• Title/Summary/Keyword: temperate

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Investigation of Death Years and Inter-annual Growth Reduction of Korean Firs (Abies Koreana) at Yeongsil in Mt. Halla (한라산 영실지역 구상나무 고사연도와 시계열적 생육쇠퇴도 조사)

  • Seo, Jeong-Woo;Kim, Yo-Jung;Choi, En-Bi;Park, Jun-Hui;Kim, Jae-Hoon
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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    • v.22 no.3
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    • pp.1-14
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    • 2019
  • With a view to developing a database of death years of Korean firs (Abies koreana) at Yeongsil in Mt. Halla and investigating their abrupt inter-annual growth reduction tree-ring analysis was employed. To this end, 10 living trees (YSL) were selected to establish a master chronology and 20 dead trees were used to date their dead years. To investigate the difference in death years by death types, 10 trees, which remained standing (YSSD) out of the 20 dead trees were selected. The rest 10 dead trees were already fallen (YSFD). Two increment cores per tree at breast height were extracted in contour direction using an increment borer. A 106-year master chronology (1911-2016) was successfully established from the 10 YSLs. Through cross-dating between individual YSSD time series and the master chronology, it was verified that 1 YSSD was dead in summer 1978, 1 YSSD between autumn 1999 and spring 2000, 2 YSSDs in summer 2007, 1 YSSD in summer 2010, 1 YSSD in summer 2012, and 1 YSSD in summer 2013. The youngest tree rings of 2 YSSDs having no bark were in 1977 and 2002. For the YSFDs, it was verified that 1 YSFD was dead between autumn 1997 and spring 1998, 1 YSFD between autumn 2001 and spring 2002, 2 YSFDs between autumn 2009 and spring 2010, 1 YSFD in summer 2010, and 2 YSFDs between autumn 2012 and spring 2013, while the youngest tree rings of 2 YSFDs having no bark were in 1989 and 2004. To note, the death years of two trees, one from each death type (YSSD and YSFD), could not be verified due to poor cross-dating with the master chronology. The inter-annual growth reductions of YSSD and YSFD occurred more frequently and intensively than YSL. Typically, the YSFD showed the most frequent and intensive inter-annual growth reduction. On comparing the inter-annual growth reductions with the corresponding records of typhoons however we could not find any reliable relationship. Finally, from prior reports and results of the current study it can be concluded that the death and abrupt growth reduction of korean fir at Yeongsil in Mt. Halla are not caused by only a certain environmental factor but various factors.

Warm Temperate species extract Analysis for Jeollanamdo Forest Resources Institute extracts Bank Data building (전라남도산림자원연구소 추출물은행 데이터 구축을 위한 난대수종의 추출물 분석 연구)

