• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Applied Entomolohy Conference
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• 2000.10a
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• pp.11-11
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• 2000

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.4 no.3
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• pp.247-254
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• 1996

The effect of shading on mineral elements, free amino acids, and fatty acids content of tea shoot was examined under different shading periods. The results are summarized as follows. The con­tent of $NH_4^+$, $K^+$. $Mg^{++}$, $PO_4^{--}, was increased, but that of $Na^+$, $Ca^{++}$, $F^-$, $Cl^-$, $No_3^-$, $So_4^{--}$ was de­creased with the passage of shade treatment periods. The content of Total- Nitrogen of tea shoot was the highest in the 55% 10days+95% 5days shading as 6.07%. The content to Total Free Amino Acid was hagher ranged from 20mg/100g to 80mg/100g in shading treatment compered with the un shading treat­ment. The content of Theanine was the highest in 55% 10days+95% 5days shading as 1834mg/100g,while that of unshading was the lowest as 1247mg/100g. The content of Theanine was decreased with the passage of shading periods. The content of Fatty Acid was the highest in the 55% 15days+95% 15days shading as 3164mg/100g, while the unshading treatment had the lowest in the 55% 5days+95% 5days as 2435mg/100g.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.160-166
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• 2000

The reasonable level of nitrogen fertilizer of Gyokuro tea which is producted fresh leaves plucked from shade tea plants is a key factor to increase crop yield and quality. Nitrogen were applied at the level to 60, 80, 100 and $120kg\;10a^{-1}$. Analytical results of yield and quality of Gyokuro tea are summarized as follows : The soil fertility of experimental field was higher in organic matter($59.8g\;kg^{-1}$) and available phosphate($1,285mg\;kg^{-1}$), but lower in pH(4.79) compared to the common field. As the amount of nitrogen fertilizer application was increased to $80kg\;10a^{-1}$, the yield of tea leaves, the content of total nitrogen, total amino acid, caffeine and chlorophyll were increased. However, the yield of tea leaves was not increased above $100kg\;10a^{-1}$ and the increased level of nitrogen fertilizer did not show any different in the content of tannin and vitamin C. When the amount of nitrogen fertilizer application was raised, the content of thiamine and arginine increased, but the content of aspartic acid, serine and glutamic acid decreased. The content of fatty acid was produced $2.850{\sim}3.012mg\;100g^{-1}$ Especially, the content of oleic acid, linoleic acid and linolenic acid was higher at the level of $80kg\;10a^{-1}$ application than other treatments. As nitrogen was applied at $80kg\;10a^{-1}$, sensory score was 0.2~4.6 point higher than other treatments. Consequently, $80kg\;10a^{-1}$ is considered to be the best level of nitrogen fertilizer both quality and crop yield.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.41 no.4
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• pp.299-303
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• 2002

Pratylenchus loosi Loof, 1960 is recorded for the first time from Korea. The nematode was isolated from the roots of tea (Thea sinensis L.) and soil around the roots from Yeongam-gun, Jeo-llanam-do and Namjeju-gun, Jeju-do, Korea. This species has two lip annuli. The female is 433-646 $\mu\textrm{m}$ long: a＝ 29.1-37.5, b ＝ 5.1-6.4, c ＝ 15.0-21.3, vulva(%) ＝ 73.0-85.4. The male body length is 408-512$\mu\textrm{m}$ long: a＝36.1-40.0, b＝4.8-6.7, c ＝17.0-19.0, and spicule ＝ 14.1-18.0 $\mu\textrm{m}$. The stylet is 11.6-18.0 $\mu\textrm{m}$ long and the number of incisures is four. The shape of spermatheca filled with sperm is broadly rounded, oval and quadrangular The shape of tail is narrowly round to subacute.

• Animal Bioscience
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• v.34 no.3_spc
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• pp.393-404
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• 2021

