• The Korean Journal of Community Living Science
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.131-145
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• 2007

This study investigated the effect of nutrition education on food habits, dietary behaviors, nutritional knowledges and nutrient intakes of middle-aged women. The subjects were 209 females aged $30{\sim}64yrs$. The subjects helped by trainers filled the questionnaire about demographic information, food habits, dietary behavior, nutritional knowledge and dietary intake before and after three months of nutrition education. All data were analyzed by chi-square test and paired t-test using the SAS program. The subjects who didn't drink alcohol significantly increased after the education(p<0.001). The largest meal of the day was lunch and the amount consumed was significantly different before and after the nutrition education(p<0.05). Dietary attitude scores significantly increased after the nutrition education(p<0.001). The percentages of subjects who didn't have processed foods, sweets and salty foods frequently significantly increased after the education(p<0.05). The subjects who answered correctly significantly increased in ten out of fifteen nutrition knowledge items related to obesity and in four out of five nutrition knowledge items related to nutrients after the education. There were significant differences in protein(p<0.01), calcium(p<0.05) and cholesterol intakes(p<0.01) before and after the nutrition education. This study suggests that nutrition education can improve dietary attitudes and nutritional knowledge.

• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.260-271
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• 2002

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to identify basic health needs of adult clients to develop a community nursing center model in Seoul. Methods: Data were collected using a questionnaire survey from 894 adults registered at a public health center who were health management members, and visiting 4 community nursing centers, University of Wisconsin, Milwaukee during the period from July 1999 to January 2000. The data were analyzed using frequency, percentile, t-test, and ANOVA. Results: 1) The University of Wisconsin- Milwaukee School of Nursing has a long tradition of developing 4 community nursing centers with innovative health care programs. CNCs integrate the ability to implement and test effective intervention strategies with education, research, and practices of nursing students and faculty. They were designed to enhance the health status and quality of life for urban communities through the development of productive, outcome focused, collaborative partnerships among UWM-Nursing faculties and staff, other health and human service providers, consumers, and policy makers. It links the financial resources between UWM and 9 voluntary agencies and 12 public funding organizations including federal. state, and local governments. 2) Of the total health management members, 37.4% were reported to have at least one type of chronic disease such as hypertension, diabetes, and arthritis. Ten percent of them reported having obesity, and 44.2% reported lack of exercise. The health status of the subjects was within normal range in laboratory tests. However, female subjects showed more significant differences in obesity and cholesterol levels than male subjects. The subjects, who were in their 50s, showed more significant differences in obesity, SGOT, SGPT, and cholesterol levels than the subjects in other age groups. Conclusion: A community nursing center needs to be developed, that has a link between the nursing college and the public health center, with partnerships and a multidisciplinary approach. Based on the study results, exercise programs for middle aged adults are considered necessary. In particular, specific exercise programs for pre-menopausal women needs to be implemented in the future to prevent them from developing osteoporosis.

• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.147-160
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• 2002

The purpose of this study was twofold: one, to provide basic data to prevent smoking among university students and two, to develop an effective no smoking program for university students. Two hundred and ten 210 university students who smoked were enrolled in the study. Data were collected from September, 1999 to January, 2000 using a questionnaire. The data collected were scored by using mean and standard deviation according to the motivations for smoking, the psychological characteristics and the motivation for not smoking. Each item was analyzed as an independent variable by the t-test and the ANOVA test. The results were as follows: 1. The average score of subjects' smoking motivation and psychologic characteristics was 2.59. 2. The average score of subjects' no smoking was 3.18. 3. With the respect to the general characteristics of subjects' smoking motivation and psychologic characteristics. there were significant difference in allowance for the month (F=6.197, P=.002), smoking reason (F=4.196, P=.003), smoking type(F=2.34, P=.035), father's smoking(F=3.119, P=.027), and smoking of close friend (F=4.430, P=.013). In subjects' no smoking motivation. there were significant difference in age (F=3.469, P=.033) and starting time of smoking(F=2.834, P=.039) 4. There was a significant correlation (r=.190, p=.007) between subjects' smoking motivation, psychologic characteristics and no smoking motivation.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Physical Medicine
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.71-80
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• 2019