  • Kim, Hyun-Woo;Jo, Geon-Ung;Yeo, Hye-jeong;Kim, Hyeon-Seok;Eo, JI-Hyun;Beak, Hyo-Eun;Park, Jong-Seok;Oh, Chan-Jin;Oh, Deuk-sil;Park, Hwa-Sik
    • Proceedings of the Plant Resources Society of Korea Conference
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    • 2019.04a
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    • pp.101-101
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    • 2019
  • 나고야 의정서가 국내에 본격 시행됨에 따라 전남산림자원연구소는 도내 유용 산림 자원의 주권 확립 및 자원 정보의 DB 구축을 위하여 산림생명자원 추출물은행을 운영 중에 있다. 그 일환으로 1차년 난대 수종 4종(동백, 비자, 편백, 황칠)의 부위(잎, 가지) 시기(1차:4월, 2차:7월, 3차:9월, 4차:11월) 용매별(열수, 에탄올) 추출물을 제작하여, 유효성분 및 생리활성의 분석을 실시하였다. 총 폴리페놀(Total Polyphenol) 함량을 150 ug/g 이상을 기준으로 분석 분류한 결과, 동백 잎(4차) 열수, 가지(1, 3차), 잎(4차) 에탄올, 비자 잎(3, 4차) 열수, 가지(2, 3차), 잎(1, 3, 4차) 에탄올, 편백 가지(3차) 열수, 잎(3차), 가지(2, 3차) 에탄올, 황칠 잎(2, 3, 4차) 에탄올 추출물에서 높은 함량의 총 폴리페놀을 확인 할 수 있었다. 다음으로, 프리라디칼(DPPH) 소거능을 측정하여 50 % 이상을 기준으로 분류한 결과, 동백(1~4차), 가지(1~3차) 열수, 잎(1~4차), 가지(1, 3, 4차) 에탄올, 비자 잎(3차) 열수, 잎(2, 4차) 에탄올, 편백 잎(3, 4차), 가지(1차) 열수, 잎(1~3차), 가지(1, 3, 4차) 에탄올, 황칠 잎(2~4차) 열수 추출물에서 높은 프리라디칼(DPPH) 소거능을 보여 주었다. 이와 같이, 수종별로 부위 시기 용매별 추출물에 따른 유효성분과 생리활성에 차이를 확인 할 수 있었다. 이를 바탕으로 산업화 활용 시 채취 시기 및 부위를 특정 하는 자료로 도움 될 것으로 생각되며, 지속적으로 연계 추출 및 분석을 통해 보다 유의성 있는 자료 수집을 계속 진행 중 입니다. 이러한 산림생명자원 추출물은행의 연구 결과를 바탕으로 보다 심도 있게 반복적인 데이터를 수집 구축하고, 연구개발에 활용한다면, 고부가가치 임산 자원을 개발 및 산업화에 큰 도움이 되고 임업임 소득증대에 기여할 것이다.

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Development of Heat-Health Warning System Based on Regional Properties between Climate and Human Health (대도시 폭염의 기후-보건학적 특성에 기반한 고온건강경보시스템 개발)

  • Lee, Dae-Geun;Choi, Young-Jean;Kim, Kyu Rang;Byon, Jae-Young;Kalkstein, Laurence S.;Sheridan, Scott C.
    • Journal of Climate Change Research
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    • v.1 no.2
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    • pp.109-120
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    • 2010
  • Heat wave is a disaster, which increases morbidity and mortality in temperate regions. Climate model results indicate that both intensity and frequency of heat wave in the future will be increased. This study shows the result about relationship between excess mortality and offensive airmass in 7 metropolitan cities, and an operational Heat-Health Warning System (HHWS) in Korea. Using meteorological observations, the Spatial Synoptic Classification (SSC) has been used to classify each summer day from 1982 to 2007 into specific airmass categories for each city. Through the comparative study analysis of the daily airmass type and the corresponding daily mortality rate, Dry Tropical (DT), and Moist Tropical plus (MT+) were identified as the most offensive airmasses with the highest rates of mortality. Therefore, using the multiple linear regression, forecast algorithm was produced to predict the number of the excess deaths that will occur with each occurrence of the DT and MT+ days. Moreover, each excess death forecast algorithm was implemented for the system warning criteria based on the regional acclimatization differences. HHWS will give warnings to the city's residents under offensive weather situations which can lead to deterioration in public health, under the climate change.

Spatial Distribution Patterns of Oplismenus undulatifolius var. undulatifolius on Mt. Hanwoo in Korea (한우산에 분포하는 주름조개풀의 공간적 양상)

  • Huh, Man Kyu
    • Journal of Life Science
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    • v.28 no.11
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    • pp.1262-1267
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    • 2018
  • The patchiness of local environments within a habitat is assumed to be a primary factor affecting the spatial patterns of plants. In this study, a randomization procedure was developed to test the null hypothesis that only spatial association with patches determines the spatial patterns of plants. Oplismenus undulatifolius (Ard.) P. Beauv. var. undulatifolius is an herbaceous plant and a member of the genus Oplismenus in the family Poaceae. Oplismenus hirtellus subsp. undulatifolius occurs in temperate, subtropical, and tropical areas of the world. The spatial pattern of O. undulatifolius var. undulatifolius was analyzed using dispersion indices in different sizes of plots according to several patchiness indexes, population uniformity, or aggregation. Population densities (D) at Mt. Hanwoo varied from 0.453 to 4.375, with a mean of 2.387. The small and mid-sized plots ($2m{\times}2m$, $2m{\times}4m$, $4m{\times}4m$, $4m{\times}8m$, and $8m{\times}8m$) of O. undulatifolius var. undulatifolius were aggregated in the forest community. However, O. undulatifolius var. undulatifolius was uniformly distributed in three large plots ($8m{\times}16m$, $16m{\times}16m$, and $16m{\times}32m$). The greatest mean crowding ($M^*$) and patchiness index (PAI) showed positive values. Aggregation is mainly caused by environmental factors. Many plants on Mt. Hanwoo are being disturbed by climbers, which is preventing these plants from inhabiting their realized niches on Mt. Hanwoo.

