foreign companies or research institutes. However, domestically the terms "supply chain security" themselves are not yet familiar, and the paradigm of security are not being used in the logistics, while little researches are being made on them But recently along with development of "ConTracer," a supply chain security technology, which is to be used as the equipment for container cargo transportation safety based on RF1D technology, related researches have begun to be activated. The key issues for the development of equipment for container transportation safety are to obtain both a high recognition rate and enough recognition distance. To this end, this study has tested the ConTracer (433 MHz type and 2.4 GHz type) by using Taguchi Method. According to our test results, in the case of 433 MHz type, it is a little more effective that the reader faces to the front-right side, and in the case of 2.4 GHz, reader direction does not make difference in the view of sensitivity. The test also has proved that it is better that antenna location, as expected, is to be installed on the outside for both types alike.

• Journal of the Korea Concrete Institute
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.429-440
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• 2014

Since the World Trade Center and Pentagon attacks in 2001, terror, military attack, or man-made disaster caused impact, explosion, and fire accident have frequently occured on civil infrastructures. However, structural behavior researches on major Prestressed Concrete (PSC) infrastructures such as bridges, tunnels, Prestressed Concrete Containment Vessel (PCCVs), and LNG tanks under extreme loading are significantly lacking. Especially, researches on possible secondary fire scenarios after terror, bombing, collision of vehicles and vessels on concrete structures have not been performed domestically where most of the past researches related to extreme loadings on structures focused on an independent isolated extreme loading scenario. Due to the outcry of public concerns and anxiety of potential terrorist attacks on major infrastructures and structures, a study is urgently needed at this time. Therefore, in this study, the bi-directional prestressed concrete $1400{\times}1000{\times}300mm$ panels applied with 430 kN prestressing force using unbonded prestressing thread bars were experimentally evaluated under impact, fire, and impact-fire combined loadings. Due to test site restrictions, impact tests were performed with 14 kN impactor with drop heights of 10m and 3.5 m to evaluate impact resistance capacity. Also, fire and impact-fire combined loading were tested using RABT fire loading curve. The measured residual strength capacities of PSC and RC specimens applied with impact, fire, impact-fire combined loadings were compared with the residual strength capacity of undamaged PSC and RC specimens for evaluation. The study results can be used as basic research data for related research areas such as protective design and numerical simulation under extreme loading scenarios.

• The Korean Journal of Air & Space Law and Policy
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.155-188
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• 2017

On the one hand, the 4th Industrial Revolution provides a positive opportunity to build a new civilization paradigm for mankind. However, on the other hand, due to the 4th Industrial Revolution, artificial intelligence such as 'Goggle Alpha Go' revolutionized and even the human ability was replaced with a 'Silicon Chip' as the opportunity to communicate decreases, the existence of human beings is weakened. And there is a growing concern that the number of violent crimes, such as psychopath, which hunts humans as games, will increase. Moreover, recent international terrorism is being developed in a form similar to 'Psychopathic Violent-Crime' that indiscriminately attacks innocent people. So, the probability that terrorist organizations abuse the positive effects provided by the Fourth Industrial Revolution as means of terrorism is increasing. Therefore, the paradigm of aviation terrorism is expected to change in a way that attacks airport facilities and users rather than aircraft. Because airport facilities are crowded, and psychopathic terrorists are easily accessible. From this point of view, our counter terrorism system of aviation has many weak points in various aspects such as: (1) limitations of counter-terrorism center (2) inefficient on-site command and control system (3) separated organization for aviation security consultation (4) dispersed information collection function in government (5) vulnerable to cyber attack (6) lack of international cooperation network for aviation terrorism. Consequently, it is necessary to improve the domestic counter terrorism system of aviation so as to preemptively respond to the international terrorism. This study propose the following measures to improve the aviation security system by (1) create 'Aviation Special Judicial Police' (2) revise the anti-terrorism law and aviation security law (3) Strengthening the ability respond to terrorism in cyberspace (4) building an international cooperation network for aviation terrorism.

• Korean Security Journal
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• no.48
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• pp.259-285
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• 2016