Objective: This study compared the catechin composition of different tea byproducts and investigated the effects of dietary supplementation with green tea byproducts on the accumulation of abdominal fat, the modulation of lipid metabolism, and the inflammatory response in red feather native chickens. Methods: Bioactive compounds were detected, and in vitro anti-obesity capacity analyzed via 3T3-L1 preadipocytes. In animal experiments, 320 one-day-old red feather native chickens were divided into 4 treatment groups: control, basal diet supplemented with 0.5% Jinxuan byproduct (JBP), basal diet supplemented with 1% JBP, or basal diet supplemented with 5×106 colony-forming unit (CFU)/kg Bacillus amyloliquefaciens+5×106 CFU/kg Saccharomyces cerevisiae (BA+SC). Growth performance, serum characteristics, carcass characteristics, and the mRNA expression of selected genes were measured. Results: This study compared several cultivars of tea, but Jinxuan showed the highest levels of the anti-obesity compound epigallocatechin gallate. 3T3-L1 preadipocytes treated with Jinxuan extract significantly reduced lipid accumulation. There were no significant differences in growth performance, serum characteristics, or carcass characteristics among the groups. However, in the 0.5% JBP group, mRNA expression of fatty acid synthase (FAS) and acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) were significantly decreased. In the 1% JBP group, FAS, ACC and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ levels were significantly decreased. Moreover, inflammation-related mRNA expression levels were decreased by the addition of JBP. Conclusion: JBP contained abundant catechins and related bioactive compounds, which reduced lipid accumulation in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes, however there was no significant reduction in abdominal fat. This may be due to a lack of active anti-obesity compounds or because the major changes in fat metabolism were not in the abdomen. Nonetheless, lipogenesis-related and inflammation-related mRNA expression were reduced in the 1% JBP group. In addition, dietary supplementation with tea byproducts could reduce the massive amount of byproducts created during tea production and modulate lipid metabolism and the inflammatory response in chickens.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.25-32
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• 1998

To characterize the growth environment, inorganic composition and morphological chracteristics of leaves of Korean tea plant, soil and tea leaf samples were collected from 15 locations and analyzed. The chemical characteristics of soils were in range of pH 4.09~6.15, OM 23.9~72.6g/kg, available phosphate less than 300mg/kg, K $0.8{\sim}2.5cmol^+/kg$, Na $tr{\sim}0.17cmol^+/kg$, Ca $1.0{\sim}6.2cmol^+/kg$, and Mg $0.3{\sim}2.1cmol^+/kg$. The contents of Ni. Cr, Zn. Cu, Pb, and Cd were at the level less than natural content in upland soil. Most of the sample soils were sandy loamy and loamy texture. The native tea plants were mainly grown in bamboo thicket or in forest. The leaf sizes of tea plants were $6.85{\pm}1.75{\times}2.6{\pm}0.5cm$, lateral vein number $14.2{\pm}2.7$, and crenated number $58.5{\pm}11.2$, and the leaf color was thin to dark green. The contents of $NH_4{^+}$, $Na^+$, $K^+$, $Mg^{2+}$ and $Ca^{2+}$ in tea leaves were in range of 30.5~47.7, 45.5~164.5, 16,998~25,431, 1.590~2,392 and 1,085~1,958mg/kg, respectively. The contents of $F^-$, $Cl^-$, $NO_3{^-}$, $PO_4{^{3-}}$ and $SO_4{^{2-}}$ were in range of 21.2~63.2, 126.4~257.9, 108.5~185.9, 1,270~1.819, and $954{\sim}1,670mg/kg$, respectively. The leaf size of native tea plant grown widlly in Shunchun Changchun-ri, Hwasun Ssangbongsa, Kuryoi Chonunsa, Bosong Daewonsa and Namhae Boriam was as large as those of Yabukita. Japan cultiver, grown at Kangjin Jangwon tea field.

• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
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• v.42 no.6 s.277
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• pp.432-436
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• 2005

Nickel powders synthesized by the reduction of hydrazine of nickel salts fiom diethanolamine(DEA) solution, and investigated the morphological characteristics of nickel powders with the addition of hydrazine, reaction temperature, the composition of mixed solvents. The addition of hydrazine in DEA solution largely affected on size control of nickel powders. Under $N_2H_4/Ni^{2+}$ molar ratio= 1.5 and 2.0 conditions, spherical nickel powders in the submicron range obtained, owing to higher the reduction rate. An increase of temperature increased the size of nickel particles. At $220^{\circ}C$ for 40 min, the nickel powders composed of polyhedral particles with high crystalline in the submicron range. The mixed volume ratio of TEA to DEA affected on the increase of particle size and the inhibition of agglomerate between particles.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.12 no.7
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• pp.3220-3226
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• 2011