Comparison of Fine Root Development of Pinus densiflora, Prunus serrulata var. spontanea, and Zelkova serrata after Root Cutting and Wound Dressing (소나무, 벚나무, 느티나무 단근 후 연고 처리에 따른 발근 비교)

  • Park, Junhyung;Kim, Jiyeon;Kweon, Si-Gyun;Kim, Haerang;Kwon, Junhyung;Lee, Harim;Kim, Dawon;Ma, Jiwon;Kim, Pan-Gi;Koh, Sang-Hyun;Kim, Ki Woo
    • Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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    • v.108 no.2
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    • pp.269-275
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    • 2019
  • The aim of our study was to compare the wound responses and fine root development after root cutting and wound dressing among different tree species. The roots (2~4 cm in diameter) of mature Pinus densiflora, Prunus serrulata var. spontanea, and Zelkova serrata grown in Sangju, South Korea, were cut every 6 months from May 2014 to November 2016. The cut roots were subjected to pastes of vaseline and organic fertilizer. Six months after cutting, fine root development in the cut roots was examined. There was a significant increase in the fine root development in P. serrulata and Z. serrata; however, the development was rarely observed in P. densiflora. Zelkova serrata showed the highest fine root development among the three species in both the control and organic paste treatment groups. No significant differences in fine root development were observed in P. serrulata among the treatments. These results indicate that different tree species exhibit different responses to wound dressing after root cutting, which suggests that specific treatments must be applied to specific tree species.

Seasonal Succession of Zooplankton Community in a Large Reservoir of Summer Monsoon Region (Lake Soyang) (몬순지역 대형댐(소양호)에서 동물플랑크톤 군집의 계절천이)

  • Kim, Moon Sook;Kim, Bomchul;Jun, Man-Sig
    • Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment
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    • v.52 no.1
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    • pp.40-49
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    • 2019
  • Seasonal succession of zooplankton community and species composition was studied from 2003 to 2014 in a deep reservoir, Lake Soyang, in monsoon climate region, Korea. Annual precipitation was concentrated more than 70% between June and September and it showed remarkably that seasonal variation in water quality. Seasonal variation of water quality in Lake Soyang appeared to be more significant than annual variations, and the inflow of turbid water during the summer rainfall was the most important environmental factor. Zooplankton sepecies composition in Lake Soyang showed obvious tendency through two periods (May to June and August to October) every year. Small zooplankton (rotifer; Keratella cochlearis, Polyarthra vulgaris) dominated in spring and mesozooplankton such as copepods and crustaceans were dominant in summer and fall. Zooplankton biomass showed the maximum in September after monsoon rainfall, and chlorophyll showed a similar seasonal variation and it showed a high correlation (r=0.45). The increase of zooplankton biomass is considered to be a bottom-up effect due to the increase of primary producers and inflow of nutrients and organic matter from rainfall. In this study, we found that the variation of zooplankton community was affected by rainfall in monsoon climate region and inflow of turbid water was an important environmental factor, which influenced the water quality, zooplankton seasonal succession in Lake Soyang. It was also considered to be influenced by hydrological characteristics of lake and environment of watershed. In conclusion, seasonal succession of zooplankton species composition was the same as the PEG model. But seasonal succession of zooplankton biomass differed not only in the temperate lake but also in the monsoon region.

