• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.179-185
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• 2021

The aim of this study is to examine the impact of board of directors' activity on the audit committee's effectiveness score among manufactured listed companies on Saudi Stock Exchange (Tadawul) for the period 2015-2017. The final sample of this study consists of 195 firm-year observations that represent manufactured companies listed on Saudi Stock Exchange (Tadawul) for the years 2015-2017. The data of this study in terms of board of directors' meetings, audit committee size and meetings, firm leverage, firm performance, and firm age were hand-collected from the annual reports of the considered companies. The Pooled OLS regression's result indicate that audit committee's effectiveness score is influenced by the board of directors' activity. This result gives support to the agency theory prediction. This result is also consistent with the complementary function of corporate governance mechanisms in which board of directors' activity complements the function of audit committee's effectiveness score. The result of this study should be useful for manufacturing companies, Saudi Stock Exchange, auditors, and regulators which relates to the association between board of directors' activity and audit committee's effectiveness score. This study provides a new empirical evidence on the impact of board activity on the audit committee's effectiveness score in an interesting context which is Saudi Arabia.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Systems Engineering
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.33-39
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• 2010

Anti-surface missiles have been the most dangerous threat to the surface ships, therefore analyzing the defense effectiveness of surface ships against diverse anti-surface missiles attack strategies is very important to evaluate and anticipate the naval combat ship's abilities in terms of AAW (Anti-Air Warfare). In this paper, we don't study on the defense effectiveness of a ship against a missile, but focus on the defense effectiveness for surface ships against multiple missiles specialized in strategies of anti-surface missiles; ripple fire attack and simultaneous time on target attack (STOT). So, we conduct a variety of monte-carlo simulations with high-fidelity simulators, analyze the measure of defense effectiveness for the key factors of strategies and evaluate the effects and possible interactions of several factors through the analysis of the design of experiment (DOE).

• Smart Structures and Systems
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• v.4 no.4
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• pp.407-428
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• 2008

The nonlinear mechanics of cable vibration is caught either by analytical or numerical models. Nevertheless, the choice of the most appropriate method, in consideration of the problem under study, is not straightforward. A feedback control policy might even enhance the complexity of the system. Thus, in order to design a suitable controller, different approaches are here adopted. Devices mounted transversely to the cable in the two directions, close to one of its ends, supply the feedback control action based on the observation of the response in a few points. The low order terms of the control law are, at first, analyzed in the framework of linear models. Explicit analytic solutions are derived for this purpose. The effectiveness of high order terms in the control law is then explored by means of a finite element model(FEM), which accounts for high order harmonics. A suitably dimensional analytical Galerkin model is finally derived, to investigate the effectiveness of the proposed control strategy, when applied to a physical model.

• Journal of Korean Medicine Rehabilitation
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.79-84
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• 2016

Objectives To evaluate the evidence supporting the effectiveness of Chuna manual therapy for primary insomnia. Methods The researcher conducted search across the 3 electronic databases (Pubmed, CAJ and Oasis) to find all of randomized controlled clinical trials(RCTs) that used Chuna manual therapy as a treatment for primary insomnia. Results Four RCTs met inclusion criteria. The meta-analysis showed positive results for the use of Chuna manual therapy in terms of the PSQI when compared to medication treatments alone. Positive results were also obtained, in terms of the PSQI, when comparing Chuna manual therapy combined with acupuncture therapy to acupuncture therapy alone, but was not statistically significant. Conclusions The review found encouraging but limited evidence of Chuna manual therapy for primary insomnia. We recommend clinical trials which compare the effectiveness of Chuna manual therapy with usual care to obtain stronger evidence without the demerits of trial design.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.53 no.4
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• pp.397-411
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• 2023

