• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• 제42권5호
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• pp.580-587
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• 2015

Background Descent of the lateral aspect of the brow is one of the earliest signs of aging. The purpose of this study was to describe an open surgical technique for lateral brow lifts, with the goal of achieving reliable, predictable, and long-lasting results. Methods An incision was made behind and parallel to the temporal hairline, and then extended deeper through the temporoparietal fascia to the level of the deep temporal fascia. Dissection was continued anteriorly on the surface of the deep temporal fascia and subperiosteally beyond the temporal crest, to the level of the superolateral orbital rim. Fixation of the lateral brow and tightening of the orbicularis oculi muscle was achieved with the placement of sutures that secured the tissue directly to the galea aponeurotica on the lateral aspect of the incision. An additional fixation was made between the temporoparietal fascia and the deep temporal fascia, as well as between the temporoparietal fascia and the galea aponeurotica. The excess skin in the temporal area was excised and the incision was closed. Results A total of 519 patients were included in the study. Satisfactory lateral brow elevation was obtained in most of the patients (94.41%). The following complications were observed: total relapse (n=8), partial relapse (n=21), neurapraxia of the frontal branch of the facial nerve (n=5), and limited alopecia in the temporal incision (n=9). Conclusions We consider this approach to be a safe and effective procedure, with long-lasting results.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.39-43
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• 2017

Purpose: This study was to investigate the effects of unilateral muscle fatigue in knee and ankle joints on balance and gait in healthy adults. Methods: Exercise inducing muscle fatigue in the knee joint consisted of concentric and eccentric contraction of dominant knee extensors in healthy adults by using the Leg Extension Rehap exercise machine (HUR, Finland). Exercise inducing muscle fatigue in the ankle joint was composed of voluntary contractions and forced contractions of the dominant plantar flexors in healthy adults. Exercises to induce muscle fatigue in the knee and ankle joints were performed until the subject complained of fatigue or pain, the occurrence of muscle fatigue was confirmed by electromyography. We measured static and dynamic balance using the Good Balance system and gait performance by RS-scan. Results: Static and dynamic balance ability and spatial-temporal gait decreased significantly after muscle fatigue in knee and ankle joint. Conclusion: These results show that unilateral muscle fatigue of the lower extremities affected postural control and gait. Therefore, therapists and sport trainers should minimize the risks of fall and injuries related to unilateral muscle fatigue.

• Animal cells and systems
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• 제1권2호
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• pp.329-335
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• 1997

The final pattern of the skeletal muscle of a vertebrate depends on the position-specific behavior of the muscle precursor cells during early developmental process and the abdominal muscle is made of cells which migrate a relatively long distance from their original tissue, myotome of dorsal mesoderm. We report the spatia-temporal migration pattern of abdominal muscle in Xenopus laevis by in situ hybridization and immunohistological studies. Shortly after hatching tadpole stage (stage 31/32), a group of myotomal cells detaches from the lower tip of the second somite and migrates ventrally to the lower position of abdomen. At stage 34/35, a second cell group migrates away from the third somite. Total 7 myotomal cell groups migrate ventrally one by one from the second to eighth myotome along their own pathways through the cell free space located between epidermis and subepidermal layer of the abdomen. During migration, the sizes of the cell groups (abdominal muscle anlagens) are increased to several tens fold. Around stage 40 all the abdominal muscle anlagens reaches their final positions and are interconnected side by side rostrocaudally. They are also connected to other types of muscles, forming a large multisegmented abdominal muscle. Heat shock study suggests that the disruption of segmentation of somites does not block the detachment of abdominal muscle anlagen, though the treatment gave stage- and dosagedependent effects on the migration speed.

• 대한약침학회지
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.41-50
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• 2009

Although Chronic tension-type headache(CTTH) is one of the most common symptom in primary headache, there is no definite mechanisms. But muscular factors and psychological factors is supposed to be related with CTTH according to many other studies and pressure pain threshold(PPT) is used to measure muscular factors. Methods 1. We performed this study with 63 patients fulfilling the International Headache Societ criteria for chronic tension-type headache and 20 healthy control group and measured the PPT of temporal muscle and trapezius muscle. 2. We investigated the correlation between clinical characteristic and PPT. 3. Each of the CTTH groups and Control group is divided to four group again - HNP, Spondylosis, Sprain, Normal according to Cervical spine X-ray. Results 1. The PPT of temporal muscle and trapezius muscle in the CTTH is significantly lower than that of Control. 2. In CTTH group, the PPT has significant positive relation with duration of headache and continued time of headache. And the PPT has significant inverse relation with Frequency of headache and Level of headache. 3. In CTTH group, spondylosis group has the highest PPT and normal group is second. And there are significant difference between spondylosis group and the others. Conclusion : We found that PPT is strongly significant to measure muscular factor in CTTH.