Backgrounding steers on temperate grasses mixed with vetch and/or using energy supplementation

  • de Oliveira Lazzarotto, Eduardo Felipe Colerauz;de Menezes, Luis Fernando Glasenapp;Paris, Wagner;Molinete, Marcos Luis;Schmitz, Gean Rodrigo;Baraviera, Jose Henrique Ignacio;Farenzena, Roberta;de Paula, Adalberto Luiz
    • Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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    • v.32 no.6
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    • pp.800-807
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    • 2019
  • Objective: The aim was to evaluate backgrounding beef steers on oat + ryegrass pastures mixed with vetch and/or using energy supplementation. Methods: A randomized block design with three treatments and three replications was used. The treatments were: grass + supplement (oat + ryegrass + supplementation), legume + supplement (oat + ryegrass + vetch + supplementation) and grass + legume (oat + ryegrass + vetch). A continuous grazing system with a variable stocking rate was used. Twenty-seven intact crossbred steers (1/4 Marchigiana, 1/4 Aberdeen Angus and 2/4 Nellore) aged 7 months old and average weight of 190 kg were used. Steers were supplemented at 1% of the body weight of ground corn. The experiment lasted 84 days, between May and August 2014. Behavioral assessments were performed two times per experimental period, for 24 hours. Results: The forage mass was different between treatments, being greater for steers fed without legume. The accumulation rate, forage allowance, and stocking rate did not differ between treatments due to the adequate adjustment of forage allowance. The final weight of animals, as well as the dry matter intake (kg/d), did not differ between treatments. However, forage intake was higher for non-supplemented animals in relation to supplemented steers. Supplement intake did not alter the total digestible nutrient intake due to pasture quality. Animals fed grass + supplement had higher live weight gain per area than those fed grass + legume. Animals without supplementation spent more time in grazing. Conclusion: Feeding behavior was not altered by mixing with vetch or supplementation. Non-supplemented animals started the grazing peak earlier and spent more time in grazing than those supplemented; however, the average daily gain was similar between treatments. The live weight gain per hectare was 47% higher in pastures in which the animals received supplementation compared with those mixed with vetch, a consequence of the substitutive effect.

Identification and Characterization of Microbial Community in the Coelomic Fluid of Earthworm (Aporrectodea molleri)

  • Yakkou, Lamia;Houida, Sofia;Dominguez, Jorge;Raouane, Mohammed;Amghar, Souad;Harti, Abdellatif El
    • Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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    • v.49 no.3
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    • pp.391-402
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    • 2021
  • Earthworms play an important role in soil fertilization, interacting continually with microorganisms. This study aims to demonstrate the existence of beneficial microorganisms living in the earthworm's immune system, the coelomic fluid. To achieve this goal, a molecular identification technique was performed, using cytochrome c oxidase I (COI) barcoding to identify abundant endogenic earthworms inhabiting the temperate zone of Rabat, Morocco. Then, 16S rDNA and ITS sequencing techniques were adopted for bacteria and fungi, respectively. Biochemical analysis, showed the ability of bacteria to produce characteristic enzymes and utilize substrates. Qualitative screening of plant growth-promoting traits, including nitrogen fixation, phosphate and potassium solubilization, and indole acetic acid (IAA) production, was also performed. The result of mitochondrial COI barcoding allowed the identification of the earthworm species Aporrectodea molleri. Phenotypic and genotypic studies of the sixteen isolated bacteria and the two isolated fungi showed that they belong to the Pseudomonas, Aeromonas, Bacillus, Buttiauxella, Enterobacter, Pantoea, and Raoultella, and the Penicillium genera, respectively. Most of the isolated bacteria in the coelomic fluid showed the ability to produce β-glucosidase, β-glucosaminidase, Glutamyl-β-naphthylamidase, and aminopeptidase enzymes, utilizing substrates like aliphatic thiol, sorbitol, and fatty acid ester. Furthermore, three bacteria were able to fix nitrogen, solubilize phosphate and potassium, and produce IAA. This initial study demonstrated that despite the immune property of earthworms' coelomic fluid, it harbors beneficial microorganisms. Thus, the presence of resistant microorganisms in the earthworm's immune system highlights a possible selection process at the coelomic fluid level.