PURPOSE: This study examined whether a task-oriented training program is an effective intervention to improve the body function, activity, and participation of children with cerebral palsy (CP). METHODS: Ten children with CP (7-13 years old) performed a task-oriented training program for eight weeks (three sessions per week, 30 minutes each). The taskoriented training program consisted of eight activities. The subjects' body function was assessed using a handheld dynamometer, goniometer, Modified Ashworth Scale (MAS), Balance Performance Monitor (BPM), and the Bruininks-Oseretsky Test of Motor Proficiency (BOTMP). The subjects' activity and participation were assessed using the Gross Motor Function Measure (GMFM) and Timed Up and Go (TUG) test. RESULTS: Task-oriented training provided significant improvements in the subjects' body function. The subjects improved the bilateral isometric muscle strength of the hip flexors, extensors and abductors, knee flexors and extensors, and ankle dorsi- and plantar flexors (p<.05). Bilateral passive hip flexion, abduction, and external rotation, knee flexion, and ankle dorsi- and plantar flexion were also increased (p<.05). In addition, the MAS score of the hip adductors decreased (p<.05) and the BOTMP score increased after training (p<.05). The subjects' activity and participation also improved significantly after training, increasing the GMFM score (p<.05) and decreasing the TUG score (p<.05). On the other hand, the BPM score did not change after training. CONCLUSION: This study suggests that a task-oriented training program can be an effective intervention to improve the body function, activity, and participation for children with CP.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.20 no.12
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• pp.280-286
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• 2019

This study verified the difference in biomechanical variation and the pattern of the lower limb between using or not using functional insoles on the gait of elderly people. Ten females subjects were selected (age: 73.2 years, height: 152.1 cm, body mass: 59.4 kg) for testing their gait with using functional insoles and without using functional insoles. The gait motions were captured with the Qualisys system and the gait parameters were calculated with Visual-3D. As a result, the subjects' stride length and swing time were significantly increased (p<.05). Also, the lower limb's extension moment was significantly increased (p<.05) when using the insole. These differences suggest the functional insole used in the experiment increases the subjects' gait stability. However, to generalize the results of this study, it is necessary to accumulate more quantitative data with more subjects. Further studies to examine gait variables and changes of walking patterns need to be conducted by gathering and utilizing the results of those subjects who have used insoles for a long period of time.

• Proceedings of the Ginseng society Conference
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• 1984.09a
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• pp.215-223
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• 1984

Panax ginseng has often been suggested as a geriatric restorative. This study is a double blind crossover trial to test whether ginseng can improve function in subjects with the depression and reduced abilities associated with senescence. 49 screened subjects were given 1500 mg Korean Red ginseng and identical placebo each for ten days, with a washout period in between the dosages. Standard tests of mental function, neuromuscular reflexes, responsiveness, mood and well being were used. The subjects were somewhat better at the co-ordination and speed test ('number copying') but tests of concentration and memory ('Concentration', 'Paired Association', 'Digit Span' and 'Object Learning') gave equivocal results. There were small improvements in mood and well being ('Life Satisfaction' and 'General Health Questionnaire') while the subjects indicated increased energy, alertness and less sleep, but also less happiness on the daily analogue scales. The major result was a highly significant improvement in reactivity, speed and co-oridnation at the tapping test, and the visual, auditory and disjunctive reaction timer. These are the most objective and accurate tests used in this trial. It is therefore concluded that ginseng can increase function in senile individuals. This effect is most easily visualisable in objective psychophysical tests, rather than the more subjective memory and concentration tests.

• Journal of Technologic Dentistry
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• v.45 no.4
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• pp.118-123
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• 2023

Purpose: This study proposes measures needed to implement a job-based national practical exam for dental technicians. Methods: For this study, a survey was conducted targeting 244 currently employed individuals. The current national practical test for dental technicians was divided into directions for the job-based practical test, subjects that need improvement among the current practical test subjects, items that need to be reflected in the practical test evaluation for each subject, and subjects that need to be added to the practical test. It comprised ten questions (Cronbach's α=0.801). Results: The following results were obtained. Satisfaction with the current practical test was lower than average. Future improvement should focus on job-based evaluation. The dental ceramic lab technology subject needs to be reorganized urgently, and the tasks that require evaluation for each subject are different. Moreover, if evaluation subjects are added in the future, the introduction of assessment for dental CAD/CAM (computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing) subjects was found to be the most urgent. Conclusion: In this study, the most necessary tasks of the current national practical examination for dental technicians were evaluated and the content needed for future reorganization was investigated. Future tests should be expanded to evaluate critical job areas. Furthermore, it is necessary to open new courses in fields such as CAD/CAM, as they are in high demand in the workplace.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.123-133
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• 2006

Objectives : The purpose of this study was to investigate the Effect of Electro acupuncture at Kugmun $(P_4)$ and Naegwan $(P_6)$ on EKG of hypertension patients. Methods Subjects were ten patients who showed abnormal findings on EKG. They were divided into two Groups, Experiment Group and Control Group. Experiment Croup received electro acupuncture at Kugmun $(P_4)$ and Naegwan $(P_6)$ and Control Group at non acupoint. EKG was measured before and after electro acupuncture stimulation. Results : Five out of ten improved EKG findings by Kugmun $(P_4)$ and Naegwan $(P_6)$ and nine out of ten changed the pulse by Kugmun $(P_4)$ and Naegwan $(P_6)$. It showed significant change compared with Control Group that received electro acupuncture at non acupoint. In fact Kugmun $(P_4)$ and Naegwan $(P_6)$ is able to cure chest pain, hypertension, chest discomfort, palpitation, insomnia, headache, and so on. It proved that it has ability of controling heart function. Conclusions : In conclusion, electro acupuncture at Kugmun $(P_4)$ and Naegwan $(P_6)$ changed EKG findings and Pulse. Especially electro acupuncture at Kugmun $(P_4)$ and Naegwan $(P_6)$ decreased the pulse for tachycardia and increased the pulse for bradycardia. It is thought that it makes to consist vital homeostasis.