In order to monitor internal risk factors such as fire, terror, etc. on the subway station, the surveillance systems using CCTV and various kinds of sensors have been implemented and recently, introduction of surveillance systems using an advanced IT technology, sensor network technology is tried on several areas. Since 2007, Korean government has made an effort to develop the intelligent surveillance and monitoring system, which can monitor fire, intrusion, passenger congestion, health-state of structure, etc., by using wireless sensor network technology and intelligent video analytic technique. For that purpose, this study carried out field wireless communication environment test on Chungmuro Station of Seoul Metro on the basis of ZigBee that is considered as a representative wireless sensor network before field application of the intelligent integrated surveillance system being developed, arranged and analyzed and ZigBee based wireless communication environment test results on the platform and waiting room of Chungmuro Station on this paper. Results of wireless spectrum analysis on the platform and waiting room showed that there is no radio frequency overlapped with that of ZigBee based sensor network and no frequency interference with adjacent frequencies separated 10MHz or more. As results of wireless data transmission test using ZigBee showed that data transmission is influenced by multi-path fading effect from the number and flow rate of passengers on the platform or the waiting room rather than effects from entrance and exit of the train to/from the platform, it should be considered when implementing the intelligent integrated surveillance system on the station.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.238-245
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• 1998

The reasonable level of nitrogen fertilizer is a key factor to reduce environmental contamination as well as to increase crop yield and quality. The treatments are $N=42kg\;10a^{-1}$, $N=48kg\;10a^{-1}$, $N=54kg\;10a^{-1}$. $N=60kg\;10a^{-1}$. $N=72kg\;10a^{-1}$ and $N=150kg\;10a^{-1}$. Analytical results of yield and quality of tea leaves harvested the second time are summarized as follows: The soil of experimental field was higher in organic matter($49.9g\;kg^{-1}$) and available phosphate($937mg\;kg^{-1}$) compared to the general field but lower in pH(5.07) compared to the general field. When the amount of nitrogen fertilizer application was raised, the yield of tea leaves, the content of nitrogen, total free amino acids, caffeine and chlorophyll increased: however, the yield of tea leaves increased to excessive levels. On the other hand, the increased level of nitrogen fertilizer did not show any difference in the contents of vitamin C and tannin. Eleven kinds of amino acids were isolated from second harvested leaves of tea where the content of theanine occupied over 50%, and content of $665{\sim}763mg\;100g^{-1}$. The contents of fatty acids and catechin did not show correlation with application level of nitrogen fertilizer. The content of fatty acid was produced $1,742{\sim}2,643mg\;100g^{-1}$, and content of catechin was produced 12.47~13.54%. In scoring test, $N=60kg\;10a^{-1}$ treatment was 0.5~6.0 point higher compared to other treatments. Consequently, $N=60kg\;10a^{-1}$ is considered to be the best level of nitrogen fertilizer in terms of decreased environmental contamination as well as to increase crop yield and quality.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.26-32
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• 2001

The contents of chemical components such as total nitrogen, total amino acid and vitamin C were somewhat higher in $N_2$ gas treatment at $10^{\circ}C$ for 3 hours than those of other treatments. However, the contents of tannin and chlorophyll were slightly lower than that in the other treatments. The content of ${\gamma}-Aminobutyric$ acid with $N_2$ gas treatment was higher $1.5{\sim}6$ times with values of $51{\sim}205mg/100g$ than in control (35mg/100g). The scores of sensory test was not different between $N_2$ gas treatment for 3 hours and control. The contents of chemical components such as total nitrogen, total amino acid including theanine and caffeine were slightly higher in $N_2$ gas treatment at $20^{\circ}C$ for 3 hours than those of other treatments. However, the contents of tannin and vitamin C were slightly lower than those of other treatment. The content of GABA in tea leaves treated with $N_2$ gas was higher $2.5{\sim}7$ times with values of $85{\sim}225mg/100g$ than in control (35mg/100g). The sensory test was lower in $N_2$ gas treatment($76.3{\sim}78.1$ point) than in control(80.4 point). The contents of chemical components were not different between $N_2$ gas treatment at $30^{\circ}C$ for 3 hours and control. Whereas the contents of chemical components were somewhat lower in $N_2$ gas treatment for 1 hour and 5 hours than in control. The content of GABA in tea leaves treated with $N_2$ gas was higher $3{\sim}7$ times with values of $115{\sim}217mg/100g $than in control(35mg/100g). The sensory test was lower in $N_2$ gas treatment ($74.3{\sim}78.4$ point) than in control(80.4 point). Consequently, tea mading within 5 time $N_2$ gas treatment at $10^{\circ}C$ or 3 time $N_2$ gas treatment at 20, $30^{\circ}C$ after plucking was considered to be the best green tea in terms of functional nature as well as taste nature.