• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제62권3호
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• pp.281-286
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• 2019

홍차를 우려내고 남은 부산물인 홍차박을 30% 에탄올로 추출하여 수율, 폴리페놀 함량 및 항산화 활성을 확인하였다. 홍차박의 추출 수율은 $22.4{\pm}1.18%$이었고, 폴리페놀은 추출물에 $23.2{\pm}1.02{\mu}g\;GAE/mg$ 들어있었다. 홍차박 추출물은 양이온라디칼, 유리라디칼 및 아질산염을 농도에 비례하여 소거하였고, 환원력과 지질과산화 억제활성도 농도의존적으로 증가하였다. 홍차박 추출물의 ABTS 양이온라디칼, DPPH 유리라디칼 및 아질산염 소거에 대한 $IC_{50}$값은 각각 141.8, 108.1 및 $397.2{\mu}g/m$이었고, 환원력에 대한 $IC_{50}$값은 $97.8{\mu}g/mL$로 나타났다. 또한 홍차박 추출물은 linoleic acid의 과산화를 효과적으로 억제하였다. 결론적으로 홍차박 추출물은 우수한 항산화 활성을 보유하고 있어 생리활성 소재로의 활용 가능성을 보여주었다.

• 동아시아식생활학회지
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• 제18권5호
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• pp.797-804
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• 2008

시중에서 쉽게 구할 수 있고 즐겨 마시는 차로 이용되고 있는 감잎을 시료로 택하여 실제 음용 조건으로 추출하여 일반 성분, 클로로필 및 총 페놀 함량을 분석하였고, 전자공여능에 의한 항산화 활성, ACE 저해도, SOD 유사 활성, 아질산염 소거능 및 항균 활성을 조사하였다. 그 결과 녹차와 비교하였을 때 비슷한 수준의 높은 항산화 활성을 나타내었으며, ACE 저해도 역시 50% 이상의 높은 값을 나타내었다. SOD유사 활성 및 아질산염 소거능의 경우 오히려 녹차보다 더 우수한 것을 확인하였다. 항균 활성의 경우 4가지 균주 모두에 대하여 항균 활성이 있는 것을 확인하였으며, 특히 Staphylococcus aureus를 제외한 3가지 균주(Listeria monocytogenes, Escherichia coil, Salmonella typhimudum)에 대해서는 녹차 보다 우수한 활성을 나타내었다.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제13권8호
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• pp.4107-4112
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• 2012

4-Nitroquinoline 1-oxide (4-NQO) a potent oral carcinogen, widely used for induction of oral carcinogenesis, has been found to induce lipid peroxidation in vivo and in vitro. Green tea contains a high content of polyphenols, which are potent antioxidants. Thus green tea polyphenols (GTP) might be expected play a protective role against 4-NQO induced lipid peroxidation and bone marrow toxicity. In the present study, a dose of 200 mg of GTP/kg b.wt/day was given orally for a week, simultaneously animals received 0.2 ml of 0.5% 4-NQO in propylene glycol (5 mg/ml) injected intramuscularly for three times/week. Oxidants and antioxidants such as malendialdehyde (MDA) and thiols, glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione reductase (GR), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) were significantly decreased in 4-NQO induced animals except MDA, and these parameters were brought back to near normalcy on treatment with GTP. The results suggest that GTP treatment offers significant protection against 4-NQO induced lipid peroxidation and bone marrow toxicity and might be a promising potential candidate for prevention of mutations leading to cancer.

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제33권5호
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• pp.570-575
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• 2020

In this study, to develop balloon flower (Platycodon grandiflorum) leaves, which are not used as tea, a method of making green tea was referred to, and several physiological activities were analyzed using the balloon flower leaf tea with different times of roasting and rubbing. The highest total polyphenol and tannin contents were 33.02 mg GAE/g and 5.03 mg/g at two times of roasting and one time of rubbing, respectively. In the case of the total flavonoids, the RO3 + RU2, subjected to three times of roasting and two times of rubbing, showed the highest value, whereas there was no significant difference between the control and the other samples. Except for the green tea as a control, the RO2 + RU1 samples reported the highest antioxidant activity whereas it decreased with increasing number of times of roasting and rubbing. The color, lightness, and yellowness tended to decrease slightly as the number of increasing roasting and rubbing among the samples with no significant difference. All of these things together, to develop tea using the balloon flower leaves would be suitable with two times of roasting and one time of rubbing.

