• 한국초등과학교육학회지:초등과학교육
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.281-291
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• 2005

The purpose of this study was to investigate elementary school pupil's classification ability that appears in classification activity. For this study, we developed 2 suitable tools in classification activity achievement. One is artificial stimulus card that comes into view clearly. The other is natural stimulus card that does not come into view well. The test was administrated to 376 pupils of 2, 4, and 6 grade in D elementary School in Yeongdeungpo-gu, Seoul. The result proved in this study was as following. First, elementary school pupil's classification ability showed the developmental change as the grade level rises. Second, there was no statistical difference between boys and girls. Third, there was high correlation between sort artificial category and natural category in their ability. Fourth, classification achievement rate of constant level by grade was seen regardless of the items. The findings above gives following guidance in science classification learning. First, if teacher understands the development of students' classification ability, more effective classification guidance is available. Second, to cultivate students' classification ability, we should devise and apply program depending on their classification ability by grade.

• 대한한의학회지
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.148-158
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• 2000

Objective : The purpose of this study was to investigate the back shape of school children using the phase-shifting scanning grating projection moire interferometer, which was developed by the Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology and is useful in evaluating three dimensional back shape. Methods : In this study the subjects consisted of 1,358 pupils [711 boys(52.36%), 647 girls(47.64%)] attending elementary and middle schools in Seoul. Their ages ranged from nine to fifteen and the average age was 12.2. With the phase-shifting scanning grating projection moire interferometer, the posterior view of the body were taken to see if there are correlations of moire fringe number, width difference between left and right, and correlation between differences in moire fringe number and width on both sides in the scapular, lumbar and gluteal regions. Results : The results were as follows : I. More frequent findings of fringe were observed on the right in all regions : in the scapular region, 309 boys(43.4%) and 156 girls(24.2%) had more fringe numbers on the right side; in the lumbar region, 68 boys(9.5%) and 11 girls(1.7%); and in the gluteal region, 160 boys(22.4%) and 63 girls(9.8%). Such tendency was striking especially in the scapular and lumbar regions, and in boys rather than in girls. In the scapula, 661 subjects(48.7%) with one moire fringe on either side need further attention and 110 subjects(8.I %) with two or more are required to do follow-up radiography for scoliosis. 2. In an analysis of width difference in the trunk, the left side is wider in all regions except for the gluteal region in boys : in the scapular region 21 boys(3.0%) and 103 girls(15.9%); in the lumbar region, 87 boys(12.2%) and 250 girls(38.6%); and in the gluteal region 197 girls(30.4%) had a wider left side and 45 boys(6.3%) showed a wider right side. 3. In correlation analysis of the number of moire fringe and width difference in each region, the side where more moire fringes were observed was significantly wider in the lumbar and gluteal regions, but not in the scapular region.(p<0.01) Conclusions : From these results, it is concluded that the back shape of elementary and middle school students in Seoul shows that the right side had more moire fringes; the left side was wider; and especially in the lumbar and gluteal regions the side where more moire fringes were observed was wider.