• 농업과학연구
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• 제39권1호
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• pp.1-8
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• 2012

Rapid loss of grape berry quality after harvest occurs due to poor postharvest management. Understanding physiological properties between cultivars is required to develop practical technologies to control fast quality deterioration of tables grapes. Physiological characteristics of whole cluster, rachis and berries were examined to find their effects on postharvest behaviour of table grapes. 'Tamnara' showed high respiration rate and browning of rachis compared to 'Campbell Early'. Weight loss of rachis of 'Cheongsoo' was highest of three cultivars. Berry decay in 'Cheongsoo' begins at the connection portion between peduncle and berry, and berry decay of 'Cheongsoo' was the most severe among three cultivars. Precooling at $0^{\circ}C$ showed better results than cooling at $10^{\circ}C$ regardless of cultivars but cooling effect decreased when simulated marketing period increased up to 10 days. Plastic film wrapping was effective on reducing decay in general but not at higher marketing temperature. For successful commercialization of newly developed grapes, the inhibition technology of rachis browning in 'Tamnara' is required and decay control in 'Cheongsoo' through establishment of cold chain system is recommended.

• 한국세라믹학회지
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• 제53권1호
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• pp.116-121
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• 2016

The amount of carbon dioxide ($CO_2$) released while producing building materials is substantial and has been targeted as a leading contributor to global climate change. One of the most typical methods of reducing $CO_2$ in building materials is the addition of slag and fly ash, like pozzolan material another method is to reduce $CO_2$ production by developing carbon negative cement. MgO-based cement from the low-temperature calcination of magnesite required less energy and emitted less $CO_2$ than the manufacturing of Portland cements. It is also believed that adding reactive MgO to Portland-pozzolan cements can improve their performance and also increase their capacity to absorb atmospheric $CO_2$. In this study, basic research on magnesia cement using $MgCO_3$ and magnesium silicate ore (serpentine) as the main starting materials, as well as blast furnace slag for the mineral admixture, was carried out for industrial waste material recycling. In order to increase the overall hydration activity, $MgCl_2$ was also added. In the case of the addition of $MgCl_2$as accelerating admixture, there was a promoting effect on the compressive strength. This was found to be due to the production of needle-like dense Mg-Cl hydrates. Mgnesia cement has a high viscosity due to its high specific surface area therefore, when the PC-based dispersing agent was added at a level of more than 1.0%, it had the effect of improving fluidity. In particular, the addition of $MgCl_2$ in magnesia cement using $MgCO_3$and magnesium silicate ore (serpentine) as main starting materials led to a lower expansion ratio and an increase in the freeze-thaw resistance finally, the addition of $MgCl_2$ as accelerating admixture led to good overall durability.

• 한국안전학회지
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.128-134
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• 2015

The number of schools which have passed 30 years after the construction takes up 30% (5% falling to class D and E) in Korea. So, the offices of education across the nation conduct large works for the expansion, improvement and renovation of the school. But as the work takes a lot of time, the work is also conducted while the students are studying at the schools. The work at the school causes the noise, dust, vibration as the school often has the reinforced concrete structure. So, as the windows are closed to prevent the nuisance from hampering the education, the problems related to the illumination, ventilation, and control of humidity and temperature are give damages to students studying the school buildings. Actually, as the current renovation or expansion is conducted across the nation due to the implementation of the new education system and the resulting integration and construction of hub school, specialized school, meister school and it causes a lot of nuisance to the learning students and others, there are a lot of complaints from concerned people. Accordingly this study suggests the method of evaluating the factors which affect the learning environment such as the noise, dust or fine dust and reducing the nuisances to the level proper for the learning environment when the existing school is expanded, improved or renovated.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제36권2호
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• pp.86-92
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• 1993

무에서 DEAE Bio-Gel, Con-A 및 Superose-6 칼럼을 이용하여 myrosinase를 정제하고 그 효소학적 특성을 검토한 결과 myrosinase(II)는 2개의 subunits를 가졌으며, 이들의 분자량은 SDS-GAGE상에서 각각 53 및 39 KD였다. 정제된 무효소의 비활성도는 37,500 units/mg이었으며, 정제도는 44배였다. 최적 활성 pH는 phosphate 및 Tris-HCl 완충액에서 $6.5{\sim}7.0$이었으며, pH7.0에서 그 효소활성이 가장 안정하였다. 활성 최적온도는 $37{\sim}38^{\circ}C$였고, 열안정성은 $30^{\circ}C$ 이하였다. 무 myrosinase에 대한 무기염의 영향은 구리 및 수은 이온은 효소 활성을 매우 저해하며, ascorbic acid의 농도별 영향은 1 mM일 때 최대활성을 나타내었다. Ascorbic acid analogue에 대한 활성은 dehydroascorbic acid에 대해서는 거의 없었으며, 나머지 analogue들도 ascorbic acid보다 상당히 활성이 낮았다. 무 myrosinase에 대한 환원제의 영향은 2-mercaptoethanol과 dithiothreitol에 의해서는 활성을 나타내지 않았으나, 이들을 ascorbic acid 등 2-mercaptoethanol과 함께 첨가하면 활성을 나타내었다.