• 대한물리치료과학회지
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.17-28
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• 2003

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of treadmill gait training on the functional characteristics and the temporal-distance parameters of gait in hemiplegic patients, as compared with conventional gait training. The subjects of this study were 32 hemiplegic patients who had been admitted or were visited out-patients at Kangdong Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University, from March 3 through April 25, 2003. These subjects were randomly divided into treadmill gait training group or conventional gait training group. We evaluated the gait ability, motor functions, muscle strength, spasticity, physiological cost index, and temporal-distance parameters. We analyzed the changes between pre and post training in each groups, and the difference between two groups. Temporal-distance parameters were obtained using the ink footprint method and then energy consumption using physiological cost index. The results were as follows: 1. After a six-week training, treadmill gait training group significantly improved, as. compared to pre-training, in gait ability, motor functions for the leg and trunk and gross function, muscle strength of the lower limb, gait speed, cadence, step length both on the affected and on the unaffected side, step length symmetry, and energy consumption(p<0.05). 2. After a six-week training, conventional gait training group significantly improved, as compared to pretraining, in gait ability, motor functions for the leg and trunk, muscle strength of the lower limb, spasticity the upper limb, gait speed, cadence, step length both on the affected and on the unaffected side, and energy consumption(p<0.05). 3. After a six-week training, the treadmill gait training group significantly improved, as compared to the conventional gait, training, in gait speed and step length on the unaffected side. These results show that treadmill gait training was improved gait speed and step length on the unaffected side of hemiplegic patients, as compared with conventional gait training. Further research is needed to confirm the generalization of these findings and to identify which hemiplegic patients might benefit from treadmill gait training.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• 제43권2호
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• pp.204-209
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• 2016

Temporal hollowing occurs to varying degrees after pterional craniotomy. The most common cause of temporal hollowing is a bony defect of the pterional and temporal regions due to the resection of the sphenoid ridge and temporal squama for adequate exposure without overhang. The augmentation of such bony defects is important in preventing craniofacial deformities and postoperative hollowness. Temporal cranioplasty has been performed using a range of materials, such as acrylics, porous polyethylene, bone cement, titanium, muscle flaps, and prosthetic dermis. These methods are limited by the risk of damage to adjacent tissue and infection, a prolonged preparation phase, the possibility of reabsorption, and cost inefficiency. We have developed a method of temporal augmentation using a calvarial onlay graft as a single-stage neurosurgical reconstructive operation in patients requiring craniotomy. In this report, we describe the surgical details and review our institutional outcomes. The patients were divided into pterional craniotomy and onlay graft groups. Clinical temporal hollowing was assessed using a visual analog scale (VAS). Temporal soft tissue thickness was measured on preoperative and postoperative computed tomography (CT) studies. Both the VAS and CT-based assessments were compared between the groups. Our review indicated that the use of an onlay graft was associated with a lower VAS score and left-right discrepancy in the temporal contour than were observed in patients undergoing pterional craniotomy without an onlay graft.

• 대한두개안면성형외과학회지
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.66-70
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• 2021

Isolated head and neck metastasis of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is relatively rare and metastasis to the temple area is very rare. Here, we present the case of a 51-year-old man who was diagnosed with RCC 2 years earlier and had a contralateral metastatic temple area lesion. The patient who was diagnosed with renal cell cancer and underwent a nephrectomy 2 years ago was referred to the plastic surgery department for a temple mass on the contralateral side. In the operative field, the mass was located in the temporalis muscle with a red-to-purple protruding shape. Biopsy of the mass revealed a metastatic RCC lesion. Computed tomography imaging showed a lobulated, contoured enhancing lesion. Positron emission tomography/computed tomography imaging showed high-fluorodeoxyglucose uptake in the right temporalis muscle. The patient underwent wide excision of the metastatic RCC including the temporalis muscle at the plastic surgery department. Skeletal muscle metastasis of head and neck lesions is extremely rare in RCC. Isolated contralateral temporalis muscle metastasis in RCC has not been previously reported in the literature. If a patient has a history of malignant cancer, plastic surgeons should always consider metastatic lesions of head and neck tumors. Because of its high metastatic ability and poor prognosis, it is very important to keep this case in mind.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• 제31권1호
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• pp.69-77
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• 2006