• 한국의류산업학회지
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• 제8권3호
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• pp.343-348
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• 2006

This study aims to attain gray tone dyed goods by using tannin that is contained in green tea. Tannin is given general name of polyphenol, which has a characteristic that bonds with protein and it is used for food preservative that protects against bacteria, as well as its purpose of black tone dye for silk treatment that has been processed since its early ages. In particular, as tannin reacts with all kinds of metallic mordant and changes to various colors, when tannin acid is combined with iron, it becomes tannin steel and produces gray tone color. Tannin that is contained in green tea is condensed tannins and its structure does not hydrolyze, thus having flavan type structure. In order to find the suitable condition for processing tannin, UV-Vis part absorption spectrum of green tea tannin, dye ability based on temperature and time, reflection rate based on concentration, color changes based on acid treatment and alkali treatment, changes on surface based on concentration or metal mordant condition, and lightfastness were measured. Maximum absorption wavelength (${\lambda}_{max}$) of green tea tannin was at around 273nm, while strong absorption was also observed at below 350 nm. Dye ability of green tea tannin is done more easily on silk rather than cellulose fibers such as cotton, while the optimum condition for dyeing was observed to be at $60^{\circ}C$, for 20 minutes. As a result of acid treatment, the color of dye material consisted highly of gray tones and showed overall gray tone with the combined color of yellow and red after the alkali treatment. While it was observed that as dye concentration and metal mordant concentration increased, the color changed at counter-clockwise direction on the Y-scale of Munsell's scale of colors. Additionally, lightfastness was more on a normal fading.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• 제23권6호
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• pp.605-612
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• 2000

Green tea polyphenols (GTP) have been demonstrated to suppress tumorigenesis in several chemical-induced animal carcinogenesis models, and predicted as promising chemopreventive agents in human. Recent studies of GTP extracts showed the involvement of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) in the regulation of Phase II enzymes gene expression and induction of apoptosis. In the current work we compared the biological actions of five green tea catechins: (1) induction of ARE reporter gene, (2) activation of MAP kinases, (3) cytotoxicity in human hepatoma HepG2-C8 cells, and (4) caspase activation in human cervical squamous carcinoma HeLa cells. For the induction of phase IIgene assay, (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) and (-)-epicatechin-3-gallate (ECG) potently induced antioxidant response element (ARE)-mediated luciferase activity, with induction observed at 25 $\mu\textrm{m}$with EGCG. The induction of ARE reporter gene appears to be structurally related to the 3-gallate group. Comparing the activation of MAPK by the five polyphenols, only EGCG showed potent activation of all three MAPKs (ERK, JNK and p38) in a dose- and time-dependent manner, whereas EGC activated ERK and p38. In the concentration range of 25 $\mu\textrm{m}$ to 1 mM, EGCG and ECG strongly suppressed HepG2-ARE-C8 cell-growth. To elucidate the mechanisms of green tea polyphenol-induced apoptosis, we measured the activation of an important cell death protein, caspase-3 induced by EGCG, and found that caspase-3 was activated in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Interestingly, the activation of caspase-3 was a relatively late event (peaked at 16 h), whereas activation of MAPKs was much earlier (peaked at 2 h). It is possible, that at low concentrations of EGCG, activation of MAPK leads to ARE-mediated gene expression including phase II detoxifying enzymes. Whereas at higher concentrations of EGCG, sustained activation of MAPKs such as JNK leads to apoptosis. These mechanisms are currently under investigation in our laboratory. As the most abundant catechin in GTP extract, we found that EGCG potently induced ARE-mediated gene expression, activated MAP kinase pathway, stimulated caspase-3 activity, and induced apoptosis. These mechanisms together with others, may contribute to the overall chemopreventive function of EGCG itself as well as the GTP.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제49권3호
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• pp.318-323
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• 2017

본 연구는 옻씨의 볶음 시간을 선정함으로써 관능적 특성을 분석하고, 볶은 옻씨를 함유한 차 음료를 제조하여 품질특성을 조사하였다. 또한, 저장기간에 따른 항산화활성 변화를 알아보고자 저장 온도(4, 25 및 $40^{\circ}C$)를 달리하여 28일간 저장하면서 7일 간격으로 항산화 활성을 측정하여 저장시 발생할 수 있는 변화를 살펴보았다. 차 음료를 제조하고자 기호도 조사를 통하여 가장 높은 점수를 받은 15분 볶은 옻씨로 결정되었다. 선정된 볶음군을 함유한 차 음료에 대한 pH는 A 차 음료는 7.12, B 차 음료는 7.21, C 차 음료는 7.20, D 차 음료는 7.38로 나타났다. 당도는 모든 차 음료에 대하여 $0.1-0.2^{\circ}Bx$의 범위로 나타났다. L값은 A 차 음료는 16.90, B 차 음료는 17.62, C 차 음료는 18.85, D차 음료는 18.96로 나타났고, a값은 A 차 음료는 -0.12, B 차 음료는 -0.45, C 차 음료는 -0.22, D 차 음료는 -1.17로 나타났으며 b값은 A 차 음료는 8.84, B 차 음료는 7.45, C 차 음료는 6.03, D 차 음료는 6.40으로 옻씨 자체의 색이 엷은 적갈색을 보이며 옻씨의 추출물 색으로 가까운 황색을 나타낸 A 차 음료가 가장 비슷한 값을 나타내었다. 또한, 관능검사를 통하여 맛과 전체적인 바람직성에서 A 차 음료가 높은 점수로 평가되어졌다. A차 음료에 대하여 저장 중 총 폴리페놀 및 총 플라보노이드 함량 변화는 시간이 경과함에 따라 조금 감소하였다가 증가하였지만 초기값과 비교시 비슷한 값을 나타내었다. 저장기간과 온도에 따라 관계없이 비슷한 값을 나타내어 항산화력도 높을 것으로 보인다. 저장 중 DPPH 라디칼 및 ABTS 라디칼 소거활성은 저장 기간이 길어질수록 큰 변화가 없었으며 초기값과 비교시 유의적인 차이가 없었다. 저장 중 미생물학적 안전성 검사에서는 모든 시료에서 미생물이 검출되지 않아 저장 안전성을 유지하는 것으로 나타났다.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제36권6호
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• pp.49-58
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• 2008

