• 센서학회지
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.65-70
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• 2016

We devised a method to control the temperature of a liquid bath as low as $-100^{\circ}C$ using the duty cycle control of a solenoid valve. The solenoid valve controls the flow of liquid nitrogen that we used as a cryogen in this system. By controlling the duty cycle of a solenoid valve using feedback from the measured temperature of the liquid bath, we were able to achieve temperature stability within ${\pm}19mK$ around $-100^{\circ}C$. We also demonstrated that by taking average values of the temperature readings for sequence of measurements from more than one thermometer, it is possible to use this system for the calibration of thermometers within 3 mK. This system and the control method can be used for the precise temperature control in the range between $0^{\circ}C$ and $-100^{\circ}C$, where commercially available precision baths are much expensive and hard to be built in customized configurations.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제9권3호
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• pp.628-631
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• 2008

생산 공정라인에서 발생되는 제어 시스템의 편차는 전체의 생산라인에 심각한 문제를 발생할 수 있다. 공정라인중 TG(Tacho Generator) 피드백 방식을 이용한 제어 시스템은 매우 고가(高價)이며, 외산 TG임에도 불구하고 구동 모터의 발열로 인한 전압 검출부(Cabon Brush)의 잦은 마모로 소모적 제약 조건을 갖는다. 또한 이로 인한 오동작으로 작업현장의 문제점이 표출되어 생산성이 저하되고 품질 불만 및 불량품 발생으로 생산성에 큰 손실을 입고 있다. 이러한 문제점을 해결하기 위하여 새로운 인버터 제어 시스템을 개발 하고자 한다. 여기에 따른 파급 효과는 제품의 생산성 향상과 소모성 부품의 수입 대처 및 부분적 제어시스템의 국산화 효과를 확보 할 수 있을 것으로 사료된다. 본 논문에서는 위에서 제시한 인버터 제어시스템의 최적설계를 수행하여 개발된 결과를 실제 산업현장에 적용하여 성능을 입증하였다.

• 전력전자학회:학술대회논문집
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• 전력전자학회 1998년도 Proceedings ICPE 98 1998 International Conference on Power Electronics
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• pp.23-28
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• 1998

We propose a nonlinear feedback controller that can control the induction motors with high dynamic performance by means of decoupling of motor speed and rotor flux. The nonlinear feedback controller needs the information on some motor parameters. Among them, rotor resistance varies greatly with machine temperature. A new recursive adaptation algorithm for rotor resistance which can be applied to our nonlinear feedback controller is also presented in this paper. The recursive adaptation algorithm makes the estimated value of rotor resistance track its real value. Some simulation results show that the adaptation algorithm for rotor resistance is robust against the variation of stator resistance and mutual inductance. In addition, it is computationally simple and has small estimation errors. To demonstrate the practical significance of our results, we present some experimental results.

• 조명전기설비학회논문지
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.99-103
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• 1998

본 논문에서는 속도와 회전자 자속을 비간섭시킴으로써 전기설비등에 많이 적용되는 유도전동기를 고성능으로 제어할 수 있는 비선형 제어기를 제안한다. 이 비선형 제어기는 전동기 매개변수들에 대한 정보릎 필요 로한다 그중에 회전자 저항은 전동기 온도에 따라 크게 변한다. 또한, 이 비선형 제어기에 적용할 수 있는 새로운 (재귀)궤환형 회전자 저항 추정 알고리즘을 제안하고 본 알고리즘의 실용성을 입증하기 위하여 실험결과를 제시한다.

• 센서학회지
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• 제29권4호
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• pp.270-274
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• 2020

In this study, a read-out integrated circuit (ROIC) that can be applied to a colorimetry-based optical sensor for analyzing total phosphorus and total nitrogen was developed and characterized. The proposed ROIC minimizes the effect on temperature fluctuation, improves sensitivity, and extends the dynamic range by utilizing a dual optical path and feedback control circuit. Using a dual optical path makes it possible to calibrate the output signal of the optical sensor automatically, along with the temperature fluctuation. The calibrated voltage is fed back into the measurement stage; thus, the output current of the measurement is adaptively controlled. As a result, the sensitivity and dynamic range of the proposed ROIC are improved. Finally, a total-phosphorus analysis was conducted by utilizing the ROIC. The ROIC was found to operate stably over a wide temperature range.

• 한국음향학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국음향학회 1994년도 FIFTH WESTERN PACIFIC REGIONAL ACOUSTICS CONFERENCE SEOUL KOREA
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• pp.764-769
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• 1994

The impedance of an electro-acoustic transducer can be controlled by motional feedback, and the noise in a duct can be reduced actively by adjusting the impedance using an additional sound. In this paper, two approaches for active noise control using motional feedback (MFB) loudspeaker are described. First configuration uses an external sensor to pickup of source directly. In this configuration, the adaptation of controller is necessary to compensate the change of transfer function from noise source to control poing. The second configuration uses a new adaptive algorithm specialized for peridic noise. Because this configuration does not require any reference input and the error sensor couples very tightly with control loudspeaker, this MFB system itself is independent of the duct condition. No microphone are required in both configurations, so that a more reliable and stable active control system can be realized under severe conditions such as high pressure, high temperature, dust, flow and so on.

