• Childhood Kidney Diseases
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.131-135
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• 2015

Purpose: The aim of this study was to establish a simple formula to predict renal length in children using a Technesium-99m dimercaptosuccinic acid (DMSA) scan data, and to compare it with the formula derived from ultrasonography, which is widely accepted. Methods: Children who underwent a DMSA scan and ultrasonography were reviewed retrospectively, and those who had anatomical urinary tract abnormalities or urinary tract infections were excluded. Results: A total of 230 children (84 males and 146 females; age, 1 month to 16 years; mean age, $16.8{\pm}27.4$ months). Mean renal length measured by DMSA scan was longer than that by ultrasonography ($6.38{\pm}1.16$ vs. $6.02{\pm}1.14cm$; P < 0.001). Renal length was correlated with age, weight, height, and body surface area on the DMSA scan and ultrasonography, and showed the strongest positive correlation with height. The following formulae were established to predict renal length: mean renal length (cm) = 5.433 ${\times}$ height (m) + 2.330 (R2, 0.833) using the DMSA scan data, and mean renal length (cm) = 5.367 ${\times}$ height (m) + 2.027 (R2, 0.853) using ultrasonography data. Conclusion: We propose a simple height-based formula to predict renal length in children using a DMSA scan data, and validate it by comparing with ultrasonography formula.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제57권1호
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• pp.41-45
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• 2014

Purpose: Renal size is an important indicator to determine adequate organ growth in children. The aim of this study was to estimate renal size with Technesium-99m dimercaptosuccinic acid (DMSA) scan and propose a simple formula for predicting renal length in normal Korean children. Methods: This study included 346 children (148 boys and 198 girls; age range, 1 month to 17 years) in whom renal length was measured using the DMSA scan. Patients with anatomical renal abnormalities or acute pyelonephritis were excluded. Children were divided into two groups: 214 children (61.8%) were less than a year old (group 1) and 132 (38.2%) were ${\geq}1$ year (group 2). Results: Renal length was larger on the left side than the right side, and there was no significant gender-related difference in renal length. We propose the following formula for renal length based on the analysis of the 346 children in our study: the formula was as follows: $4.682{\times}age(month)^{0.137}$, $R^2=0.780$. In group 1, the formula was renal length $(cm)=0.127{\times}age(month)+5.144$, $R^2=0.354$, and in group 2, the formula was $0.334{\times}age(year)+6.477$, $R^2=0.829$. Conclusion: It is difficult to establish simple formulae in infants ($R^2=0.354$). Therefore, further studies including relevant variables are needed for this age group. We proposed formulae to estimate renal length in Korean children over 1 year of age by using the DMSA scan.

• 핵의학기술
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.1-11
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• 2024

Hypoxia, defined as the deficiency of oxygen, is a significant hallmark of cancers presenting in the majority of solid tumors. Detection of tumor hypoxia is essential in cancer diagnosis to prevent cancer progression, metastasis, and resistance to cancer therapies in clinical practices. Single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) is one of the methods studied and applied for hypoxia detection with the use of radiolabeled imaging agents in which ^99mTc is the common radioisotope used for radiolabeling. Nitroimidazoles are the hypoxia-targeting moieties presenting in numerous ^99mTc-radiolabeled imaging agents due to their bio-reducible ability in hypoxic environments. Recently, in addition to ^99mTc-labeled radiopharmaceuticals containing one nitroimidazole unit, there has been considerable attention given to ^99mTc-radiopharmaceuticals bearing two or more nitroimidazole units. This review summarizes the synthesis of hypoxia-targeting chelators and radiolabeling processes to produce these ^99mTc-radiopharmaceuticals for SPECT imaging.