본 연구는 내구성이 우수하며 포름알데히드방출이 적은 페놀수지 사용 메란티합판을 마루판용 대판으로 사용하고 북미산 벚나무 단판을 표면재료로 사용한 마루판의 제조과정에서 접착제 및 도료에 녹차잎 분말을 첨가하였을 때 마루판으로부터 방출하는 총휘발성유기화합물(TVOC)과 포름알데히드의 감소효과와 녹차잎 분말의 적정 첨가량을 구명하였다. 1) 녹차잎 분말의 폴리페놀화합물량은 9.85%였다. 2) 녹차잎 분말은 FT-IR 결과 벤즈알데히드와 에틸헥사알콜과 반응하여 화학결합을 하는 것으로 나타났다. 3) 페놀수지메란티대판에 벚나무단판오버레이 마루판 제조를 위한 접착제와 UV도료에 전건중량기준으로 2.5%의 녹차잎 분말을 각각 첨가하는 것이 총휘발성유기화합물과 포름알데히드의 방산제거 효과가 매우 적절한 것으로 나타났다. 4) 20L 소형챔버법에 의한 녹차잎 분말 2.5%를 접착제와 도료에 각각 첨가한 온돌용 마루판의 7일째 TVOC는 $0.089mg/m^2hr$이고 포름알데히드는 $0.001mg/m^2hr$를 나타내 최우수등급으로 나타났다.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.315-319
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• 1992

제주도 다원에서 생산된 녹차 생엽을 적채 시기별(1번차, 2번차, 3번차)로 혐기적으로 처리하여, ${\gamma}-aminobutyric$ acid(GABA) 및 기타 주요성분의 함량변화를 측정한 결과 차엽의 질소가스 치환처리 및 진공처리 모두 GABA와 alanine의 함량은 현저하게 증가한 반면에 glutamic acid는 현저하게 감소하였다. 또한 theanine, arginine, caffein 및 polyphenol의 함량은 거의 변화가 없었으며, vit.C의 함량은 혐기처리 시간의 경과에 따라 조금씩 감소하는 것으로 나타났다. 혈압강하작용 성분인 GABA의 생성량은 원엽의 아미노산의 함량, 특히 glutamic acid의 함량에 비례하였으며, 최적 혐기처리 시간은 약 12시간으로 나타났다. 한편, 차엽의 혐기적 처리조건에 있어서 질소가스 치환 처리와 진공처리 사이의 효과에 있어서의 차이는 거의 없었다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제32권7호
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• pp.966-976
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• 2019

Objective: The methane mitigating potential of various plant-based polyphenol sources is known, but effects of combinations have rarely been tested. The aim of the present study was to determine whether binary and 3-way combinations of such phenol sources affect ruminal fermentation less, similar or more intensively than separate applications. Methods: The extracts used were from Acacia mearnsii bark (acacia), Vitis vinifera (grape) seed, Camellia sinensis leaves (green tea), Uncaria gambir leaves (gambier), Vaccinium macrocarpon berries (cranberry), Fagopyrum esculentum seed (buckwheat), and Ginkgo biloba leaves (ginkgo). All extracts were tested using the Hohenheim gas test. This was done alone at 5% of dry matter (DM). Acacia was also combined with all other single extracts at 5% of DM each, and with two other phenol sources (all possible combinations) at 2.5%+2.5% of DM. Results: Methane formation was reduced by 7% to 9% by acacia, grape seed and green tea and, in addition, by most extract combinations with acacia. Grape seed and green tea alone and in combination with acacia also reduced methane proportion of total gas to the same degree. The extracts of buckwheat and gingko were poor in phenols and promoted ruminal fermentation. All treatments except green tea alone lowered ammonia concentration by up to 23%, and the binary combinations were more effective as acacia alone. With three extracts, linear effects were found with total gas and methane formation, while with ammonia and other traits linear effects were rare. Conclusion: The study identified methane and ammonia mitigating potential of various phenolic plant extracts and showed a number of additive and some non-linear effects of combinations of extracts. Further studies, especially in live animals, should concentrate on combinations of extracts from grape seed, green tea leaves Land acacia bark and determine the ideal dosages of such combinations for the purpose of methane mitigation.