• Current Research on Agriculture and Life Sciences
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• 제33권1호
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• pp.33-35
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• 2015

본 연구는 AVG처리가 '홍로'사과 표피의 지질물질 변화량에 미치는 영향을 구명하고자 실시하였다. 수확 후 상온에서 저장한 '홍로'사과의 내생 에틸렌 농도는 $220mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ AVG처리구는 무처리구와 $200mL{\cdot}L^{-1}$ Ethephon처리구에 비해 현저히 낮은 수준을 보였으며, 같은 기간 지질물질 발생량도 다른 처리구보다 낮은 수준을 유지하였다. 따라서 수확 2주전 $220mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ AVG처리는 내생 에틸렌 농도를 낮추어 과실의 노화를 지연시킬 뿐만 아니라 과실 표피의 지질물질 축적도 줄여줌으로써 상온유통이 되는 '홍로' 사과의 과실품질 향상 및 유지에 효과적이다.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제34권5호
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• pp.29-41
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• 2006

This study was to investigate the effect of adding additive as tannin, rice husk and charcoal, for reducing the formaldehyde emission level, on the adhesion properties of urea-formaldehyde (UF) resin for particleboard. We controlled the hot-pressing time, temperature and pressure to determine the bonding strength and formaldehyde emission. Blends of various UF resin/additives (tannin, rice husk and charcoal) compositions were prepared. To determine and compare the effect of additives (tannin, rice husk and charcoal) content, 0, 5, 10 and 15%, by weight of UF resin, were used. $NH_4Cl$ as hardener added. To determine the level of formaldehyde emission, we used the desiccator, perforator and 20 L-small chamber method. The formaldehyde emission level decreased with increased additions of additive (except rice husk). Also, increased hot-pressing time decreased formaldehyde emission level. At a charcoal replacement ratio of only 15%, the formaldehyde emission level is under F ✩ ✩ ✩ ✩ grade (emit < $0.3mg/{\ell}$). Curing of the high tannin additive content in this adhesive system indicated that the bonding strength increased. But, in the case of rice husk and charcoal, the bonding strength was much lower due to the inorganic substance. Furthermore, rice husk was poor in bonding strength as well as formaldehyde emission than tannin and charcoal.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• 제44권5호
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• pp.227-234
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• 2014

Purpose: Dentin hypersensitivity is a potential threat to oral health. Laser irradiation may provide reliable and reproducible treatment but remains controversial. The present study aimed to evaluate the effects of $CO_2$ or erbium-doped yttrium aluminium garnet (Er:YAG) laser therapy, and to assess mineral content. Methods: Eighteen human single-rooted teeth affected with advanced periodontitis were obtained. Buccal and lingual surfaces were planed to form 36 specimens. Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid gel (24%) was applied to remove the smear layer and simulate hypersensitive teeth. The experimental groups were: group 1, control (no irradiation); group 2, $CO_2$ laser (repetitive pulsed mode, 2 W, $2.7J/cm^2$); and group 3, Er:YAG laser (slight contact mode, 40 mJ/pulse and 10 Hz). To evaluate dentinal tubule occlusion, six specimens per group (2-mm thickness) were prepared and observed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) for calculation of the occlusion percentage. To evaluate the mineral content, six specimens per group (0.6-mm thickness) were used, and then the levels of Ca, K, Mg, Na, and P were measured by inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry. In addition, the surface temperature of the specimens during laser irradiation was analyzed by a thermograph. Results: The SEM photomicrographs indicated melted areas around exposed dentinal tubules and a significantly greater percentage of tubular occlusion in the $CO_2$ and Er:YAG laser groups than the control, and in the Er:YAG group than the $CO_2$ laser group. In addition, no significant differences were noted among the experimental groups for the mineral elements analyzed. The $CO_2$ laser group showed an evident thermal effect compared to the Er:YAG group. Conclusions: $CO_2$ and Er:YAG laser are effective in treating dentin hypersensitivity and reducing its symptoms. However, the Er:YAG laser has a more significant effect; thus, it may constitute a useful conditioning item. Furthermore, neither $CO_2$ nor Er:YAG lasers affected the compositional structure of the mineral content.