Purpose: The role of medical staff gained immense significance in the context of the prolonged coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic. However, few studies had explored the impact of simulation-based education on the ability of nursing students to care for the patients of COVID-19. This study provided nursing students with simulation-based education in caring for the patients of COVID-19 and confirmed its effectiveness. Methods: This study used a non-equivalent control group pretest-posttest design. The participants were recruited from the nursing departments of two universities in Korea through convenience sampling. A total of 79 participants were included: 37 in the intervention group and 42 in the control group. The intervention group received four sessions of simulation training based on the National League for Nursing Jeffries simulation theory. Results: The intervention group showed an improvement compared to the control group in terms of knowledge related to coronavirus, confidence in performing infection control skills, and perception of preparedness for caring for the patients of COVID-19, with a high-level of satisfaction and self-confidence in learning. There was no significant difference between the two groups in terms of anxiety. Conclusion: This simulation is expected to be a significant strategy for alleviating the global burden in terms of staff safety and patient outcomes by improving the competencies of prospective medical staff in responding to pandemics.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.422-429
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• 1990

The experimental study investigates two aspects of counterflow sensible heat regenerator operation. First, it examines the regenerator performance in periodic steady state operation with spatially nonuniform inlet temperature in one of the fluid stream. Second, the study examines the transient response of a regenerator to a step change in the inlet temperature of one of the fluid streams. The effect of transient inlet temperatures is analyzed in terms of the response of the outlet fluid temperatures to a step change in temperature of one of the inlet fluid streams. The effect of temperature nonuniformities is analyzed in terms of the change of temperature nonuniformities is analyzed in terms of the change in steady state effectiveness due to a circumferential temperature distribution in one of the inlet fluid streams. an experimental analysis has been conducted using a counterflow, parallel passage, and rotary regenerator made from polyethylene film. Efficiencies follow similar trends with increasing matrix to fluid capacity rate ratio for the balanced and symmetric regenerator with nonuniform inlet temperature.

• Journal of Power System Engineering
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.131-138
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• 2013

The purpose of this study is to suggest the evaluation standard of cost-effectiveness analysis for renew of architectural equipment in public building. Evaluation items of cost-effectiveness analysis for renew of architectural equipment in public building were used life cycle cost, energy consumption(ton of oil equivalent), green house gas emissions(ton of carbon dioxide) and maximum power demand. Life cycle cost is the process of making an economic assessment of an item, area, system, or facility by considering all significant costs of ownership over an economic life, expressed in terms of equivalent costs. The essence of life cycle costing is the analysis of equivalent costs of various alternative proposals. The social concern with green house gas and maximum power demand of architectural equipment field has been growing for the last several years.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.22 no.9
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• pp.163-170
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• 2017

The purpose of this study is to find the differences in fair trade practice behavior, according to socio-demographic variables and to analyze the effects of psycho-social variables on fair trade practice behavior. This study includes the psycho-social variables as materialism, altruism, ethical identity, and perceived consumer effectiveness. The results of this study are as follows. First, the mean score of consumers' fair trade practice behavior was 4.12 on a 7-point scale, which means that respondents performed fair trade practice behavior at the middle level. Second, in terms of socio-demographic variables, there was a significant difference only in an age. Third, fair trade practice behavior had positive correlations with each of altruism, ethical identity, and perceived consumer effectiveness. Finally, regression analyses showed that altruism, ethical identity, and perceived consumer effectiveness had positive effects on fair trade practice behavior, whereas materialism had a negative effect on fair trade practice behavior.

• Journal of the military operations research society of Korea
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.147-159
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• 1989

This paper presents a formalized methodology for conducting cost-effectiveness analysis on the ROK Navy's maritime patrol aircraft. The methodology involves a Delphi method application for determining the group of appraisal variables as well as their weight values in the area of aircraft effectiveness analysis, Life-cycle costing was employed to produce cost in terms of present worth values of all costs that occur over the common 20-year life cycle. A wide range of experts was selected so that their opinions could be effectively collected and synthesized to form the framework of the effectiveness model. Such a model development strategy provides easy acceptance of the analysis result and assure fairness of the analysis.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.1426-1436
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• 1996

The effectiveness of the regenerator pertaining to Stirling cycle machines is studied by analyzing the heat transfer characteristics of the oscillating flow in a tube, and a new consistent definition of the regenerator effectiveness can be expressed by the ratio of the heat transfer in axial direction (Q$\_$axial/) to that in transverse direction (Q/su w/), and its approximate form is obtained as a function of Nusselt number for practical utility. Since an approximate value of the ratio Q$\_$axial//Qsub w/ can be expressed in terms of the time-averaged rather than transient temperatures, this expression is useful to estimate the heat transfer coefficient in the Stirling machine regenerator experimentally.