• 대한기계학회논문집B
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• 제40권1호
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• pp.39-45
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• 2016

차량용 연료전지의 부하 변동시 열관리는 성능과 내구성에 직결되기 때문에 매우 중요하다. 본 연구에서는 작동 부하 조건 내에 온도를 유지할 수 있도록 하기 위한 열관리 시스템용 선형 상태 궤환 제어기를 설계하였다. 차량용 연료전지 열관리 모델은 레저버, 라디에이터, 바이패스 밸브, 팬 그리고 냉각수 펌프 등으로 구성하였으며, MATLAB/SIMULINK$^{(R)}$으로 개발하였다. 시스템 모델의 비선형성으로 인해, 부하 조건 $0.5A/cm^2{\sim}0.7A/cm^2$ 에서 온도 제어 지령을 정상적으로 달성하기 위해 PWM(Pulse Width Modulation)과 수정된 상태 궤환 제어기를 적용하였고 제어 알고리즘의 성능은 ITAE(Integral time weighted error)로 평가하였다. 수정된 상태 궤환 제어기가 저 부하 구간에서 다른 알고리즘에 비해 더 효율적으로 온도를 제어하는 것을 확인하였다.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• 제34권5호
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• pp.371-376
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• 2009

Microwave digestion is a preferred pretreatment method for agricultural samples because of its quick chemical reaction and minimum loss of analytes. In this research, a feedback temperature controller was developed to control the temperature inside a vessel for the microwave-assisted digestion system. An existing industrial microwave oven was fitted with the temperature controller for controlling inside temperature of the vessel. Four control methods, On/Off, proportional (P), proportional integral (PI), and proportional integral derivative (PID) were used and compared. Experimental results showed that PID control produced best temperature control performance. The PID controller could maintain the temperature of water sample and rice sample in the digestion system with error range of $-2.5{\sim}3.3^{\circ}C$ and $-1.9{\sim}0.5^{\circ}C$ at set temperature of $170^{\circ}C$, respectively.

• 대한설비공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한설비공학회 2009년도 하계학술발표대회 논문집
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• pp.961-966
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• 2009

This paper presents precise temperature control of oil outlet in an oil cooler with hot-gas bypass control as an industrial refrigerator. The control system was designed for obtaining precise temperature control performance even though abrupt disturbances based on flow rate control of hot-gas bypass. PID controller was adopted in feedback control system. We showed that the gain of PID could be easily determined by using gain-tuning methods without any numerical model. Through some experiments, excellent control performances such as overshoot within 1.7%, steady state temperature error within ${\pm}0.1^{\circ}C$ were established by a simple PI controller. We expect that the system can control the target temperature within error of $0.33^{\circ}C$ under abrupt disturbances.

• 한국진공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국진공학회 2016년도 제50회 동계 정기학술대회 초록집
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• pp.93-93
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• 2016

Large scale integrated circuits (LSIs) has been improved by the shrinkage of the circuit dimensions. The smaller chip sizes and increase in circuit density require the miniaturization of the line-width and space between metal interconnections. Therefore, an extreme precise control of the critical dimension and pattern profile is necessary to fabricate next generation nano-electronics devices. The pattern profile control of plasma etching with an accuracy of sub-nanometer must be achieved. To realize the etching process which achieves the problem, understanding of the etching mechanism and precise control of the process based on the real-time monitoring of internal plasma parameters such as etching species density, surface temperature of substrate, etc. are very important. For instance, it is known that the etched profiles of organic low dielectric (low-k) films are sensitive to the substrate temperature and density ratio of H and N atoms in the H2/N2 plasma [1]. In this study, we introduced a feedback control of actual substrate temperature and radical density ratio monitored in real time. And then the dependence of etch rates and profiles of organic films have been evaluated based on the substrate temperatures. In this study, organic low-k films were etched by a dual frequency capacitively coupled plasma employing the mixture of H2/N2 gases. A 100-MHz power was supplied to an upper electrode for plasma generation. The Si substrate was electrostatically chucked to a lower electrode biased by supplying a 2-MHz power. To investigate the effects of H and N radical on the etching profile of organic low-k films, absolute H and N atom densities were measured by vacuum ultraviolet absorption spectroscopy [2]. Moreover, using the optical fiber-type low-coherence interferometer [3], substrate temperature has been measured in real time during etching process. From the measurement results, the temperature raised rapidly just after plasma ignition and was gradually saturated. The temporal change of substrate temperature is a crucial issue to control of surface reactions of reactive species. Therefore, by the intervals of on-off of the plasma discharge, the substrate temperature was maintained within ${\pm}1.5^{\circ}C$ from the set value. As a result, the temperatures were kept within $3^{\circ}C$ during the etching process. Then, we etched organic films with line-and-space pattern using this system. The cross-sections of the organic films etched for 50 s with the substrate temperatures at $20^{\circ}C$ and $100^{\circ}C$ were observed by SEM. From the results, they were different in the sidewall profile. It suggests that the reactions on the sidewalls changed according to the substrate temperature. The precise substrate temperature control method with real-time temperature monitoring and intermittent plasma generation was suggested to contribute on realization of fine pattern etching.