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제27권5호
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• pp.796-804
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• 2014

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of the addition of dandelion on color, texture, and antioxidant activity in Jeolpyon. Jeolpyon was prepared with varying amounts of dandelion ranging up to 20%. They were stored for 3 days at room temperature, and the color and texture were analyzed at different time intervals. L and a values decreased with increasing dandelion concentration while b values increased with increasing dandelion concentration in Jeolpyon. From texture analysis by Rheometer, the hardness and chewiness seem to be affected dramatically by the addition of dandelion in Jeolpyon. During storage, the control Jeolpyon without dandelion displayed greater than two fold increase in hardness, chewiness and brittleness, while the Jeolpyon with added dandelion had only slight increase during storage. The addition of dandelion in Jeolpyon also increased antioxidant activities such as DPPH radical scavenging activity, ABTS radical scavenging activity and reducing power. The antioxidant activities increased linearly with increasing dandelion concentration in Jeolpyon. The increase of antioxidant activities in Jeolpyon with the addition of dandelion may be attributed to the polyphenols in dandelion since the amount of total polyphenols increased with increasing amounts of dandelion in Jeolpyon. In sensory evaluation, the panels of twenties, thirties, and forties gave high scores to Jeolpyon with dandelion containing 10% 15%, and 20%, respectively in overall evaluation.

• 한국재료학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국재료학회 2010년도 춘계학술발표대회
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• pp.48.2-48.2
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• 2010

The effect of additives as rare-earth in dielectric materials has been studied to meet the development trend in electronics on the miniaturization with increasing the capacitance of MLCCs (multi-layered ceramic capacitors). It was reported that the addition of rare-earth oxides in dielectrics would contribute to enhance dielectric properties and high temperature stability. Especially, dysprosium and thulium are well known to the representative elements functioned as selective substitution in barium titanate with perovskite structure. The effects of these additives on microstructure and electric properties were studied. The 0.8 mol% Dy doped $BaTiO_3$ and the 1.0 mol% Tm doped $BaTiO_3$ had the highest electric properties as optimized composition, respectively. According to the increase of rare-earth contents, the growth of abnormal grains was suppressed and pyrochlore phase was formed in more than solubility limits. Furthermore, the effect of two rare-earth elements co-doped $BaTiO_3$ on the dielectric properties and insulation resistance was investigated with different concentration. The dielectric specimens with $BaTiO_3-Dy_2O_3-Tm2O_3$ system were prepared by design of experiment for improving the electric properties and sintered at $1320^{\circ}C$ for 2h in a reducing atmosphere. The dielectric properties were evaluated from -55 to $125^{\circ}C$ (at $1KHz{\pm}10%$ and $1.0{\pm}0.2V$) and the insulation resistance was examined at 16V for 2 min. The morphology and crystallinity of the specimens were determined by microstructural and phase analysis.

• 생약학회지
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• 제30권3호
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• pp.306-313
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• 1999

Polyphenol Oxidase(PPO) was purified from an extract of Ginkgo biloba leaves by ammonium sulfate fractionation followed by sephadex G-150 column chromatography, which resulted in a 18-fold increase in specific activity. The enzyme was most active at pH 8.5 and the temperature optimum for the PPO catechol oxidation reaction was $45^{\circ}C$. Heat inactivation studies showed that heating for 7, 9 and 48 min, at 80, 70 and $60^{\circ}C$ respectively caused a 50% loss in enzymatic activity and that the enzyme was completely inactivated after heat treatment at $90^{\circ}C$ for 60 min. Km values of the PPO for catechol, hydroquinone and 4-methylcatechol derived from Lineweaver-Burk plots were $6.06\;{\times}\;10^{-4}M,\;1.02\;{\times}\;10^{-3}M,\;1.41\;{\times}\;10^{-3}M$ respectively. Of the substrates tested, 4-methylcatechol was oxidized most readily and the enzyme did not oxidize monophenols. The enzyme datalyzed browning reaction was completely inhibited in the presence of reducing reagents, namely ascorbic acid, cysteine, glutathione, 2-mercaptoethanol, potassium metabisulfite at 0.5 mM level. Sodium chloride showed very little inhibition effect on Ginkgo biloba leaves PPO. Lineweaver-Burk analysis of inhibition data revealed that the inhibition by cysteine, 2-mercaptoethanol, potassium cyanide was competitive with ki values of $1.1\;{\times}\;10^{-5}M,\;2.4\;{\times}\;10^{-5}M,\;8\;{\times}\;10^{-5}M$, respectively. Among the divalent cations, $Cu^{2+}ion$ was a strong activator on PPO and $Mn^{2+}ion$ was little or no effect on PPO activity $Ni^{2+}ion$ was an inhibitor on PPO.