• Physical Therapy Korea
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.17-25
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• 2004

The purpose of this study was to assess the effect of applied insole types to lower extremities muscle fatigue during treadmill exercise. The control group and each different insole type group consisted of ten healthy male subjects. In the control group and each different insole type (soft type; 10 shore, semi-rigid type; 33 shore, rigid type; 50 shore) treadmill exercise was performed in twenty-five minutes. The electromyography (EMG) signals of four muscle (tibialis anterior, gastrocnemius medialis, rectus femoris, biceps femoris) were recording at sampling rate of 1024 Hz during treadmill exercise. The localized muscle fatigue (LMF) can be investigated using power spectral analysis. When did data analysis that excepted initial five minutes. The raw EMG signals was processed using the fast Fourier Transformation (FFT) and the median power frequency value was determined in initial ten second period and in last ten second period. Fatigue index was calculated and collected data were statistically analyzed by SPSS version 10.0 two-way using analysis of variance (ANOVA) with repeated measures ($4{\times}4$) was used to determine the main effect and interaction. Post hoc was performed with least significant difference. A level of significance was .05. Muscles fatigue index were significantly decreased in insole types (p<.05) and not significantly different in muscle (p>.05). Post hoc analysis shows that fatigue index in soft insole type, semi-rigid insole type and rigid insole type were lower than that control group (p=.028, p=.146, p=.095). There were no interaction between insole type and muscles (p>.05). The finding of this study can be used as a fundamental data when insole is applied and insole can be used to decreased of a fatigue during the dynamic exercise.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.368-380
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• 1990

A central issue in the development of nursing practice is to describe the phenomenon with which nursing is concerned. To identify the health problems which can be diagnosed and managed by the nurse is the first step to organize and ensure the development of nursing science. Therefore the academic world has been discussing the application of the nursing diagnosis in nursing practice as a means of improving quality of care. The objectives of this study were to develop a standardized nursing care plan for ten selected nursing diagnoses to form a database for computerized nursing service. The research approach used in the study was (1) the selection of the ten nursing diagnoses which occur most frequently on medical-surgical wards, (2) the development of a standardized nursing care plan for the ten selected nursing diagnoses, (3) application of the plan to hospitalize patients and evaluation of the content validity by the nurses, and (4) evaluation of the clinical effects after the use of the standardized nursing care plans. The subjects were 56 nurses and 395 hospitalized patients on two medical and two surgical unit. The results of this study were as follows ; 1) The ten selected nursing diagnoses for the development of the standardized nursing care plans were “PAIN, SLEEP DISTURBANCE, ALTERED HEALTH MAINTENANCE, ALTERATION IN NUTRITION, ANXIETY, CONSTIPATION, ALTERED PATTERNS OF URINARY ELIMINATION, DISTURBANCE IN BODY IMAGE, POTENTIAL FOR ACTIVITY INTOLERANCE AND ACTIVITY INTOLERANCE”. 2. The developed standardized nursing care plans included the nursing diagnosis, definition, defining characteristics, etiologic or related factors that contribute to the condition, recording pattern, desired outcomes and nursing orders (nursing interventions). 3. The plan was used with hospitalized patients on medical - surgical wards to test for content validity. The patient's satisfaction with the nursing care and nurses' job satisfaction were investigated to evaluate the clinical effects after the use of the standardized nursing care plans. A comparison of patient satisfaction with nursing care before and after the introduction of the standardized nursing care plans showed a statistically significant higher level of satisfaction with the standardized care plans. There was no difference in the level of job satisfaction expressed by the nursing staff before and after the standardized nursing care plans were introduced. However, when opinions about the use of the standardized nursing care plans were examined it was found that there was a positive effect on clarity in defining the nursing problems, determining nursing cost, more feasible goal setting, effective and systematic nursing records and indications for nursing research. The results of this study suggest that in order to increase the use of nursing diagnoses in the clinical area, it would be effective to select some wards as a pilot project, give the nurses training in the use of nursing diagnosis and develop and use the standardized nursing care plans. In addition to the ten diagnosis used in this study it is recommended that continual development of nursing diagnoses be done using diagnoses that are appropriate to Korea and testing them for validity through standardized care plans.