As the need for anti-terrorism legislation has been continuously argued, Anti-terrorism act has been enacted and enforced. On the other hand, there still remain a lot of points to be discussed regarding the definition of the concept of terrorism, matters of human rights violations, strengthening authority of the investigation and intelligence agencies, and mobilization military forces for the suppression of terrorism. Also, reviewing Anti-terrorism act and its enforcement ordinance draft, this legislation seems to regulate terrorist groups like IS. If so, in the case of terrorism of North Korea or domestic anti-government organizations, whether this law would be applied could become an issue. In the case of terrorism of North Korea, Ministry of National Defense has a right of commandership in the military operations, however, it is also possible to apply the article 4 of Natural Security Act a crime of performing objective-or a crime of foreign exchange on Criminal law as legal grounds for not military terrorisms but general investigations. Therefore, it is necessary to involve consideration about this matter. Furthermore, in the view of investigation, Anti-terrorism act and its enforcement ordinance draft do not mention Supreme Prosecutors Office and Ministry of Justice that conduct investigations. In the case of terrorism, the police and prosecution should conduct to arrest criminals and determine crimes at the investigation stage, however, any explicit article related to this content in Anti-terrorism act and its enforcement ordinance draft was unable to be found. Although Anti-terrorism act is certainly toward preventive aspects, considering some matters such as prevention, actions on the scene, maneuver after terrorism, arresting terrorists, investigation direction, cooperation, and mutual assistance, it is necessary to reflect these contents in Anti-terrorism act. In other words, immediately after terrorists attacks, it is possible to mobilize the military operations by Integrated Defense act in order to arrest them in the case of military terrorism. Nevertheless, because both military terrorism and general one are included in the investigation stage, it needs to begin an investigation under the direction of the prosecution. Therefore, above all, a device for finding out the truth behind the case at the investigation stage is not reflected in the current Anti-terrorism act and its enforcement ordinance draft. Accordingly, if National Intelligence Service approaches information at the prevention level in this situation, it may be necessary to come up with follow-up measures of the police, the prosecution, and military units.

• Korean Security Journal
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• no.26
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• pp.29-58
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• 2011

Since 11 September 2001, warnings of risk in the nexus of terrorism and nuclear weapons and materials which poses one of the gravest threats to the international community have continued. The purpose of this study is to analyze the aim, principles, characteristics, activities, impediments to progress and developmental recommendation of the Global Initiative to Combat Nuclear Terrorism(GICNT). In addition, it suggests implications of the GICNT for the ROK policy. International community will need a comprehensive strategy with four key elements to accomplish the GICNT: (1) securing and reducing nuclear stockpiles around the world, (2) countering terrorist nuclear plots, (3) preventing and deterring state transfers of nuclear weapons or materials to terrorists, (4) interdicting nuclear smuggling. Moreover, other steps should be taken to build the needed sense of urgency, including: (1) analysis and assessment through joint threat briefing for real nuclear threat possibility, (2) nuclear terrorism exercises, (3) fast-paced nuclear security reviews, (4) realistic testing of nuclear security performance to defeat insider or outsider threats, (5) preparing shared database of threats and incidents. As for the ROK, main concerns are transfer of North Korea's nuclear weapons, materials and technology to international terror groups and attacks on nuclear facilities and uses of nuclear devices. As the 5th nuclear country, the ROK has strengthened systems of physical protection and nuclear counterterrorism based on the international conventions. In order to comprehensive and effective prevention of nuclear terrorism, the ROK has to strengthen nuclear detection instruments and mobile radiation monitoring system in airports, ports, road networks, and national critical infrastructures. Furthermore, it has to draw up effective crisis management manual and prepare nuclear counterterrorism exercises and operational postures. The fundamental key to the prevention, detection and response to nuclear terrorism which leads to catastrophic impacts is to establish not only domestic law, institution and systems, but also strengthen international cooperation.

• Korean Security Journal
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• no.15
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• pp.29-50
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• 2008

Many countries throughout the world have enacted laws on terrorism in the light of the changes that time has brought to them, geographical features, cultural values, and environmental elements. Especially some advanced European nations prescribe the definition of terrorism, the purpose of terrorism, the behavior of terrorism, and the types of crimes related to terrorism and so on for the following reason that it is more vital for the authorities concerned to investigate and punish terrorists after the rise of terrorism. In this regard, this paper analyzes legislative countermoves against terrorists of advanced countries such as France, Germany, and England and through this sheds light on the need of future anti-terrorism bills. The legislative basic guidelines directly to manipulate future terrors based on theories derived from this study could be summarized as follows. In the first place, providing laws on direct investigative power and harsher punishment to those involved in terrorism is a prerequisite for social security and thus the presidential directive of the state anti-terrorism action guidelines just deals with administrative measures without any effective response to terrorism. Hence it is urgent to make anti-terrorism bill concerning investigation and punishment of terrorists. In the second place, it is associated with the objectives of terror. The expression "all sorts of" stated in Korean law is so quite unclear that it can not fulfill the required conditions for naming it "crime". Comprehending provisoes of the crime that meets the purpose of the terrorists is necessary in order to investigate and inflict punishment on them. Therefore, it is advisable to establish specific and precise principles such as political, social, ideological, and religious purpose of terrorists in the bill. In the third place, to meet the flow of times of technicalization, informatization, such provisoes as destruction of electronic data system, crimes related to nuclear materials, purchases of weapons by terrorists, tax administration for prohibition of sale, and arson should be considered in terror bill. In the fourth place, nonselective attack toward unspecified individuals has become a serious issue in our society. Terrorists leave poisonous foods or beverages to crowded place or dump toxic chemicals into river intentionally. Therefore more strict regulations must be included in terror bill to prevent possible terrorist attacks.