Inorganic Nutrient Inputs from Precipitation, Throughfall, and Stemflow in Pinus densiflora and Quercus mongolica Stands in an Urban Forest Ecosystem

  • Kim, Kee Dae
    • Journal of Environmental Science International
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    • v.28 no.10
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    • pp.813-829
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    • 2019
  • We measured the amount of precipitation, stemflow, and throughfall and concentrations of nine major inorganic nutrients ($H^+$, ${NH_4}^+$, $Ca^{2+}$, $Mg^{2+}$, $K^+$, $Na^+$, $Cl^-$, ${NO_3}^-$, and ${SO_4}^{2-}$) to investigate the nutrient inputs into soil from precipitation in Pinus densiflora and Quercus mongolica stands from September 2015 to August 2016. The precipitation inputs of $H^+$, ${NH_4}^+$, $Ca^{2+}$, $Mg^{2+}$, $K^+$, $Na^+$, $Cl^-$, ${NO_3}^-$, and ${SO_4}^{2-}$ into soil were 0.170, 15.124, 42.227, 19.218, 14.050, 15.887, 22.391, 5.431, and $129.440kg{\cdot}ha^{-1}{\cdot}yr^{-1}$, respectively. The P. densiflora stemflow inputs were 0.008, 0.784, 1.652, 1.044, 0.476, 0.651, 1.509, 0.278, and $9.098kg{\cdot}ha^{-1}{\cdot}yr^{-1}$, and those for Q. mongolica were 0.008, 0.684, 2.429, 2.417, 2.941, 1.398, 2.407, 0.436, and $13.504kg{\cdot}ha^{-1}{\cdot}yr^{-1}$, respectively. The P. densiflora throughfall inputs were 0.042, 21.518, 52.207 27.694, 20.060, 24.049, 37.229, 10.241, and $153.790kg{\cdot}ha^{-1}{\cdot}yr^{-1}$, and those for Q. mongolica were 0.032, 15.068, 42.834, 21.219, 20.294, 20.237, 24.288, 5.647, and $119.134kg{\cdot}ha^{-1}{\cdot}yr^{-1}$, respectively. Of the total throughfall flux (i.e., stemflow + throughfall flux) of the nine ions for the two species, ${SO_4}^{2-}$ had the greatest total throughfall flux and $H^+$ had the lowest. The net throughfall fluxes of the ions for the two species had various correlations with the precedent dry period, rainfall intensity, rainfall amount, and pH of precipitation. The soil pH under the Q. mongolica canopy (4.88) was higher than that under the P. densiflora canopy (4.34). The difference in the soil pH between the two stands was significant (P < 0.01), but the difference in soil pH by the distance from the stems of the two species was not (P > 0.01). This study shows the enrichments of inorganic nutrients by two representative urban forests in temperate regions and the roles of urban forests during rainfall events in a year.

Comparison of Benthic Macroinvertebrate Communities at Two Headwater Streams Located with Different Temperature Regions in South Korea (온도 분포가 다른 두 산림 하천의 저서성대형무척추동물 군집 특성 비교)

  • Lee, Da-Yeong;Lee, Dae-Seong;Park, Chanwoo;Yun, Soon Jin;Lim, Jong-Hwan;Park, Young-Seuk
    • Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment
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    • v.54 no.2
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    • pp.87-95
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    • 2021
  • Macroinvertebrates in forest streams affect the overall health of other streams in the same water system. In this study, we compared differences in the benthic macroinvertebrate community at two headwater streams located at different latitudes in the southern and northern parts of South Korea. We calculated the community temperature index (CTI), which represents the thermal preferences of the benthic communities. Hierarchical cluster analyses (HCA) were conducted to compare the similarities among sampling sites. In addition, we analyzed the relationship between community composition and environmental and community characteristics using non-metric multidimensional scaling (NMDS). Our results showed that CTI was significantly different between the two regions, indicating that these benthic macroinvertebrate communities have different thermal preferences. These two regions were clearly distinguished from each other in the HCA; furthermore, seasonal differences in benthic community composition were observed within each region. The functional feeding groups present in the benthic macroinvertebrate communities were different even though their habitat was similar.