저작근과 관련하여 나타나는 여러 운동장애의 치료나 심미적인 목적으로 교근 부위에 보툴리눔 독소를 주사하는 방법이 널리 이용되고 있다. 그러나 보툴리눔 독소의 교근 부위 주사가 다른 저작근의 근전도와 악기능에 어떠한 영향을 미치는 지에 대한 자료는 부족하다. 이에 본 연구에서는 측두하악관절장애 등 하악의 기능 이상을 가지고 있지 않는 건강한 성인남녀 14명을 대상으로 양측 교근에 각각 80 unit씩의 보툴리눔 독소 A(Dysport, Ipsen, Wrexham, UK)를 주사한 5 명의 실험군과 같은 위치에 같은 양의 생리식염수를 주사한 9 명의 대조군에서 주사 전과 주사 후 3 주까지 매주 교근과 전측두근의 표면 근전도를 측정하고, 국문판 악기능제한지수(Jaw Functional Limitation Scale) 설문지를 이용하여 악기능제한 정도를 평가하여 비교 분석하였다. 교근의 근전도는 실험군에서 주사 후 1주부터 감소하기 시작하여 3주 동안 지속적인 감소를 나타냈으며, 전측두근의 근전도는 유의한 변화를 나타내지 않았다. 악기능제한지수는 저작지수와 전반적 악기능 지수가 실험군에서 보툴리눔 독소 주사 후 1 주째에 증가한 뒤 점차 회복하는 양상을 보였으며, 개구지수와 대화 및 감정표현 영역 기능제한지수는 통계적으로 유의한 변화를 보이지 않았다. 이러한 결과로부터 교근에 시행하는 보툴리눔 독소 주사는 교근의 활성을 지속적으로 저하시키지만 전측두근의 활성에는 영향을 미치지 않았으며, 주관적 저작기능을 단기적으로 저하시키나, 근활성의 저하가 지속되는 과정에서도 주관적 저작기능은 짧은 기간 내에 회복됨을 알 수 있었다.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.1-32
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• 2008

Objectives : This study was performed to understand the interrelation between 'Foot three yang meridian-muscle' and 'muscular system'. Methods : We have researched some of the literatures on Meridian-muscle theory, anatomical muscular system, myofascial pain syndrome and anatomy trains. And especially we have compared myofascial pain syndrome to anatomy trains and researched what kind of relationship is exist between them. Results : It is considered that Foot taeyang meridian-muscle includes Abductor digiti minimi m., Gastrocnemius m., Biceps femoris m., Longissimus m., Omohyoid m., Occipital m., Frontal m., Orbicularis oculi m., Trapezius m., Sternocleidomastoid m., Sternohyoid m., Zygomaticus m. Foot soyang meridian-muscle includes Dorsal interosseus m., Tendon of extensor digitorum longus m., Extensor digitorum longus m., Iliotibial band, Vastus lateralis m., Piriformis m., Tensor fasciae latae m., Internal abdominal oblique m., External abdominal oblique m,, Internal intercostal m., External intercostal m., Pectoralis major m., Sternocleidomastoid m., Posterior auricular m., Temporal m., Masseter m., Orbicularis oculi m. Foot yangmyung meridian-muscle includes Extensor digitorum longus m., Vastus lateralis m., Iliotibial band, Iliopsoas m., Anterior tibial m., Rectus femoris m., Sartorius m., Rectus abdominis m., Pectoralis major m., Internal intercostal m., External intercostal m., Sternocleidomastoid m., Masseter m., Levator labii superioris m., Zygomatic major m., Zygomatic minor m., Orbicularis oculi m., Buccinator m. and the symptoms of Foot three yang meridian-muscle are similar to the myofascial pain syndrome. Superficial back line in anatomy trains is similar to the pathway of Foot taeyang meridian-muscle. Lateral Line in anatomy trains is similar to the pathway of Foot soyang meridian-muscle. Superficial Front Arm Line in anatomy trains is similar to the pathway of Foot yangmyung meridian-muscle. Conclusions : There is some difference between myofascial pain syndrome and meridian-muscle theory in that the former explains each muscle individually, while the latter classifies muscular system in the view of integrated organism. More studies are needed in anatomy and physiology to support the integration of muscular system of Foot three yang meridian-muscle in aspect of anatomy trains.

• 대한두개안면성형외과학회지
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.37-42
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• 2011

Purpose: Cancer arising from the external auditory canal is a rare disease. A lesion that seems harmless in someway, can be lethal when inadequately excised, the tumor may infiltrate nerves, the parotid and auditory tissues before re-invading the skin. Wide resection of the lesion surrounding the structure and reconstruction with an adequate plan is crucial for the treatment of this disease. Methods: Two patients with external auditory canal cancer were treated with muscle flaps and skin grafts. Lateral temporal bone resection (LTBR) was performed for complete resection of the cancer. The defect cavity was obliterated with highly vascularized tissue using pedicled sternocleidomastoid muscle, and temporalis muscle individually, combined with full thickness skin graft for covering the skin defect of the ear. Results: Clear resection margin was obtained, and both patients showed disease free survival during the follow up. There was no complications of hematoma, infection, flap loss, or wound problem in both patients. Both patient received radiation therapy, there was no osteoradionecrosis or any other complication related to radiation therapy. Conclusion: Utilizing pedicled muscle flaps for managing defects after wide resection of the external auditory canal cancer is an effective method for managing this difficult disease.